499 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
499 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# Live custom Ubuntu from scratch
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## Prerequisites (GNU/Linux Debian/Ubuntu)
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Install applications we need to build the environment.
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```
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sudo apt-get install \
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debootstrap \
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squashfs-tools \
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genisoimage \
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syslinux \
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isolinux
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```
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```
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mkdir $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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## Bootstrap and Configure Ubuntu
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```
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sudo debootstrap \
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--arch=amd64 \
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--variant=minbase \
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bionic \
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$HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot \
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http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
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```
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```
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sudo mount --bind /dev $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev
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sudo mount --bind /run $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run
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```
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## Access chroot environment
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```
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sudo chroot $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot
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```
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1. **Configure mount points**
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```
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mount none -t proc /proc
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mount none -t sysfs /sys
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mount none -t devpts /dev/pts
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export HOME=/root
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export LC_ALL=C
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```
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2. **Set a custom hostname**
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```
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echo "ubuntu-live" > /etc/hostname
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```
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3. **Configure apt sources.list**
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```
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cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
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deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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EOF
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```
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4. **Update indexes packages**
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```
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apt-get update
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```
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5. **Install systemd**
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```
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apt-get install -y systemd-sysv
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```
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5. **Configure machine-id and divert**
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```
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dbus-uuidgen > /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
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dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl
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ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl
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```
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6. **Install packages needed for Live System**
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```
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apt-get install -y \
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ubuntu-standard \
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casper \
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lupin-casper \
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discover \
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laptop-detect \
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os-prober \
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network-manager \
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resolvconf \
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net-tools \
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wireless-tools \
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wpagui \
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locales \
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linux-generic
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```
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7. **Graphical installer**
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```
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apt-get install -y \
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ubiquity \
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ubiquity-casper \
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ubiquity-frontend-gtk \
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ubiquity-slideshow-ubuntu \
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ubiquity-ubuntu-artwork
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```
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8. **Install window manager**
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```
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apt-get install -y \
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plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo \
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ubuntu-gnome-desktop \
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ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers
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```
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9. **Install usefull applications**
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```
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apt-get install -y \
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clamav-daemon \
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terminator \
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apt-transport-https \
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curl \
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vim \
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nano
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```
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10. **Install Visual Studio Code**
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1. Download and install the key
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```
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curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > microsoft.gpg
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install -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
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echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list
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rm microsoft.gpg
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```
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2. Then update the package cache and install the package using:
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```
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apt-get update
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apt-get install -y code
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```
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11. **Install Google Chrome**
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1. Download and install the key
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```
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wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
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```
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2. Add the key to the repository
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```
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echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
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```
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3. Finally, Update repository and install Google Chrome.
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```
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apt-get update
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apt-get install google-chrome-stable
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```
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12. **Install Java JDK 8**
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```
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apt-get install -y \
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openjdk-8-jdk \
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openjdk-8-jre
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```
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13. **Remove unused applications**
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```
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apt-get purge -y \
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transmission-gtk \
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transmission-common \
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gnome-mahjongg \
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gnome-mines \
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gnome-sudoku \
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aisleriot \
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hitori
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```
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14. **Remove unused packages**
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```
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apt-get autoremove -y
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```
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15. **Reconfigure packages**
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1. **Generate locales**
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```
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dpkg-reconfigure locales
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```
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2. **Reconfigure resolvconf**
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```
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dpkg-reconfigure locales
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```
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3. **Configure network-manager**
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```
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cat <<EOF > /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
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[main]
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rc-manager=resolvconf
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plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
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dns=dnsmasq
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[ifupdown]
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managed=false
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EOF
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```
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4. **Reconfigure network-manager**
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```
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dpkg-reconfigure network-manager
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```
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15. **Cleanup the chroot environment**
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1. If you installed software, be sure to run
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```
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rm /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
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```
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2. Remove the diversion
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```
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rm /sbin/initctl
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dpkg-divert --rename --remove /sbin/initctl
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```
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3. Clean up
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```
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apt-get clean
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rm -rf /tmp/* ~/.bash_history
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umount /proc
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umount /sys
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umount /dev/pts
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export HISTSIZE=0
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exit
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```
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## Unbind mount points
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```
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sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev
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sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run
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```
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## Create the CD image directory and populate it
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Create directories
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```
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mkdir -p image/{casper,isolinux,install}
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```
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2. Copy kernel images
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```
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sudo cp chroot/boot/vmlinuz-**-**-generic image/casper/vmlinuz
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sudo cp chroot/boot/initrd.img-**-**-generic image/casper/initrd
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```
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3. Copy isolinux and memtest binaries
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```
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sudo cp /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin image/isolinux/
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sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/{chain,gfxboot,ldlinux,libutil,libcom32,vesamenu}.c32 image/isolinux/
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sudo cp chroot/boot/memtest86+.bin image/install/memtest
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```
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## Boot Instructions
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1. **Splash screen**
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Create image 640x480 in png format (splash.png)
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<p align="center">
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<img src="image/splash.png"><br>
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</p>
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3. Move image
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```
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sudo mv splash.png image/isolinux/
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```
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2. **Boot-loader configuration**
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Create image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
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path
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include menu.cfg
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default vesamenu.c32
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prompt 0
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timeout 50
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EOF
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```
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3. Create image/isolinux/menu.cfg
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/menu.cfg
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menu hshift 13
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menu width 49
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menu margin 8
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menu title Installer boot menu
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include stdmenu.cfg
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include txt.cfg
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EOF
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```
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4. Create image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg
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menu background splash.png
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menu color title * #FFFFFFFF *
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menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none
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menu color sel * #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
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menu color hotsel 1;7;37;40 #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
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menu color tabmsg * #ffffffff #00000000 *
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menu color help 37;40 #ffdddd00 #00000000 none
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menu vshift 12
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menu rows 10
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menu helpmsgrow 15
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# The command line must be at least one line from the bottom.
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menu cmdlinerow 16
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menu timeoutrow 16
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menu tabmsgrow 18
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menu tabmsg Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry
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EOF
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```
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5. Create image/isolinux/txt.cfg
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/txt.cfg
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default live
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label live
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menu label ^Try Ubuntu without installing
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kernel /casper/vmlinuz
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append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
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label live-install
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menu label ^Install Ubuntu
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kernel /casper/vmlinuz
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append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
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label check
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menu label ^Check disc for defects
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kernel /casper/vmlinuz
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append boot=casper integrity-check initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
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label memtest
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menu label Test ^memory
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kernel /install/memtest
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EOF
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```
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## Create manifest
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Generate manifest
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```
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sudo chroot chroot dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' | sudo tee image/casper/filesystem.manifest
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sudo cp -v image/casper/filesystem.manifest image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
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sudo sed -i '/ubiquity/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
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sudo sed -i '/casper/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
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sudo sed -i '/discover/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
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sudo sed -i '/laptop-detect/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
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sudo sed -i '/os-prober/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
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```
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## Compress the chroot
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Create squashfs
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```
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sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs
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```
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3. Write the filesystem.size
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```
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printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size=1 chroot | cut -f1) > image/casper/filesystem.size
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```
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## Create diskdefines
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Create file image/README.diskdefines
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/README.diskdefines
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#define DISKNAME Ubuntu from scratch
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#define TYPE binary
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#define TYPEbinary 1
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#define ARCH amd64
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#define ARCHamd64 1
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#define DISKNUM 1
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#define DISKNUM1 1
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#define TOTALNUM 0
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#define TOTALNUM0 1
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EOF
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```
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## Recognition as an Ubuntu from scratch
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Create an empty file named "ubuntu" and a hidden ".disk" folder.
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```
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touch image/ubuntu
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mkdir image/.disk
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```
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## Calculate MD5
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Generate md5sum.txt
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```
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sudo /bin/bash -c "(cd image && find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v "\./md5sum.txt" > md5sum.txt)"
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```
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## Create ISO Image for a LiveCD
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1. Access image directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/image
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```
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2. Create iso from the image directory using the command-line
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```
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sudo genisoimage -D -r \
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-V "Ubuntu from scratch" \
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-cache-inodes -J -l \
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-b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
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-c isolinux/boot.cat \
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-no-emul-boot \
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-boot-load-size 4 \
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-boot-info-table -o ../ubuntu-from-scratch.iso .
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```
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