chore(git): stop tracking runtime db state files

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>

.cursor/rules/submodules-led-driver-tool.mdc

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+description: Keep led-driver and led-tool git submodules in sync when updating led-controller
+alwaysApply: true
+---
+
+# Submodule pointers (`led-driver`, `led-tool`)
+
+This repo tracks **`led-driver`** and **`led-tool`** as git submodules (see `.gitmodules`).
+
+When you **update led-controller** work that should ship with matching firmware or CLI behaviour—or when you finish changes **inside** those submodule directories—**record the new submodule commits in the parent repo**:
+
+1. In each submodule, commit and push on its remote if there are local commits (or ensure the checkout is the intended revision).
+2. From the **led-controller** root: `git add led-driver led-tool` after their HEADs point at the right commits.
+3. Include the parent-repo commit that bumps the gitlinks (so CI and clones get consistent trees).
+
+**Do not** leave submodule directories dirty or forgotten while presenting the parent repo as “done”: either commit the submodule pointer update in led-controller, or leave an explicit note if the user must push submodule remotes first.
+
+If the user only asked for a submodule bump with no code edits, a single `chore(submodules): bump led-driver and led-tool` style commit is appropriate (see commit rule).

.gitignore

@@ -25,8 +25,10 @@ ENV/
 Thumbs.db
 
 # Project specific
+scripts/.led-controller-venv
 docs/.help-print.html
 settings.json
+db/
 *.log
 *.db
 *.sqlite

Pipfile

@@ -19,12 +19,14 @@ websockets = "*"
 pytest = "*"
 
 [requires]
-python_version = "3.12"
+python_version = "3.11"
 
 [scripts]
-web = "python /home/pi/led-controller/tests/web.py"
+web = "python tests/web.py"
-watch = "python -m watchfiles 'python tests/web.py' src tests"
+watch = "python -m watchfiles \"python tests/web.py\" src tests"
-install = "pipenv install"
 run = "sh -c 'cd src && python main.py'"
-dev = "watchfiles \"sh -c 'cd src && python main.py'\" src"
+dev = "python -m watchfiles \"sh -c 'cd src && python main.py'\" src"
-help-pdf = "sh scripts/build_help_pdf.sh"
+test = "python -m pytest"
+test-browser = "sh -c 'python tests/web.py > /tmp/led-controller-web.log 2>&1 & pid=$!; trap \"kill $pid\" EXIT; sleep 2; LED_CONTROLLER_RUN_BROWSER_TESTS=1 LED_CONTROLLER_DEVICE_IP=http://127.0.0.1:5000 python -m pytest tests/test_browser.py'"
+test-browser-device = "sh -c 'LED_CONTROLLER_RUN_BROWSER_TESTS=1 python -m pytest tests/test_browser.py'"
+

Pipfile.lock

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 {
     "_meta": {
         "hash": {
-            "sha256": "18691f772c7660e4a087c90560c87a9217a09e9b6db97825d21c092a06d64b89"
+            "sha256": "98da2012e549e7b62ed49a5e1717acaf535b71e8df61bf4108d25b9023be612e"
         },
         "pipfile-spec": 6,
         "requires": {
-            "python_version": "3.12"
+            "python_version": "3.11"
         },
         "sources": [
             {
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@
         },
         "certifi": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:027692e4402ad994f1c42e52a4997a9763c646b73e4096e4d5d6db8af1d6f0fa",
+                "sha256:3cb2210c8f88ba2318d29b0388d1023c8492ff72ecdde4ebdaddbb13a31b1c4a",
-                "sha256:e887ab5cee78ea814d3472169153c2d12cd43b14bd03329a39a9c6e2e80bfba7"
+                "sha256:8d455352a37b71bf76a79caa83a3d6c25afee4a385d632127b6afb3963f1c580"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
-            "version": "==2026.2.25"
+            "version": "==2026.4.22"
         },
         "cffi": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -392,73 +392,72 @@
         },
         "click": {
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+                "sha256:a2bf429bb3033c89fa4936ffb35d5cb471e3719e1f3c8a7c3fff0b8314305613"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.10'",
-            "version": "==8.3.2"
+            "version": "==8.3.3"
         },
         "cryptography": {
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-            "version": "==46.0.7"
+            "version": "==47.0.0"
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             "version": "==5.2.0"
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@@ -471,11 +470,11 @@
         },
         "idna": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:771a87f49d9defaf64091e6e6fe9c18d4833f140bd19464795bc32d966ca37ea",
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-            "version": "==3.11"
+            "version": "==3.13"
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         "intelhex": {
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@@ -502,12 +501,11 @@
         },
         "microdot": {
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+            "version": "==2.6.1"
-            "version": "==2.6.0"
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@@ -515,7 +513,6 @@
                 "sha256:fdb5626be83dff4e53c0184f8950814cb519b524dba7f1f8b1668aa477257a31"
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             "version": "==1.28.0"
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@@ -556,7 +553,6 @@
                 "sha256:c74a7a2adf861c04d002db713dd85f84beb242228e671280bf709d765b03672b"
             ],
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             "version": "==2.12.1"
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@@ -675,7 +671,6 @@
                 "sha256:4e6d1ef462f3626a1f0a0a9c42dd93c63bad33f9f1c1937509b8c5c8718ab56a"
             ],
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             "version": "==2.33.1"
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@@ -700,7 +695,6 @@
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             "version": "==4.43.0"
         },
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@@ -780,9 +774,7 @@
             "version": "==4.15.0"
         },
         "urllib3": {
-            "extras": [
+            "extras": [],
-                "socks"
-            ],
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@@ -903,7 +895,6 @@
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@@ -979,7 +970,6 @@
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@@ -1002,11 +992,11 @@
         },
         "packaging": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:00243ae351a257117b6a241061796684b084ed1c516a08c48a3f7e147a9d80b4",
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             "markers": "python_version >= '3.8'",
-            "version": "==26.0"
+            "version": "==26.2"
         },
         "pluggy": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -1030,7 +1020,6 @@
                 "sha256:b86ada508af81d19edeb213c681b1d48246c1a91d304c6c81a427674c17eb91c"
             ],
             "index": "pypi",
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.10'",
             "version": "==9.0.3"
         }
     }

db/device.json

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"188b0e1560a8": {"id": "188b0e1560a8", "name": "led-188b0e1560a8", "type": "led", "transport": "wifi", "address": "10.1.1.192", "default_pattern": null, "zones": []}, "f0f5bdfb9d30": {"id": "f0f5bdfb9d30", "name": "led-f0f5bdfb9d30", "type": "led", "transport": "wifi", "address": "10.1.1.232", "default_pattern": null, "zones": []}}

db/pattern.json

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"on": {"min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 1}, "off": {"min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 0}, "rainbow": {"n1": "Step Rate", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 0}, "colour_cycle": {"n1": "Step Rate", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "transition": {"min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "chase": {"n1": "Colour 1 Length", "n2": "Colour 2 Length", "n3": "Step 1", "n4": "Step 2", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 2}, "pulse": {"n1": "Attack", "n2": "Hold", "n3": "Decay", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "circle": {"n1": "Head Rate", "n2": "Max Length", "n3": "Tail Rate", "n4": "Min Length", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 2}, "blink": {"min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "flicker": {"n1": "Min brightness", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "flame": {"n1": "Min brightness", "n2": "Breath period (ms)", "n3": "Spark gap min (ms, 0=default 10\u201330 s, -1=off)", "n4": "Spark gap max (ms)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "twinkle": {"n1": "Twinkle activity (1\u2013255, higher = more changes)", "n2": "Density (0\u2013255, higher = more of the strip lit)", "n3": "Min adjacent LEDs per twinkle (same as max for fixed length)", "n4": "Max adjacent LEDs per twinkle (same as min for fixed length)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "radiate": {"n1": "Node spacing (LEDs)", "n2": "Out time (ms)", "n3": "In time (ms)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 2}, "meteor_rain": {"n1": "Tail length", "n2": "Speed (LEDs per frame)", "n3": "Fade amount (1-255)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "scanner": {"n1": "Eye width", "n2": "End pause (frames)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "gradient_scroll": {"n1": "Scroll step rate", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "comet_dual": {"n1": "Tail length", "n2": "Speed", "n3": "Gap", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "sparkle_trail": {"n1": "Spark density", "n2": "Decay", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "wave": {"n1": "Wavelength", "n2": "Amplitude", "n3": "Drift speed", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "plasma": {"n1": "Scale", "n2": "Speed", "n3": "Contrast", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "segment_chase": {"n1": "Segment size", "n2": "Phase step", "n3": "Segment phase offset", "n4": "Gap per segment", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "bar_graph": {"n1": "Level percent", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "breathing_dual": {"n1": "Phase offset", "n2": "Ease", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "strobe_burst": {"n1": "Burst count", "n2": "Burst gap", "n3": "Cooldown", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "rain_drops": {"n1": "Drop rate", "n2": "Ripple width", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "fireflies": {"n1": "Count", "n2": "Twinkle speed", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "clock_sweep": {"n1": "Hand width", "n2": "Marker interval", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "marquee": {"n1": "On length", "n2": "Off length", "n3": "Step", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "aurora": {"n1": "Band count", "n2": "Shimmer", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "snowfall": {"n1": "Flake density", "n2": "Fall speed", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "heartbeat": {"n1": "Pulse 1 ms", "n2": "Pulse 2 ms", "n3": "Pause ms", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "orbit": {"n1": "Orbit count", "n2": "Base speed", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "palette_morph": {"n1": "Morph ms", "n2": "Warp rate", "n3": "Turbulence", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}}
+{"on": {"min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 1}, "off": {"min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 0}, "rainbow": {"n1": "Step Rate", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 0}, "colour_cycle": {"n1": "Step Rate", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "transition": {"min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "chase": {"n1": "Colour 1 Length", "n2": "Colour 2 Length", "n3": "Step 1", "n4": "Step 2", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 2, "has_background": true}, "pulse": {"n1": "Attack", "n2": "Hold", "n3": "Decay", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10, "has_background": true}, "circle": {"n1": "Head Rate", "n2": "Max Length", "n3": "Tail Rate", "n4": "Min Length", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 2, "has_background": true}, "blink": {"min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10, "has_background": true}, "flicker": {"n1": "Min brightness", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "flame": {"n1": "Min brightness", "n2": "Breath period (ms)", "n3": "Spark gap min (ms, 0=default 10–30 s, -1=off)", "n4": "Spark gap max (ms)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "twinkle": {"n1": "Twinkle activity (1–255, higher = more changes)", "n2": "Density (0–255, higher = more of the strip lit)", "n3": "Min adjacent LEDs per twinkle (same as max for fixed length)", "n4": "Max adjacent LEDs per twinkle (same as min for fixed length)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10, "has_background": true}, "radiate": {"n1": "Node spacing (LEDs)", "n2": "Out time (ms)", "n3": "In time (ms)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 2, "has_background": true}, "meteor_rain": {"n1": "Tail length", "n2": "Speed (LEDs per frame)", "n3": "Fade amount (1-255)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "scanner": {"n1": "Eye width", "n2": "End pause (frames)", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10, "has_background": true}, "gradient_scroll": {"n1": "Scroll step rate", "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "max_colors": 10}, "comet_dual": {"n1": "Tail length", "n2": "Speed", "n3": "Gap", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "sparkle_trail": {"n1": "Spark density", "n2": "Decay", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "wave": {"n1": "Wavelength", "n2": "Amplitude", "n3": "Drift speed", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "plasma": {"n1": "Scale", "n2": "Speed", "n3": "Contrast", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "segment_chase": {"n1": "Segment size", "n2": "Phase step", "n3": "Segment phase offset", "n4": "Gap per segment", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "bar_graph": {"n1": "Level percent", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "breathing_dual": {"n1": "Phase offset", "n2": "Ease", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "strobe_burst": {"n1": "Burst count", "n2": "Burst gap", "n3": "Cooldown", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "rain_drops": {"n1": "Drop rate", "n2": "Ripple width", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "fireflies": {"n1": "Count", "n2": "Twinkle speed", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "clock_sweep": {"n1": "Hand width", "n2": "Marker interval", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "marquee": {"n1": "On length", "n2": "Off length", "n3": "Step", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "aurora": {"n1": "Band count", "n2": "Shimmer", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}, "snowfall": {"n1": "Flake density", "n2": "Fall speed", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "heartbeat": {"n1": "Pulse 1 ms", "n2": "Pulse 2 ms", "n3": "Pause ms", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "orbit": {"n1": "Orbit count", "n2": "Base speed", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000, "has_background": true}, "palette_morph": {"n1": "Morph ms", "n2": "Warp rate", "n3": "Turbulence", "max_colors": 10, "min_delay": 10, "max_delay": 10000}}

db/zone.json

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"1": {"name": "default", "names": ["led-188b0e1560a8", "led-f0f5bdfb9d30"], "presets": [["4", "2", "7"], ["3", "14", "5"], ["8", "9", "1"], ["6", "38", "42"], ["39", "40", "41"], ["43", "44", "45"], ["46", "47", "48"], ["49", "50", "51"], ["52", "53", "54"], ["55", "56", "57"], ["58", "59", "60"], ["61", "62"]], "presets_flat": ["4", "2", "7", "3", "14", "5", "8", "9", "1", "6", "38", "42", "39", "40", "41", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "60", "61", "62"], "default_preset": "41"}, "2": {"name": "default", "names": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "0", "a"], "presets": [["16", "17", "18"], ["19", "20", "21"], ["22", "23", "24"], ["25", "26", "27"], ["28", "29", "30"]], "presets_flat": ["16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30"]}, "3": {"name": "default", "names": ["1"], "presets": [], "default_preset": null}, "4": {"name": "default", "names": ["1"], "presets": [], "default_preset": null}, "5": {"name": "dj", "names": ["dj"], "presets": [["31", "32", "33"]], "default_preset": "31", "presets_flat": ["31", "32", "33"]}, "6": {"name": "default", "names": ["1"], "presets": [], "default_preset": null, "presets_flat": []}, "7": {"name": "dj", "names": ["dj"], "presets": [["34", "35", "36"]], "default_preset": "34", "presets_flat": ["34", "35", "36"]}, "8": {"name": "test", "names": ["led-188b0e1560a8"], "presets": [["1", "2", "3"], ["4", "5"]], "default_preset": "1", "presets_flat": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]}}

docs/API.md

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Profiles are selected with **`POST /profiles/<id>/apply`**, which sets `current_
 | Method | Path | Description |
 |--------|------|-------------|
 | GET | `/` | Main UI (`templates/index.html`) |
-| GET | `/settings` | Settings page (`templates/settings.html`) |
+| GET | `/settings/page` | Standalone settings page (`templates/settings.html`) |
 | GET | `/favicon.ico` | Empty response (204) |
 | GET | `/static/<path>` | Static files under `src/static/` |
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Below, `<id>` values are string identifiers used by the JSON stores (numeric str
 | PUT | `/settings/settings` | Merge keys into settings and save. Returns `{"message": "Settings updated successfully"}`. |
 | GET | `/settings/wifi/ap` | Saved Wi‑Fi AP fields: `saved_ssid`, `saved_password`, `saved_channel`, `active` (Pi: `active` is always false). |
 | POST | `/settings/wifi/ap` | Body: `ssid` (required), `password`, `channel` (1–11). Persists AP-related settings. |
-| GET | `/settings/page` | Serves `templates/settings.html` (same page as `GET /settings` from the root app, for convenience). |
+| GET | `/settings/page` | Serves `templates/settings.html`. |
 
 ### Devices — `/devices`
 

scripts/install-boot-service.sh

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@ if [ ! -f "scripts/led-controller.service" ]; then
   echo "Run this script from the repo root."
   exit 1
 fi
+export PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT="${PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT:-1}"
+if command -v pipenv >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  PY="$(command -v python3)"
+  if [ -z "$PY" ]; then
+    echo "python3 not found; install python3." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  echo "Ensuring Pipenv deps with $PY (venv in project: .venv when PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT=1)…"
+  # --skip-lock: install from Pipfile only (avoids lock/Python hash mismatches on device).
+  pipenv install --quiet --skip-lock --python "$PY"
+  pipenv --venv > scripts/.led-controller-venv
+fi
 chmod +x scripts/start.sh
 sudo cp "scripts/led-controller.service" "$UNIT_PATH"
 sudo systemctl daemon-reload

scripts/led-controller.service

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 [Unit]
 Description=LED Controller web server
-After=network-online.target
+# Use network.target only. Ordering after network-online.target can block `systemctl start`
-Wants=network-online.target
+# until wait-online finishes; Wi‑Fi/DHCP delays then look like a hung start job.
+After=network.target
 
 [Service]
 Type=simple
@@ -12,6 +13,8 @@ Environment=PATH=/home/pi/.local/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
 ExecStart=/bin/bash /home/pi/led-controller/scripts/start.sh
 Restart=on-failure
 RestartSec=5
+# pipenv/first bind can be slow; avoid misleading "activating" forever if misconfigured
+TimeoutStartSec=120
 
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target

scripts/pi-eth-lan-router.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Configure Raspberry Pi OS: Wi-Fi client on IF_WAN (default wlan0), Ethernet IF_LAN
+# (default eth0) toward an external AP. Static LAN IP, DHCP via dnsmasq, NAT masquerade.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   sudo ./pi-eth-lan-router.sh install
+#   sudo ./pi-eth-lan-router.sh remove
+#
+# Environment overrides (optional):
+#   IF_WAN=wlan0 IF_LAN=eth0 LAN_IP=192.168.4.1 LAN_PREFIX=24 \
+#   DHCP_START=192.168.4.100 DHCP_END=192.168.4.200 \
+#   DNSMASQ_DNS=1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8 \
+#   sudo ./pi-eth-lan-router.sh install
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+IF_WAN="${IF_WAN:-wlan0}"
+IF_LAN="${IF_LAN:-eth0}"
+LAN_IP="${LAN_IP:-192.168.4.1}"
+LAN_PREFIX="${LAN_PREFIX:-24}"
+DHCP_START="${DHCP_START:-192.168.4.100}"
+DHCP_END="${DHCP_END:-192.168.4.200}"
+# Comma-separated DNS for DHCP clients (Pi does not need to run a resolver).
+DNSMASQ_DNS="${DNSMASQ_DNS:-1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8}"
+
+NM_CON_NAME="pi-eth-lan-router"
+MARK_BEGIN="# BEGIN pi-eth-lan-router (scripts/pi-eth-lan-router.sh)"
+MARK_END="# END pi-eth-lan-router"
+SYSCTL_FILE="/etc/sysctl.d/99-pi-eth-lan-router.conf"
+DNSMASQ_SNIPPET="/etc/dnsmasq.d/pi-eth-lan-router.conf"
+NFT_SNIPPET="/etc/nftables.d/50-pi-eth-lan-router.nft"
+NFT_INCLUDE='include "/etc/nftables.d/50-pi-eth-lan-router.nft"'
+NFTABLES_CONF="/etc/nftables.conf"
+DHCPCD_CONF="/etc/dhcpcd.conf"
+
+die() { echo "error: $*" >&2; exit 1; }
+log() { echo "$*"; }
+
+need_root() {
+  [[ "${EUID:-0}" -eq 0 ]] || die "run as root (sudo)"
+}
+
+have_cmd() { command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; }
+
+apt_install() {
+  export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+  apt-get update -qq
+  apt-get install -y -qq dnsmasq nftables
+}
+
+write_sysctl() {
+  cat >"$SYSCTL_FILE" <<EOF
+# Managed by scripts/pi-eth-lan-router.sh
+net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
+EOF
+  sysctl --system -q 2>/dev/null || sysctl -p "$SYSCTL_FILE" || true
+}
+
+remove_sysctl() {
+  rm -f "$SYSCTL_FILE"
+  sysctl --system -q 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+write_dnsmasq() {
+  local mask="255.255.255.0"
+  if [[ "$LAN_PREFIX" != "24" ]]; then
+    die "only LAN_PREFIX=24 is supported by this script (extend dnsmasq netmask manually)"
+  fi
+  cat >"$DNSMASQ_SNIPPET" <<EOF
+# Managed by scripts/pi-eth-lan-router.sh
+interface=$IF_LAN
+bind-interfaces
+dhcp-range=$DHCP_START,$DHCP_END,$mask,24h
+dhcp-option=option:router,$LAN_IP
+dhcp-option=option:dns-server,$DNSMASQ_DNS
+EOF
+}
+
+remove_dnsmasq() {
+  rm -f "$DNSMASQ_SNIPPET"
+}
+
+write_nft() {
+  mkdir -p /etc/nftables.d
+  cat >"$NFT_SNIPPET" <<EOF
+# Managed by scripts/pi-eth-lan-router.sh
+table ip pi_eth_wlan_nat {
+	chain postrouting {
+		type nat hook postrouting priority 100; policy accept;
+		oifname "$IF_WAN" masquerade
+	}
+}
+EOF
+  if [[ -f "$NFTABLES_CONF" ]] && ! grep -qF '50-pi-eth-lan-router.nft' "$NFTABLES_CONF" 2>/dev/null; then
+    printf '\n# pi-eth-lan-router\n%s\n' "$NFT_INCLUDE" >>"$NFTABLES_CONF"
+  elif [[ ! -f "$NFTABLES_CONF" ]]; then
+    log "warning: $NFTABLES_CONF missing; NAT was not added for boot persistence. Install/configure nftables, or add: $NFT_INCLUDE"
+  fi
+}
+
+remove_nft() {
+  rm -f "$NFT_SNIPPET"
+  if [[ -f "$NFTABLES_CONF" ]]; then
+    sed -i '/# pi-eth-lan-router/d;/50-pi-eth-lan-router\.nft/d' "$NFTABLES_CONF" || true
+  fi
+  nft delete table ip pi_eth_wlan_nat 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+apply_nft() {
+  if have_cmd nft; then
+    nft delete table ip pi_eth_wlan_nat 2>/dev/null || true
+    nft -f "$NFT_SNIPPET"
+  fi
+}
+
+configure_nm_eth() {
+  have_cmd nmcli || return 1
+  systemctl is-active --quiet NetworkManager 2>/dev/null || return 1
+
+  if nmcli -t -f NAME con show --active 2>/dev/null | grep -qxF "$NM_CON_NAME"; then
+    nmcli con down "$NM_CON_NAME" || true
+  fi
+  if nmcli -t -f NAME con show 2>/dev/null | grep -qxF "$NM_CON_NAME"; then
+    nmcli con mod "$NM_CON_NAME" \
+      connection.interface-name "$IF_LAN" \
+      ipv4.method manual \
+      ipv4.addresses "${LAN_IP}/${LAN_PREFIX}" \
+      ipv4.gateway "" \
+      ipv4.dns "" \
+      ipv4.never-default yes \
+      ipv6.method ignore
+  else
+    nmcli con add type ethernet con-name "$NM_CON_NAME" ifname "$IF_LAN" \
+      ipv4.method manual \
+      ipv4.addresses "${LAN_IP}/${LAN_PREFIX}" \
+      ipv4.gateway "" \
+      ipv4.dns "" \
+      ipv4.never-default yes \
+      ipv6.method ignore
+  fi
+  if ! nmcli con up "$NM_CON_NAME"; then
+    log "warning: could not activate '$NM_CON_NAME' (is $IF_LAN connected?); profile saved for next boot."
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+remove_nm_eth() {
+  have_cmd nmcli || return 0
+  if nmcli -t -f NAME con show 2>/dev/null | grep -qxF "$NM_CON_NAME"; then
+    nmcli con delete "$NM_CON_NAME" || true
+  fi
+}
+
+configure_dhcpcd_eth() {
+  [[ -f "$DHCPCD_CONF" ]] || return 1
+  if grep -qF "$MARK_BEGIN" "$DHCPCD_CONF" 2>/dev/null; then
+    sed -i "/$MARK_BEGIN/,/$MARK_END/d" "$DHCPCD_CONF" || true
+  fi
+  {
+    echo "$MARK_BEGIN"
+    echo "interface $IF_LAN"
+    echo "static ip_address=${LAN_IP}/${LAN_PREFIX}"
+    echo "nohook wpa_supplicant"
+    echo "$MARK_END"
+  } >>"$DHCPCD_CONF"
+  systemctl restart dhcpcd 2>/dev/null || true
+  return 0
+}
+
+remove_dhcpcd_block() {
+  [[ -f "$DHCPCD_CONF" ]] || return 0
+  if grep -qF "$MARK_BEGIN" "$DHCPCD_CONF" 2>/dev/null; then
+    sed -i "/$MARK_BEGIN/,/$MARK_END/d" "$DHCPCD_CONF" || true
+    systemctl restart dhcpcd 2>/dev/null || true
+  fi
+}
+
+configure_eth_static() {
+  if configure_nm_eth; then
+    log "configured $IF_LAN via NetworkManager profile '$NM_CON_NAME'"
+    return 0
+  fi
+  if configure_dhcpcd_eth; then
+    log "configured $IF_LAN via dhcpcd ($DHCPCD_CONF)"
+    return 0
+  fi
+  die "neither NetworkManager (active) nor $DHCPCD_CONF found; set $IF_LAN to ${LAN_IP}/${LAN_PREFIX} manually"
+}
+
+remove_eth_static() {
+  remove_nm_eth
+  remove_dhcpcd_block
+}
+
+do_install() {
+  need_root
+  log "installing packages (dnsmasq, nftables)…"
+  apt_install
+
+  log "writing sysctl, dnsmasq, nftables snippets…"
+  write_sysctl
+  write_dnsmasq
+  write_nft
+
+  log "setting static IP on $IF_LAN…"
+  configure_eth_static
+
+  log "restarting dnsmasq…"
+  systemctl enable dnsmasq
+  systemctl restart dnsmasq
+
+  log "loading NAT rules and enabling nftables…"
+  apply_nft
+  systemctl enable nftables 2>/dev/null || true
+  systemctl restart nftables 2>/dev/null || true
+
+  log "done. Connect $IF_LAN to the external AP (DHCP off on the AP)."
+  log "Join Wi-Fi on $IF_WAN to the uplink network and complete any captive portal on the Pi."
+}
+
+do_remove() {
+  need_root
+  remove_eth_static
+  remove_dnsmasq
+  systemctl restart dnsmasq 2>/dev/null || true
+
+  remove_nft
+  systemctl restart nftables 2>/dev/null || true
+
+  remove_sysctl
+  sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0 2>/dev/null || true
+
+  log "removed pi-eth-lan-router configuration snippets and NM profile '$NM_CON_NAME' (if present)."
+}
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<EOF
+Usage: sudo $0 install|remove
+
+WAN (Wi-Fi client): $IF_WAN
+LAN (Ethernet to AP): $IF_LAN
+LAN address: ${LAN_IP}/${LAN_PREFIX}
+DHCP range: $DHCP_START – $DHCP_END
+
+Override with environment variables (see script header).
+EOF
+}
+
+case "${1:-}" in
+  install) do_install ;;
+  remove) do_remove ;;
+  *) usage; exit 1 ;;
+esac

scripts/start.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,38 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Start the LED controller web server (port 80 by default).
-cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
+# Avoid `pipenv run` on the hot path — it re-resolves the env every time and is slow on a Pi.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
+cd "$ROOT"
 export PORT="${PORT:-80}"
-pipenv run run
+export PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT="${PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT:-1}"
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+CACHE="$SCRIPT_DIR/.led-controller-venv"
+PYTHON=""
+
+if [ -x "$ROOT/.venv/bin/python" ]; then
+  PYTHON="$ROOT/.venv/bin/python"
+elif [ -f "$CACHE" ]; then
+  _v="$(tr -d '\r\n' < "$CACHE")"
+  if [ -n "$_v" ] && [ -x "$_v/bin/python" ]; then
+    PYTHON="$_v/bin/python"
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$PYTHON" ] && command -v pipenv >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  _v="$(cd "$ROOT" && pipenv --venv 2>/dev/null || true)"
+  if [ -n "${_v:-}" ] && [ -x "$_v/bin/python" ]; then
+    PYTHON="$_v/bin/python"
+    printf '%s\n' "$_v" > "$CACHE" || true
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$PYTHON" ]; then
+  echo 'led-controller: no venv resolved; using pipenv run (slow). Run: cd '"$ROOT"' && PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT=1 pipenv install --skip-lock --python "$(command -v python3)"' >&2
+  exec pipenv run run
+fi
+
+cd "$ROOT/src"
+exec "$PYTHON" -u main.py

src/controllers/pattern.py

@@ -367,6 +367,7 @@ async def create_driver_pattern(request):
     Body JSON:
       name, code (required),
       min_delay, max_delay, max_colors (optional numbers),
+      has_background (optional bool),
       n1..n8 (optional string labels),
       overwrite (optional, default true).
     """
@@ -409,6 +410,9 @@ async def create_driver_pattern(request):
                 "Content-Type": "application/json"
             }
 
+    if "has_background" in data:
+        meta["has_background"] = bool(data.get("has_background"))
+
     for i in range(1, 9):
         nk = "n%d" % i
         if nk not in data:

src/controllers/settings.py

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-from microdot import Microdot, send_file
+import asyncio
-from settings import Settings
 import json
 
+from microdot import Microdot, send_file
+
+from models import wifi_ws_clients
+from settings import Settings
+
 controller = Microdot()
 settings = Settings()
 
@@ -63,17 +67,36 @@ def _validate_wifi_channel(value):
     return ch
 
 
+def _validate_global_brightness(value):
+    """Return int 0–255 or raise ValueError."""
+    v = int(value)
+    if v < 0 or v > 255:
+        raise ValueError("global_brightness must be between 0 and 255")
+    return v
+
+
 @controller.put('/settings')
 async def update_settings(request):
     """Update general settings."""
     try:
         data = request.json
+        global_brightness_changed = False
         for key, value in data.items():
             if key == 'wifi_channel' and value is not None:
                 settings[key] = _validate_wifi_channel(value)
+            elif key == 'global_brightness' and value is not None:
+                settings[key] = _validate_global_brightness(value)
+                global_brightness_changed = True
             else:
                 settings[key] = value
         settings.save()
+        if global_brightness_changed:
+            try:
+                asyncio.get_running_loop().create_task(
+                    wifi_ws_clients.broadcast_global_brightness_to_tcp_drivers()
+                )
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
         return json.dumps({"message": "Settings updated successfully"}), 200, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
     except ValueError as e:
         return json.dumps({"error": str(e)}), 400

src/main.py

@@ -285,12 +285,6 @@ async def main(port=80):
         """Serve the main web UI."""
         return send_file('templates/index.html')
 
-    # Serve settings page
-    @app.route('/settings')
-    def settings_page(request):
-        """Serve the settings page."""
-        return send_file('templates/settings.html')
-
     # Favicon: avoid 404 in browser console (no file needed)
     @app.route('/favicon.ico')
     def favicon(request):

src/models/wifi_ws_clients.py

@@ -84,6 +84,36 @@ def prune_stale_tcp_writers() -> None:
         _schedule_status_broadcast(ip, False)
 
 
+def _global_brightness_message_text() -> str | None:
+    """v1 JSON line for saved zone UI brightness; works with shipping driver firmware (applies ``b`` in RAM)."""
+    global _settings
+    if _settings is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        b = int(_settings.get("global_brightness", 255))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        b = 255
+    b = max(0, min(255, b))
+    return json.dumps({"v": "1", "b": b})
+
+
+async def sync_global_brightness_to_driver(ip: str) -> bool:
+    """Push Pi-stored global brightness to one Wi-Fi driver over the outbound WebSocket."""
+    text = _global_brightness_message_text()
+    if not text:
+        return False
+    return await send_json_line_to_ip(ip, text)
+
+
+async def broadcast_global_brightness_to_tcp_drivers() -> None:
+    """Push saved global brightness to every connected Wi-Fi driver."""
+    text = _global_brightness_message_text()
+    if not text:
+        return
+    for ip in list_connected_ips():
+        await send_json_line_to_ip(ip, text)
+
+
 def _register_ws(ip: str, ws) -> None:
     key = normalize_tcp_peer_ip(ip)
     if not key:
@@ -195,6 +225,27 @@ async def _recv_forward_loop(ip: str, ws) -> None:
                 pass
 
 
+def _stagger_delay_s_for_ip(ip: str) -> float:
+    """0 .. wifi_driver_connect_stagger_max_s based on last IPv4 octet (deterministic spread)."""
+    global _settings
+    if _settings is None:
+        return 0.0
+    try:
+        max_s = float(_settings.get("wifi_driver_connect_stagger_max_s", 2.5))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        max_s = 2.5
+    if max_s <= 0:
+        return 0.0
+    parts = str(ip).strip().split(".")
+    if len(parts) != 4:
+        return 0.0
+    try:
+        last = int(parts[3]) % 256
+    except ValueError:
+        return 0.0
+    return (last / 255.0) * max_s
+
+
 async def _driver_connection_loop(ip: str) -> None:
     global _settings
     if _settings is None:
@@ -204,16 +255,37 @@ async def _driver_connection_loop(ip: str) -> None:
     if not path.startswith("/"):
         path = "/" + path
     uri = f"ws://{ip}:{port}{path}"
+    try:
+        retry_interval_s = float(_settings.get("wifi_driver_connect_retry_interval_s", 2.0))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
         retry_interval_s = 2.0
-    retry_window_s = 30.0
+    retry_interval_s = max(0.2, retry_interval_s)
-    deadline = asyncio.get_running_loop().time() + retry_window_s
+    try:
+        retry_window_s = float(_settings.get("wifi_driver_connect_retry_window_s", 120.0))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        retry_window_s = 120.0
+    retry_window_s = max(5.0, retry_window_s)
+    try:
+        open_timeout = float(_settings.get("wifi_driver_ws_open_timeout", 45.0))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        open_timeout = 45.0
+    open_timeout = max(5.0, open_timeout)
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    stagger = _stagger_delay_s_for_ip(ip)
+    if stagger > 0:
+        await asyncio.sleep(stagger)
+
+    # Only bound boot-time: after we have connected once, keep retrying (Wi-Fi drops, reboots).
+    connected_once = False
+    deadline = loop.time() + retry_window_s
     try:
         while True:
-            now = asyncio.get_running_loop().time()
+            now = loop.time()
-            if now >= deadline:
+            if not connected_once and now >= deadline:
                 print(
-                    f"[WS] driver {ip} still unreachable after {int(retry_window_s)}s; "
+                    f"[WS] driver {ip} still unreachable after {int(retry_window_s)}s "
-                    "stopping retries until next hello"
+                    f"(initial window); stopping until next UDP hello / registry prime"
                 )
                 break
             try:
@@ -222,8 +294,9 @@ async def _driver_connection_loop(ip: str) -> None:
                     uri,
                     ping_interval=20,
                     ping_timeout=15,
-                    open_timeout=30,
+                    open_timeout=open_timeout,
                 ) as ws:
+                    connected_once = True
                     _register_ws(ip, ws)
                     try:
                         await _recv_forward_loop(ip, ws)
@@ -239,7 +312,9 @@ async def _driver_connection_loop(ip: str) -> None:
                     n = _unreachable_counts.get(ip, 0) + 1
                     _unreachable_counts[ip] = n
                     if n == 1 or (n % 30) == 0:
-                        print(f"[WS] driver {ip} unreachable, retry in 2s: {e} (x{n})")
+                        print(
+                            f"[WS] driver {ip} unreachable, retry in {retry_interval_s}s: {e} (x{n})"
+                        )
                 else:
                     print(f"[WS] driver {ip} session error: {e!r}")
                     traceback.print_exception(type(e), e, e.__traceback__)

src/models/zone.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class Zone(Model):
             "names": names if names else [],
             "presets": presets if presets else [],
             "default_preset": None,
+            "brightness": 255,
         }
         self.save()
         return next_id

src/settings.py

@@ -57,9 +57,25 @@ class Settings(dict):
         # down (0 disables). Helps drivers that reconnect after seeing traffic on 8766.
         if 'wifi_driver_hello_interval_s' not in self:
             self['wifi_driver_hello_interval_s'] = 10.0
+        # Outbound WebSocket dial: total seconds to keep trying before first success
+        # (many devices booting at once need more than a short window).
+        if 'wifi_driver_connect_retry_window_s' not in self:
+            self['wifi_driver_connect_retry_window_s'] = 120.0
+        # Spread outbound dials 0..N s by device IP so six+ drivers do not all hit the AP at once.
+        if 'wifi_driver_connect_stagger_max_s' not in self:
+            self['wifi_driver_connect_stagger_max_s'] = 2.5
+        # TCP/WebSocket open timeout per attempt (seconds).
+        if 'wifi_driver_ws_open_timeout' not in self:
+            self['wifi_driver_ws_open_timeout'] = 45.0
+        # Pause between outbound WebSocket dial attempts (seconds).
+        if 'wifi_driver_connect_retry_interval_s' not in self:
+            self['wifi_driver_connect_retry_interval_s'] = 2.0
         # UART to ESP32 ESP-NOW bridge; default off (Wi-Fi drivers need no serial).
         if 'serial_enabled' not in self:
             self['serial_enabled'] = False
+        # Zone UI global brightness (0–255); shared across browsers/devices.
+        if 'global_brightness' not in self:
+            self['global_brightness'] = 255
 
     def save(self):
         try:

src/static/presets.js

@@ -255,6 +255,18 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
     return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : 0;
   };
 
+  const patternSupportsBackgroundColor = () => {
+    if (!presetPatternInput || !presetPatternInput.value) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const pattern = String(presetPatternInput.value).trim();
+    const meta =
+      (cachedPatterns && cachedPatterns[pattern]) ||
+      (cachedPatterns && cachedPatterns[pattern.toLowerCase()]) ||
+      null;
+    return !!(meta && typeof meta === 'object' && meta.has_background === true);
+  };
+
   const renderPresetColors = (colors, paletteRefs) => {
     if (!presetColorsContainer) return;
     
@@ -296,14 +308,21 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
     }
     
     const swatchContainer = document.createElement('div');
-    swatchContainer.style.cssText = 'display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem;';
+    swatchContainer.style.cssText = 'display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; gap: 0.5rem; align-items: flex-start; overflow-x: auto;';
     swatchContainer.classList.add('color-swatches-container');
     
+    const showBackgroundLabel = patternSupportsBackgroundColor() && currentPresetColors.length > 1;
     currentPresetColors.forEach((color, index) => {
+      const isBackgroundColor = showBackgroundLabel && index === currentPresetColors.length - 1;
       const swatchWrapper = document.createElement('div');
       swatchWrapper.style.cssText = 'position: relative; display: inline-block;';
+      if (isBackgroundColor) {
+        // Keep the background color swatch at the far right.
+        swatchWrapper.style.marginLeft = 'auto';
+      }
       swatchWrapper.draggable = true;
       swatchWrapper.dataset.colorIndex = index;
+      swatchWrapper.dataset.backgroundColor = isBackgroundColor ? '1' : '0';
       const refAtIndex = currentPresetPaletteRefs[index];
       swatchWrapper.dataset.paletteRef = Number.isInteger(refAtIndex) ? String(refAtIndex) : '';
       swatchWrapper.classList.add('draggable-color-swatch');
@@ -424,6 +443,18 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
       swatchWrapper.appendChild(swatch);
       swatchWrapper.appendChild(colorPicker);
       swatchWrapper.appendChild(removeBtn);
+      if (isBackgroundColor) {
+        const bgLabel = document.createElement('div');
+        bgLabel.textContent = 'Background';
+        bgLabel.style.cssText = `
+          margin-top: 0.25rem;
+          text-align: center;
+          font-size: 0.72rem;
+          color: #cfcfcf;
+          letter-spacing: 0.02em;
+        `;
+        swatchWrapper.appendChild(bgLabel);
+      }
       swatchContainer.appendChild(swatchWrapper);
     });
     
@@ -445,6 +476,10 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
       e.preventDefault();
       const dragging = swatchContainer.querySelector('.dragging-color');
       if (!dragging) return;
+      const backgroundEl = swatchContainer.querySelector('.draggable-color-swatch[data-background-color="1"]');
+      if (backgroundEl) {
+        swatchContainer.appendChild(backgroundEl);
+      }
       
       // Get new order of colors from DOM
       const colorElements = [...swatchContainer.querySelectorAll('.draggable-color-swatch')];

src/static/style.css

@@ -550,14 +550,14 @@ body.preset-ui-run .edit-mode-only {
     padding: 0;
 }
 
-/* Zone preset selecting area: 3 columns, vertical scroll only */
+/* Zone preset selecting area: 8 columns on desktop, vertical scroll only */
 #presets-list-zone {
     flex: 1;
     min-height: 0;
     overflow-y: auto;
     overflow-x: hidden;
     display: grid;
-    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
+    grid-template-columns: repeat(8, minmax(0, 1fr));
     grid-auto-rows: 5rem;
     column-gap: 0.3rem;
     row-gap: 0.3rem;
@@ -1261,8 +1261,8 @@ body.preset-ui-run .edit-mode-only {
 .color-swatches-container {
     min-height: 80px;
 }
-/* Presets list: 3 columns and vertical scroll (defined above); mobile same */
+/* Presets list: 3 columns on phone-sized screens */
-@media (max-width: 1000px) {
+@media (max-width: 600px) {
     #presets-list-zone {
         grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
         padding-bottom: calc(env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px) + 7rem);

src/static/zones.js

@@ -2,7 +2,41 @@
 let currentZoneId = null;
 let brightnessSendTimeout = null;
 
-function sendZoneBrightness(value) {
+function clamp255(n) {
+    const v = parseInt(n, 10);
+    if (Number.isNaN(v)) return null;
+    return Math.max(0, Math.min(255, v));
+}
+
+function applyBrightnessSliders(val) {
+    const v = clamp255(val);
+    if (v === null) return;
+    const headerSlider = document.getElementById("header-brightness-slider");
+    const menuSlider = document.getElementById("menu-brightness-slider");
+    if (headerSlider) headerSlider.value = String(v);
+    if (menuSlider) menuSlider.value = String(v);
+}
+
+async function saveZoneBrightnessToServer(zoneId, val) {
+    if (!zoneId) return;
+    try {
+        const res = await fetch(`/zones/${zoneId}`, {
+            method: "PUT",
+            headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json", Accept: "application/json" },
+            credentials: "same-origin",
+            body: JSON.stringify({ brightness: val }),
+        });
+        if (!res.ok) {
+            const err = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+            console.warn("zone brightness save failed:", err.error || res.status);
+        }
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.warn("zone brightness save failed:", e);
+    }
+}
+
+function sendZoneBrightness(zoneId, value) {
+    if (!zoneId) return;
     const val = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, parseInt(value, 10) || 0));
     const headerSlider = document.getElementById('header-brightness-slider');
     const menuSlider = document.getElementById('menu-brightness-slider');
@@ -18,6 +52,7 @@ function sendZoneBrightness(value) {
     brightnessSendTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
         (async () => {
             try {
+                await saveZoneBrightnessToServer(zoneId, val);
                 const section = document.querySelector('.presets-section[data-zone-id]');
                 const names = typeof window.parseTabDeviceNames === 'function'
                     ? window.parseTabDeviceNames(section)
@@ -517,11 +552,16 @@ async function loadZoneContent(zoneId) {
         `;
 
         // Keep header and menu brightness controls in sync.
-        const brightnessSlider = document.getElementById('header-brightness-slider');
+        const zoneBrightness =
-        const menuBrightnessSlider = document.getElementById('menu-brightness-slider');
+            typeof zone.brightness === 'number'
-        if (menuBrightnessSlider && brightnessSlider) {
+                ? zone.brightness
-            menuBrightnessSlider.value = brightnessSlider.value;
+                : parseInt(String(zone.brightness ?? ''), 10);
-        }
+        const normalizedBrightness = Number.isFinite(zoneBrightness)
+            ? Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(zoneBrightness)))
+            : 255;
+        applyBrightnessSliders(normalizedBrightness);
+        // Apply this zone's saved brightness when switching zones.
+        sendZoneBrightness(zoneId, normalizedBrightness);
         
         // Trigger presets loading if the function exists
         if (typeof renderTabPresets === 'function') {
@@ -990,19 +1030,21 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
     }
 
     const menuBrightnessSlider = document.getElementById('menu-brightness-slider');
+    const headerBrightnessSlider = document.getElementById('header-brightness-slider');
+    (async () => {
         if (menuBrightnessSlider) {
             menuBrightnessSlider.addEventListener('input', (e) => {
-            sendZoneBrightness(e.target.value);
+                if (!currentZoneId) return;
+                sendZoneBrightness(currentZoneId, e.target.value);
             });
         }
-    const headerBrightnessSlider = document.getElementById('header-brightness-slider');
         if (headerBrightnessSlider) {
             headerBrightnessSlider.addEventListener('input', (e) => {
-            sendZoneBrightness(e.target.value);
+                if (!currentZoneId) return;
+                sendZoneBrightness(currentZoneId, e.target.value);
             });
-        // Initial sync so both controls start aligned.
-        sendZoneBrightness(headerBrightnessSlider.value);
         }
+    })();
 
     // When run/edit mode toggles, refresh tabs UI so edit actions show/hide immediately.
     document.querySelectorAll('.ui-mode-toggle').forEach((btn) => {

tests/test_browser.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 """
 Browser automation tests using Selenium.
 Tests run against the device in an actual browser. Target host defaults to
-``192.168.4.1``; override with ``LED_CONTROLLER_DEVICE_IP`` (IP or hostname,
+``127.0.0.1:5000``; override with ``LED_CONTROLLER_DEVICE_IP`` (IP or hostname,
 or a full ``http://`` / ``https://`` base URL).
 
 Fixed delays between UI steps use ``LED_CONTROLLER_BROWSER_SLEEP_SCALE``
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ from selenium.common.exceptions import (
     ElementNotInteractableException,
 )
 
-_DEFAULT_DEVICE_HOST = "192.168.4.1"
+_DEFAULT_DEVICE_HOST = "127.0.0.1:5000"
 
 
 def _device_base_url() -> str:

tests/test_endpoints_pytest.py

@@ -347,6 +347,15 @@ def test_settings_controller(server):
     resp = c.put(f"{base_url}/settings/settings", json={"wifi_channel": 12})
     assert resp.status_code == 400
 
+    resp = c.put(f"{base_url}/settings/settings", json={"global_brightness": 42})
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    resp = c.get(f"{base_url}/settings")
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    assert resp.json().get("global_brightness") == 42
+
+    resp = c.put(f"{base_url}/settings/settings", json={"global_brightness": 300})
+    assert resp.status_code == 400
+
 
 def test_profiles_presets_zones_endpoints(server, monkeypatch):
     c: requests.Session = server["client"]