10 KiB

Raw Blame History

Live custom Ubuntu from scratch

Prerequisites (GNU/Linux Debian/Ubuntu)

Install applications we need to build the environment.

sudo apt-get install \
    debootstrap \
    squashfs-tools \
    genisoimage \
    syslinux \
    isolinux

mkdir $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

Bootstrap and Configure Ubuntu

sudo debootstrap \
    --arch=amd64 \
    --variant=minbase \
    bionic \
    $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot \
    http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/

sudo mount --bind /dev $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev

sudo mount --bind /run $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run

Access chroot environment

sudo chroot $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot

Configure mount points

mount none -t proc /proc

mount none -t sysfs /sys

mount none -t devpts /dev/pts

export HOME=/root

export LC_ALL=C

Set a custom hostname
```
echo "ubuntu-live" > /etc/hostname
```

Configure apt sources.list

cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
EOF

Update indexes packages
```
apt-get update
```
Install systemd
```
apt-get install -y systemd-sysv
```

Configure machine-id and divert

dbus-uuidgen > /var/lib/dbus/machine-id

dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl

ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl

Install packages needed for Live System

apt-get install -y \
    ubuntu-standard \
    casper \
    lupin-casper \
    discover \
    laptop-detect \
    os-prober \
    network-manager \
    net-tools \
    wireless-tools \
    wpagui \
    locales \
    linux-generic

Generate locales
```
dpkg-reconfigure locales
```
Select option all

Graphical installer

apt-get install -y \
    ubiquity \
    ubiquity-casper \
    ubiquity-frontend-gtk \
    ubiquity-slideshow-ubuntu \
    ubiquity-ubuntu-artwork

Install window manager

apt-get install -y \
    plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo \
    ubuntu-gnome-desktop \
    ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers

Install usefull applications

apt-get install -y \
    clamav-daemon \
    terminator \
    apt-transport-https \
    curl \
    vim \
    nano

Install Visual Studio Code

Download and install the key

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > microsoft.gpg

install -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/

echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list

rm microsoft.gpg

Then update the package cache and install the package using:
```
apt-get update

apt-get install -y code
```

Install Google Chrome

Download and install the key

wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

Add the key to the repository

echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list

Finally, Update repository and install Google Chrome.

apt-get update

apt-get install google-chrome-stable

Install Java JDK 8

apt-get install -y \
    openjdk-8-jdk \
    openjdk-8-jre

Remove unused applications

apt-get purge -y \
    transmission-gtk \
    transmission-common \
    gnome-mahjongg \
    gnome-mines \
    gnome-sudoku \
    aisleriot \
    hitori

Remove unused packages
```
apt-get autoremove -y
```

Cleanup the chroot environment

If you installed software, be sure to run
```
rm /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
```

Remove the diversion

rm /sbin/initctl

dpkg-divert --rename --remove /sbin/initctl

Clean up

apt-get clean

rm -rf /tmp/* ~/.bash_history

umount /proc

umount /sys

umount /dev/pts

export HISTSIZE=0

exit

Unbind mount points

sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev

sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run

Create the CD image directory and populate it

Access build directory
```
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
```

Create directories

mkdir -p image/{casper,isolinux,install}

Copy kernel images

sudo cp chroot/boot/vmlinuz-**-**-generic image/casper/vmlinuz

sudo cp chroot/boot/initrd.img-**-**-generic image/casper/initrd

Copy isolinux and memtest binaries

sudo cp /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin image/isolinux/

sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/{chain,gfxboot,ldlinux,libutil,libcom32,vesamenu}.c32 image/isolinux/

sudo cp chroot/boot/memtest86+.bin image/install/memtest

Boot Instructions

Splash screen
1. Access build directory
```
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
```
2. Create image 640x480 in png format (splash.png)
3. Move image
```
sudo mv splash.png image/isolinux/
```

Boot-loader configuration

Access build directory
```
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
```

Create image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg

cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
path 
include menu.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 50
EOF

Create image/isolinux/menu.cfg

cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/menu.cfg
menu hshift 13
menu width 49
menu margin 8

menu title Installer boot menu
include stdmenu.cfg
include txt.cfg
EOF

Create image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg

cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg
menu background splash.png
menu color title	    * #FFFFFFFF *
menu color border	* #00000000 #00000000 none
menu color sel		* #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
menu color hotsel	1;7;37;40 #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
menu color tabmsg	* #ffffffff #00000000 *
menu color help		37;40 #ffdddd00 #00000000 none
menu vshift 12
menu rows 10
menu helpmsgrow 15
# The command line must be at least one line from the bottom.
menu cmdlinerow 16
menu timeoutrow 16
menu tabmsgrow 18
menu tabmsg Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry
EOF

Create image/isolinux/txt.cfg

cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/txt.cfg
default live
label live
    menu label ^Try Ubuntu without installing
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz
    append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
label live-install
    menu label ^Install Ubuntu
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz
    append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
label check
    menu label ^Check disc for defects
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz
    append  boot=casper integrity-check initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
label memtest
    menu label Test ^memory
    kernel /install/memtest
EOF

Create manifest

Access build directory
```
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
```

Generate manifest

sudo chroot chroot dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' | sudo tee image/casper/filesystem.manifest

sudo cp -v image/casper/filesystem.manifest image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/ubiquity/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/casper/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/discover/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/laptop-detect/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

sudo sed -i '/os-prober/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

Compress the chroot

Access build directory
```
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
```

Create squashfs

sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs

Write the filesystem.size

printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size=1 chroot | cut -f1) > image/casper/filesystem.size

Create diskdefines

Access build directory
```
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
```

Create file image/README.diskdefines

cat <<EOF > image/README.diskdefines
#define DISKNAME  Ubuntu from scratch
#define TYPE  binary
#define TYPEbinary  1
#define ARCH  amd64
#define ARCHamd64  1
#define DISKNUM  1
#define DISKNUM1  1
#define TOTALNUM  0
#define TOTALNUM0  1
EOF

Recognition as an Ubuntu from scratch

Access build directory
```
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
```
Create an empty file named "ubuntu" and a hidden ".disk" folder.
```
touch image/ubuntu

mkdir image/.disk
```

Calculate MD5

Access build directory
```
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
```

Generate md5sum.txt

sudo /bin/bash -c "(cd image && find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v "\./md5sum.txt" > md5sum.txt)"

Create ISO Image for a LiveCD

Access image directory

cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/image

Create iso from the image directory using the command-line

sudo genisoimage -D -r \
    -V "Ubuntu from scratch" \
    -cache-inodes -J -l \
    -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
    -c isolinux/boot.cat \
    -no-emul-boot \
    -boot-load-size 4 \
    -boot-info-table -o ../ubuntu-from-scratch.iso .

10 KiB Raw Blame History Unescape Escape