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live-custom-ubuntu-from-scratch
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live-custom-ubuntu-from-scr.../README.md

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Create live custom Ubuntu from scratch

Prerequisites (GNU/Linux Debian/Ubuntu)

Install applications we need to build the environment.

sudo apt-get install \
    debootstrap \
    squashfs-tools \
    genisoimage \
    syslinux \
    isolinux

mkdir $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

Bootstrap and Configure Ubuntu

sudo debootstrap \
    --arch=amd64 \
    --variant=minbase \
    bionic \
    $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot \
    http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/

sudo mount --bind /dev $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev

sudo mount --bind /run $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run

Access chroot environment

sudo chroot $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot

  1. Configure mount points

    mount none -t proc /proc

mount none -t sysfs /sys

mount none -t devpts /dev/pts

export HOME=/root

export LC_ALL=C

  2. Set a custom hostname

    echo "ubuntu-live" > /etc/hostname

  3. Configure apt sources.list

    cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse    
EOF

  4. Update indexes packages

    apt-get update

  5. Install systemd

    apt-get install -y systemd-sysv

  6. Configure machine-id and divert

    dbus-uuidgen > /var/lib/dbus/machine-id

dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl

ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl

  7. Install packages needed for Live System

    apt-get install -y \
    ubuntu-standard \
    casper \
    lupin-casper \
    discover \
    laptop-detect \
    os-prober \
    network-manager \
    resolvconf \
    net-tools \
    wireless-tools \
    wpagui \
    locales \
    linux-generic

  8. Graphical installer

    apt-get install -y \
    ubiquity \
    ubiquity-casper \
    ubiquity-frontend-gtk \
    ubiquity-slideshow-ubuntu \
    ubiquity-ubuntu-artwork

  9. Install window manager

    apt-get install -y \
    plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo \
    ubuntu-gnome-desktop \
    ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers

  10. Install usefull applications

    apt-get install -y \
    clamav-daemon \
    terminator \
    apt-transport-https \
    curl \
    vim \
    nano

  11. Install Visual Studio Code

    1. Download and install the key

      curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > microsoft.gpg

install -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/

echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list

rm microsoft.gpg

    2. Then update the package cache and install the package using:

      apt-get update

apt-get install -y code

  12. Install Google Chrome

    1. Download and install the key

      wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

    2. Add the key to the repository

      echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list

    3. Finally, Update repository and install Google Chrome.

      apt-get update

apt-get install google-chrome-stable

  13. Install Java JDK 8

    apt-get install -y \
    openjdk-8-jdk \
    openjdk-8-jre

  14. Remove unused applications

    apt-get purge -y \
    transmission-gtk \
    transmission-common \
    gnome-mahjongg \
    gnome-mines \
    gnome-sudoku \
    aisleriot \
    hitori

  15. Remove unused packages

    apt-get autoremove -y

  16. Reconfigure packages

    1. Generate locales

      dpkg-reconfigure locales

    2. Reconfigure resolvconf

      dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf

    3. Configure network-manager

      cat <<EOF > /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
[main]
rc-manager=resolvconf
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
dns=dnsmasq

[ifupdown]
managed=false
EOF

    4. Reconfigure network-manager

      dpkg-reconfigure network-manager

  17. Cleanup the chroot environment

    1. If you installed software, be sure to run

      rm /var/lib/dbus/machine-id

    2. Remove the diversion

      rm /sbin/initctl

dpkg-divert --rename --remove /sbin/initctl

    3. Clean up

      apt-get clean

rm -rf /tmp/* ~/.bash_history

umount /proc

umount /sys

umount /dev/pts

export HISTSIZE=0

exit

Unbind mount points

sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev

sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run

Create the CD image directory and populate it

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Create directories

    mkdir -p image/{casper,isolinux,install}

  3. Copy kernel images

    sudo cp chroot/boot/vmlinuz-**-**-generic image/casper/vmlinuz

sudo cp chroot/boot/initrd.img-**-**-generic image/casper/initrd

  4. Copy isolinux and memtest binaries

    sudo cp /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin image/isolinux/

sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/{chain,gfxboot,ldlinux,libutil,libcom32,vesamenu}.c32 image/isolinux/

sudo cp chroot/boot/memtest86+.bin image/install/memtest

Boot Instructions

  1. Splash screen

    1. Access build directory

      cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

    2. Create image 640x480 in png format (splash.png)


    3. Copy image

      sudo cp splash.png image/isolinux/

  2. Boot-loader configuration

    1. Access build directory

      cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

    2. Create image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg

      cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
path 
include menu.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 50
EOF

    3. Create image/isolinux/menu.cfg

      cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/menu.cfg
menu hshift 13
menu width 49
menu margin 8

menu title Installer boot menu
include stdmenu.cfg
include txt.cfg
EOF

    4. Create image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg

      cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg
menu background splash.png
menu color title	    * #FFFFFFFF *
menu color border	* #00000000 #00000000 none
menu color sel		* #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
menu color hotsel	1;7;37;40 #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
menu color tabmsg	* #ffffffff #00000000 *
menu color help		37;40 #ffdddd00 #00000000 none
menu vshift 12
menu rows 10
menu helpmsgrow 15
# The command line must be at least one line from the bottom.
menu cmdlinerow 16
menu timeoutrow 16
menu tabmsgrow 18
menu tabmsg Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry
EOF

    5. Create image/isolinux/txt.cfg

      cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/txt.cfg
default live
label live
    menu label ^Try Ubuntu without installing
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz
    append boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
label live-install
    menu label ^Install Ubuntu
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz
    append boot=casper only-ubiquity initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
label check
    menu label ^Check disc for defects
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz
    append boot=casper integrity-check initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
label memtest
    menu label Test ^memory
    kernel /install/memtest
EOF

Create manifest

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Generate manifest

    sudo chroot chroot dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' | sudo tee image/casper/filesystem.manifest

sudo cp -v image/casper/filesystem.manifest image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/ubiquity/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/casper/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/discover/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/laptop-detect/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/os-prober/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

Compress the chroot

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Create squashfs

    sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs

  3. Write the filesystem.size

    printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size=1 chroot | cut -f1) > image/casper/filesystem.size

Create diskdefines

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Create file image/README.diskdefines

    cat <<EOF > image/README.diskdefines
#define DISKNAME  Ubuntu from scratch
#define TYPE  binary
#define TYPEbinary  1
#define ARCH  amd64
#define ARCHamd64  1
#define DISKNUM  1
#define DISKNUM1  1
#define TOTALNUM  0
#define TOTALNUM0  1
EOF

Recognition as an Ubuntu from scratch

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Create an empty file named "ubuntu" and a hidden ".disk" folder.

    touch image/ubuntu

mkdir image/.disk

Calculate MD5

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Generate md5sum.txt

    sudo /bin/bash -c "(cd image && find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v "\./md5sum.txt" > md5sum.txt)"

Create ISO Image for a LiveCD

  1. Access image directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/image

  2. Create iso from the image directory using the command-line

    sudo genisoimage -D -r \
    -V "Ubuntu from scratch" \
    -cache-inodes -J -l \
    -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
    -c isolinux/boot.cat \
    -no-emul-boot \
    -boot-load-size 4 \
    -boot-info-table -o ../ubuntu-from-scratch.iso .