473 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
473 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# Live custom Ubuntu from scratch
|
||
|
||
## Prerequisites (GNU/Linux Debian/Ubuntu)
|
||
|
||
Install applications we need to build the environment.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo apt-get install \
|
||
debootstrap \
|
||
squashfs-tools \
|
||
genisoimage \
|
||
syslinux \
|
||
isolinux
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
mkdir $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Bootstrap and Configure Ubuntu
|
||
```
|
||
sudo debootstrap \
|
||
--arch=amd64 \
|
||
--variant=minbase \
|
||
bionic \
|
||
$HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot \
|
||
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo mount --bind /dev $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev
|
||
|
||
sudo mount --bind /run $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Access chroot environment
|
||
```
|
||
sudo chroot $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
1. **Configure mount points**
|
||
```
|
||
mount none -t proc /proc
|
||
|
||
mount none -t sysfs /sys
|
||
|
||
mount none -t devpts /dev/pts
|
||
|
||
export HOME=/root
|
||
|
||
export LC_ALL=C
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. **Set a custom hostname**
|
||
```
|
||
echo "ubuntu-live" > /etc/hostname
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. **Configure apt sources.list**
|
||
```
|
||
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
|
||
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
|
||
|
||
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
|
||
|
||
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
|
||
EOF
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
4. **Update indexes packages**
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get update
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
5. **Install systemd**
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get install -y systemd-sysv
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
5. **Configure machine-id and divert**
|
||
```
|
||
dbus-uuidgen > /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
|
||
|
||
dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl
|
||
|
||
ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
6. **Install packages needed for Live System**
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get install -y \
|
||
ubuntu-standard \
|
||
casper \
|
||
lupin-casper \
|
||
discover \
|
||
laptop-detect \
|
||
os-prober \
|
||
network-manager \
|
||
net-tools \
|
||
wireless-tools \
|
||
wpagui \
|
||
locales \
|
||
linux-generic
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
7. **Generate locales**
|
||
```
|
||
dpkg-reconfigure locales
|
||
```
|
||
> **Select option all**
|
||
|
||
8. **Graphical installer**
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get install -y \
|
||
ubiquity \
|
||
ubiquity-casper \
|
||
ubiquity-frontend-gtk \
|
||
ubiquity-slideshow-ubuntu \
|
||
ubiquity-ubuntu-artwork
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
9. **Install window manager**
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get install -y \
|
||
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo \
|
||
ubuntu-gnome-desktop \
|
||
ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
10. **Install usefull applications**
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get install -y \
|
||
clamav-daemon \
|
||
terminator \
|
||
apt-transport-https \
|
||
curl \
|
||
vim \
|
||
nano
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
11. **Install Visual Studio Code**
|
||
|
||
1. Download and install the key
|
||
```
|
||
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > microsoft.gpg
|
||
|
||
install -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
|
||
|
||
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list
|
||
|
||
rm microsoft.gpg
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Then update the package cache and install the package using:
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get update
|
||
|
||
apt-get install -y code
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
12. **Install Google Chrome**
|
||
|
||
1. Download and install the key
|
||
```
|
||
wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Add the key to the repository
|
||
```
|
||
echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. Finally, Update repository and install Google Chrome.
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get update
|
||
|
||
apt-get install google-chrome-stable
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
13. **Install Java JDK 8**
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get install -y \
|
||
openjdk-8-jdk \
|
||
openjdk-8-jre
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
14. **Remove unused applications**
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get purge -y \
|
||
transmission-gtk \
|
||
transmission-common \
|
||
gnome-mahjongg \
|
||
gnome-mines \
|
||
gnome-sudoku \
|
||
aisleriot \
|
||
hitori
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
15. **Remove unused packages**
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get autoremove -y
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
16. **Cleanup the chroot environment**
|
||
|
||
1. If you installed software, be sure to run
|
||
```
|
||
rm /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Remove the diversion
|
||
```
|
||
rm /sbin/initctl
|
||
|
||
dpkg-divert --rename --remove /sbin/initctl
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. Clean up
|
||
```
|
||
apt-get clean
|
||
|
||
rm -rf /tmp/* ~/.bash_history
|
||
|
||
rm /etc/resolv.conf
|
||
|
||
umount /proc
|
||
|
||
umount /sys
|
||
|
||
umount /dev/pts
|
||
|
||
export HISTSIZE=0
|
||
|
||
exit
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Unbind mount points
|
||
```
|
||
sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev
|
||
|
||
sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Create the CD image directory and populate it
|
||
|
||
1. Access build directory
|
||
```
|
||
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Create directories
|
||
```
|
||
mkdir -p image/{casper,isolinux,install}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Copy kernel images
|
||
```
|
||
sudo cp chroot/boot/vmlinuz-**-**-generic image/casper/vmlinuz
|
||
|
||
sudo cp chroot/boot/initrd.img-**-**-generic image/casper/initrd
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. Copy isolinux and memtest binaries
|
||
```
|
||
sudo cp /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin image/isolinux/
|
||
|
||
sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/{chain,gfxboot,ldlinux,libutil,libcom32,vesamenu}.c32 image/isolinux/
|
||
|
||
sudo cp chroot/boot/memtest86+.bin image/install/memtest
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Boot Instructions
|
||
|
||
1. **Splash screen**
|
||
|
||
1. Access build directory
|
||
```
|
||
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Create image 640x480 in png format (splash.png)
|
||
|
||
<p align="center">
|
||
<img src="image/splash.png"><br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
3. Move image
|
||
```
|
||
sudo mv splash.png image/isolinux/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. **Boot-loader configuration**
|
||
|
||
1. Access build directory
|
||
```
|
||
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Create image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
|
||
```
|
||
cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
|
||
path
|
||
include menu.cfg
|
||
default vesamenu.c32
|
||
prompt 0
|
||
timeout 50
|
||
EOF
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. Create image/isolinux/menu.cfg
|
||
```
|
||
cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/menu.cfg
|
||
menu hshift 13
|
||
menu width 49
|
||
menu margin 8
|
||
|
||
menu title Installer boot menu
|
||
include stdmenu.cfg
|
||
include txt.cfg
|
||
EOF
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
4. Create image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg
|
||
```
|
||
cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg
|
||
menu background splash.png
|
||
menu color title * #FFFFFFFF *
|
||
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none
|
||
menu color sel * #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
|
||
menu color hotsel 1;7;37;40 #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
|
||
menu color tabmsg * #ffffffff #00000000 *
|
||
menu color help 37;40 #ffdddd00 #00000000 none
|
||
menu vshift 12
|
||
menu rows 10
|
||
menu helpmsgrow 15
|
||
# The command line must be at least one line from the bottom.
|
||
menu cmdlinerow 16
|
||
menu timeoutrow 16
|
||
menu tabmsgrow 18
|
||
menu tabmsg Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry
|
||
EOF
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
5. Create image/isolinux/txt.cfg
|
||
```
|
||
cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/txt.cfg
|
||
default live
|
||
label live
|
||
menu label ^Try Ubuntu without installing
|
||
kernel /casper/vmlinuz
|
||
append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
|
||
label live-install
|
||
menu label ^Install Ubuntu
|
||
kernel /casper/vmlinuz
|
||
append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
|
||
label check
|
||
menu label ^Check disc for defects
|
||
kernel /casper/vmlinuz
|
||
append boot=casper integrity-check initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
|
||
label memtest
|
||
menu label Test ^memory
|
||
kernel /install/memtest
|
||
EOF
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Create manifest
|
||
|
||
1. Access build directory
|
||
```
|
||
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Generate manifest
|
||
```
|
||
sudo chroot chroot dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' | sudo tee image/casper/filesystem.manifest
|
||
|
||
sudo cp -v image/casper/filesystem.manifest image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
||
|
||
sudo sed -i '/ubiquity/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
||
|
||
sudo sed -i '/casper/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
||
|
||
sudo sed -i '/discover/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
||
|
||
sudo sed -i '/laptop-detect/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
||
|
||
sudo sed -i '/os-prober/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Compress the chroot
|
||
|
||
1. Access build directory
|
||
```
|
||
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Create squashfs
|
||
```
|
||
sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. Write the filesystem.size
|
||
```
|
||
printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size=1 chroot | cut -f1) > image/casper/filesystem.size
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Create diskdefines
|
||
|
||
1. Access build directory
|
||
```
|
||
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Create file image/README.diskdefines
|
||
```
|
||
cat <<EOF > image/README.diskdefines
|
||
#define DISKNAME Ubuntu from scratch
|
||
#define TYPE binary
|
||
#define TYPEbinary 1
|
||
#define ARCH amd64
|
||
#define ARCHamd64 1
|
||
#define DISKNUM 1
|
||
#define DISKNUM1 1
|
||
#define TOTALNUM 0
|
||
#define TOTALNUM0 1
|
||
EOF
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Recognition as an Ubuntu from scratch
|
||
|
||
1. Access build directory
|
||
```
|
||
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Create an empty file named "ubuntu" and a hidden ".disk" folder.
|
||
```
|
||
touch image/ubuntu
|
||
|
||
mkdir image/.disk
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Calculate MD5
|
||
|
||
1. Access build directory
|
||
```
|
||
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Generate md5sum.txt
|
||
```
|
||
sudo /bin/bash -c "(cd image && find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v "\./md5sum.txt" > md5sum.txt)"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Create ISO Image for a LiveCD
|
||
|
||
1. Access image directory
|
||
```
|
||
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/image
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. Create iso from the image directory using the command-line
|
||
```
|
||
sudo genisoimage -D -r \
|
||
-V "Ubuntu from scratch" \
|
||
-cache-inodes -J -l \
|
||
-b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
|
||
-c isolinux/boot.cat \
|
||
-no-emul-boot \
|
||
-boot-load-size 4 \
|
||
-boot-info-table -o ../ubuntu-from-scratch.iso .
|
||
```
|