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live-custom-ubuntu-from-scr.../README.md

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Live custom Ubuntu from scratch

Prerequisites (GNU/Linux Debian/Ubuntu)

Install applications we need to build the environment.

sudo apt-get install \
    debootstrap \
    squashfs-tools \
    genisoimage \
    syslinux \
    syslinux-utils \
    imagemagick \
    isolinux

mkdir $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

Bootstrap and Configure Ubuntu

sudo debootstrap \
    --arch=amd64 \
    --variant=minbase \
    bionic \
    $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot \
    http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/

sudo mount --bind /dev $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev

sudo mount --bind /run $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run

Access chroot environment

sudo chroot $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot

  1. Configure mount points

    mount none -t proc /proc

mount none -t sysfs /sys

mount none -t devpts /dev/pts

export HOME=/root

export LC_ALL=C

  2. Set a custom hostname

    echo "ubuntu-live" > /etc/hostname

  3. Configure apt sources.list

    Edit /etc/apt/source.list

    cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
EOF

  4. Upgrade packages if you want

    apt-get update

apt-get -y upgrade

  5. Install and configure dbus

    apt-get install -y systemd-sysv

apt-get install -y dbus

    dbus-uuidgen > /var/lib/dbus/machine-id

dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl

ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl

  6. Install packages needed for Live System

    apt-get install -y \
    ubuntu-standard \
    casper \
    lupin-casper \
    discover \
    laptop-detect \
    os-prober \
    network-manager \
    linux-generic

  7. Graphical installer

    apt-get install -y \
    ubiquity \
    ubiquity-casper \
    ubiquity-frontend-gtk \
    ubiquity-slideshow-ubuntu \
    ubiquity-ubuntu-artwork

  8. Install window manager

    apt-get install -y \
    plymouth-theme-ubuntu-gnome-logo \
    ubuntu-gnome-desktop \
    ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers

  9. Install usefull applications

    apt-get install -y \
    clamav-daemon \
    terminator \
    apt-transport-https \
    curl \
    vim \
    nano

  10. Install Visual Studio Code

    1. Download and install the key

      curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > microsoft.gpg

install -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/

echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list

rm microsoft.gpg

    2. Then update the package cache and install the package using:

      apt-get update

apt-get install -y code

  11. Install Google Chrome

    1. Download and install the key

      wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

    2. Add the key to the repository

      echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list

    3. Finally, Update repository and install Google Chrome.

      apt-get update

apt-get install google-chrome-stable

  12. Install Java JDK 8

    apt-get install -y \
    openjdk-8-jdk \
    openjdk-8-jre

  13. Remove unused applications

    apt-get purge -y \
    transmission-gtk \
    transmission-common \
    gnome-mahjongg \
    gnome-mines \
    gnome-sudoku \
    aisleriot \
    hitori

  14. Remove unused packages

    apt-get autoremove -y

  15. Cleanup the chroot environment

    1. If you installed software, be sure to run

      rm /var/lib/dbus/machine-id

    2. Remove the diversion

      rm /sbin/initctl

dpkg-divert --rename --remove /sbin/initctl

    3. Clean up

      apt-get clean

rm -rf /tmp/*

rm /etc/resolv.conf

umount /proc

umount /sys

umount /dev/pts

exit

Unbind mount points

sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev

sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run

Create the CD image directory and populate it

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Create directories

    mkdir -p image/{casper,isolinux,install}

  3. Copy kernel images

    sudo cp chroot/boot/vmlinuz-**-**-generic image/casper/vmlinuz

sudo cp chroot/boot/initrd.img-**-**-generic image/casper/initrd.gz

  4. Copy isolinux and memtest binaries

    sudo cp /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin image/isolinux/

sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/{chain,gfxboot,ldlinux,libutil,libcom32,vesamenu}.c32 image/isolinux/

sudo cp chroot/boot/memtest86+.bin image/install/memtest

Boot Instructions

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Create image/isolinux.txt

    cat <<EOF > image/isolinux.txt
splash.rle
************************************************************************

This is an Ubuntu from scratch Live CD.

For the default live system, enter "live".  To run memtest86+, enter "memtest"

************************************************************************
EOF

Splash screen

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Create image 640x480 in png format (splash.png)

  3. Convert png image to ppm (indexed 16 colors)

    convert +dither -colors 16 splash.png splash.ppm

  4. Convert ppm to rle

    ppmtolss16 '#ffffff=7' < splash.ppm > splash.rle

  5. Move image

    sudo mv splash.rle image/

Boot-loader configuration

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Create image/isolinux.cfg

    cat <<EOF > image/isolinux.cfg
path 
include menu.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 50
EOF

  3. Create image/menu.cfg

    cat <<EOF > image/menu.cfg
menu hshift 13
menu width 49
menu margin 8

menu title Installer boot menu
include txt.cfg

  4. Create image/txt.cfg

    cat <<EOF > image/txt.cfg
default live
label live
    menu label ^Try Ubuntu from scratch without installing
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz
    append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
label live-install
    menu label ^Install Ubuntu from scratch
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz
    append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
label check
    menu label ^Check disc for defects
    kernel /casper/vmlinuz
    append  boot=casper integrity-check initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
label memtest
    menu label Test ^memory
    kernel /install/memtest
EOF

Create manifest

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Generate manifest

    sudo chroot chroot dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' | sudo tee image/casper/filesystem.manifest

sudo cp -v image/casper/filesystem.manifest image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

REMOVE='ubiquity ubiquity-frontend-gtk ubiquity-frontend-kde casper lupin-casper live-initramfs user-setup discover1 xresprobe os-prober libdebian-installer4'

for i in $REMOVE
do
    sudo sed -i "/${i}/d" image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
done

Compress the chroot

  1. Access build directory

    cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch

  2. Create squashfs

    sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs

  3. Write the filesystem.size

    printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size=1 chroot | cut -f1) > image/casper/filesystem.size