488 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
488 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# How to create custom Ubuntu live from scratch
|
|
|
|
## Prerequisites (GNU/Linux Debian/Ubuntu)
|
|
|
|
Install applications we need to build the environment.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
sudo apt-get install \
|
|
debootstrap \
|
|
squashfs-tools \
|
|
xorriso \
|
|
grub-pc-bin \
|
|
grub-efi-amd64-bin \
|
|
mtools
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
mkdir $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Bootstrap and Configure Ubuntu
|
|
```
|
|
sudo debootstrap \
|
|
--arch=amd64 \
|
|
--variant=minbase \
|
|
bionic \
|
|
$HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot \
|
|
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
sudo mount --bind /dev $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev
|
|
|
|
sudo mount --bind /run $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Access chroot environment
|
|
```
|
|
sudo chroot $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. **Configure mount points**
|
|
```
|
|
mount none -t proc /proc
|
|
|
|
mount none -t sysfs /sys
|
|
|
|
mount none -t devpts /dev/pts
|
|
|
|
export HOME=/root
|
|
|
|
export LC_ALL=C
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. **Set a custom hostname**
|
|
```
|
|
echo "ubuntu-live" > /etc/hostname
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
3. **Configure apt sources.list**
|
|
```
|
|
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
|
|
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
|
|
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
|
|
|
|
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
|
|
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
|
|
|
|
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
|
|
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
|
|
EOF
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
4. **Update indexes packages**
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get update
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
5. **Install systemd**
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get install -y systemd-sysv
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
5. **Configure machine-id and divert**
|
|
```
|
|
dbus-uuidgen > /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
|
|
|
|
dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl
|
|
|
|
ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl
|
|
|
|
ln -fs /var/lib/dbus/machine-id /etc/machine-id
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
6. **Install packages needed for Live System**
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get install -y \
|
|
ubuntu-standard \
|
|
casper \
|
|
lupin-casper \
|
|
discover \
|
|
laptop-detect \
|
|
os-prober \
|
|
network-manager \
|
|
resolvconf \
|
|
net-tools \
|
|
wireless-tools \
|
|
wpagui \
|
|
locales \
|
|
linux-generic
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
7. **Graphical installer**
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get install -y \
|
|
ubiquity \
|
|
ubiquity-casper \
|
|
ubiquity-frontend-gtk \
|
|
ubiquity-slideshow-ubuntu \
|
|
ubiquity-ubuntu-artwork
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
8. **Install window manager**
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get install -y \
|
|
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo \
|
|
ubuntu-gnome-desktop \
|
|
ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
9. **Install usefull applications**
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get install -y \
|
|
clamav-daemon \
|
|
terminator \
|
|
apt-transport-https \
|
|
curl \
|
|
vim \
|
|
nano
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
10. **Install Visual Studio Code**
|
|
|
|
1. Download and install the key
|
|
```
|
|
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > microsoft.gpg
|
|
|
|
install -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
|
|
|
|
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list
|
|
|
|
rm microsoft.gpg
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Then update the package cache and install the package using:
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get update
|
|
|
|
apt-get install -y code
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
11. **Install Google Chrome**
|
|
|
|
1. Download and install the key
|
|
```
|
|
wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Add the key to the repository
|
|
```
|
|
echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
3. Finally, Update repository and install Google Chrome.
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get update
|
|
|
|
apt-get install google-chrome-stable
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
12. **Install Java JDK 8**
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get install -y \
|
|
openjdk-8-jdk \
|
|
openjdk-8-jre
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
13. **Remove unused applications**
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get purge -y \
|
|
transmission-gtk \
|
|
transmission-common \
|
|
gnome-mahjongg \
|
|
gnome-mines \
|
|
gnome-sudoku \
|
|
aisleriot \
|
|
hitori
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
14. **Remove unused packages**
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get autoremove -y
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
15. **Reconfigure packages**
|
|
|
|
1. **Generate locales**
|
|
```
|
|
dpkg-reconfigure locales
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. **Reconfigure resolvconf**
|
|
```
|
|
dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
3. **Configure network-manager**
|
|
```
|
|
cat <<EOF > /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
|
|
[main]
|
|
rc-manager=resolvconf
|
|
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
|
|
dns=dnsmasq
|
|
|
|
[ifupdown]
|
|
managed=false
|
|
EOF
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
4. **Reconfigure network-manager**
|
|
```
|
|
dpkg-reconfigure network-manager
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
15. **Cleanup the chroot environment**
|
|
|
|
1. If you installed software, be sure to run
|
|
```
|
|
rm /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Remove the diversion
|
|
```
|
|
rm /sbin/initctl
|
|
|
|
dpkg-divert --rename --remove /sbin/initctl
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
3. Clean up
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get clean
|
|
|
|
rm -rf /tmp/* ~/.bash_history
|
|
|
|
umount /proc
|
|
|
|
umount /sys
|
|
|
|
umount /dev/pts
|
|
|
|
export HISTSIZE=0
|
|
|
|
exit
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Unbind mount points
|
|
```
|
|
sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/dev
|
|
|
|
sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Create the CD image directory and populate it
|
|
|
|
1. Access build directory
|
|
```
|
|
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Create directories
|
|
```
|
|
mkdir -p image/{casper,isolinux,install}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Copy kernel images
|
|
```
|
|
sudo cp chroot/boot/vmlinuz-**-**-generic image/casper/vmlinuz
|
|
|
|
sudo cp chroot/boot/initrd.img-**-**-generic image/casper/initrd
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
3. Copy memtest binary
|
|
```
|
|
sudo cp chroot/boot/memtest86+.bin image/install/memtest
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Grub configuration
|
|
|
|
1. Access build directory
|
|
```
|
|
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Create image/isolinux/grub.cfg
|
|
```
|
|
cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/grub.cfg
|
|
|
|
search --set=root --file /ubuntu
|
|
|
|
insmod all_video
|
|
|
|
set default="0"
|
|
set timeout=30
|
|
|
|
menuentry "Try Ubuntu without installing" {
|
|
linux /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper quiet splash ---
|
|
initrd /casper/initrd
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
menuentry "Install Ubuntu" {
|
|
linux /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash ---
|
|
initrd /casper/initrd
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
menuentry "Check disc for defects" {
|
|
linux /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper integrity-check quiet splash ---
|
|
initrd /casper/initrd
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
menuentry "Test memory" {
|
|
linux /install/memtest
|
|
}
|
|
EOF
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Create manifest
|
|
|
|
1. Access build directory
|
|
```
|
|
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Generate manifest
|
|
```
|
|
sudo chroot chroot dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' | sudo tee image/casper/filesystem.manifest
|
|
|
|
sudo cp -v image/casper/filesystem.manifest image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
|
|
|
sudo sed -i '/ubiquity/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
|
|
|
sudo sed -i '/casper/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
|
|
|
sudo sed -i '/discover/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
|
|
|
sudo sed -i '/laptop-detect/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
|
|
|
sudo sed -i '/os-prober/d' image/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Compress the chroot
|
|
|
|
1. Access build directory
|
|
```
|
|
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Create squashfs
|
|
```
|
|
sudo mksquashfs chroot image/casper/filesystem.squashfs
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
3. Write the filesystem.size
|
|
```
|
|
printf $(sudo du -sx --block-size=1 chroot | cut -f1) > image/casper/filesystem.size
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Create diskdefines
|
|
|
|
1. Access build directory
|
|
```
|
|
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Create file image/README.diskdefines
|
|
```
|
|
cat <<EOF > image/README.diskdefines
|
|
#define DISKNAME Ubuntu from scratch
|
|
#define TYPE binary
|
|
#define TYPEbinary 1
|
|
#define ARCH amd64
|
|
#define ARCHamd64 1
|
|
#define DISKNUM 1
|
|
#define DISKNUM1 1
|
|
#define TOTALNUM 0
|
|
#define TOTALNUM0 1
|
|
EOF
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Recognition as an Ubuntu from scratch
|
|
|
|
1. Access build directory
|
|
```
|
|
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Create an empty file named "ubuntu" and a hidden ".disk" folder.
|
|
```
|
|
touch image/ubuntu
|
|
|
|
mkdir image/.disk
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Create ISO Image for a LiveCD (BIOS + UEFI)
|
|
|
|
1. Access image directory
|
|
```
|
|
cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/image
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
2. Create a grub UEFI image
|
|
```
|
|
grub-mkstandalone \
|
|
--format=x86_64-efi \
|
|
--output=isolinux/bootx64.efi \
|
|
--locales="" \
|
|
--fonts="" \
|
|
"boot/grub/grub.cfg=isolinux/grub.cfg"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
4. Create a FAT16 UEFI boot disk image containing the EFI bootloader
|
|
```
|
|
(
|
|
cd isolinux && \
|
|
dd if=/dev/zero of=efiboot.img bs=1M count=10 && \
|
|
sudo mkfs.vfat efiboot.img && \
|
|
mmd -i efiboot.img efi efi/boot && \
|
|
mcopy -i efiboot.img ./bootx64.efi ::efi/boot/
|
|
)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
5. Create a grub BIOS image
|
|
```
|
|
grub-mkstandalone \
|
|
--format=i386-pc \
|
|
--output=isolinux/core.img \
|
|
--install-modules="linux normal iso9660 biosdisk memdisk search tar ls" \
|
|
--modules="linux normal iso9660 biosdisk search" \
|
|
--locales="" \
|
|
--fonts="" \
|
|
"boot/grub/grub.cfg=isolinux/grub.cfg"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
6. Combine a bootable Grub cdboot.img
|
|
```
|
|
cat /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/cdboot.img isolinux/core.img > isolinux/bios.img
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
7. Generate sha256sum.txt
|
|
```
|
|
sudo /bin/bash -c "(find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sha256sum | grep -v "\./sha256sum.txt" > sha256sum.txt)"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
7. Create iso from the image directory using the command-line
|
|
```
|
|
sudo xorriso \
|
|
-as mkisofs \
|
|
-iso-level 3 \
|
|
-full-iso9660-filenames \
|
|
-volid "Ubuntu from scratch" \
|
|
-eltorito-boot \
|
|
boot/grub/bios.img \
|
|
-no-emul-boot \
|
|
-boot-load-size 4 \
|
|
-boot-info-table \
|
|
--eltorito-catalog boot/grub/boot.cat \
|
|
--grub2-boot-info \
|
|
--grub2-mbr /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/boot_hybrid.img \
|
|
-eltorito-alt-boot \
|
|
-e EFI/efiboot.img \
|
|
-no-emul-boot \
|
|
-append_partition 2 0xef isolinux/efiboot.img \
|
|
-output "../ubuntu-from-scratch.iso" \
|
|
-graft-points \
|
|
"." \
|
|
/boot/grub/bios.img=isolinux/bios.img \
|
|
/EFI/efiboot.img=isolinux/efiboot.img
|
|
```
|