diff --git a/Pipfile b/Pipfile
index 6908fa0..438abba 100644
--- a/Pipfile
+++ b/Pipfile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ name = "pypi"
 [packages]
 mpremote = "*"
 pyserial = "*"
+pyserial-asyncio = "*"
 esptool = "*"
 pyjwt = "*"
 watchfiles = "*"
diff --git a/Pipfile.lock b/Pipfile.lock
index 097b3dd..b1b8b6a 100644
--- a/Pipfile.lock
+++ b/Pipfile.lock
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "_meta": {
         "hash": {
-            "sha256": "7975a888034cb3e0f68c7b866f7e69e5a1db7a5228fe1f02d6cb5f9c180de557"
+            "sha256": "2387dc49cb5166bfd75072d96e74e8fdac3b60afccba34d8bdca3d9da1552b80"
         },
         "pipfile-spec": 6,
         "requires": {
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.9'",
             "version": "==26.1.0"
         },
-        "aubio": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:df1244f6c4cf5bea382c8c2d35aa43bc31f4cf631fe325ae3992c219546a4202"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.4.9"
-        },
         "bitarray": {
             "hashes": [
                 "sha256:0256d57e294414bfe4fec4f852fd1d9ae361228c71b082332bf81c8b8fc69f80",
@@ -166,11 +159,11 @@
         },
         "certifi": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:3cb2210c8f88ba2318d29b0388d1023c8492ff72ecdde4ebdaddbb13a31b1c4a",
-                "sha256:8d455352a37b71bf76a79caa83a3d6c25afee4a385d632127b6afb3963f1c580"
+                "sha256:3c52e209ba0a4ad7aebe60436a4ab349c39e1e602e8c134221e546902ad25897",
+                "sha256:69dea482ab64caa7b9f6aba1c6bf48bb6a5448d1c0f1b17ab42ad8c763a5344d"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.7'",
-            "version": "==2026.4.22"
+            "version": "==2026.5.20"
         },
         "cffi": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -399,11 +392,11 @@
         },
         "click": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:398329ad4837b2ff7cbe1dd166a4c0f8900c3ca3a218de04466f38f6497f18a2",
-                "sha256:a2bf429bb3033c89fa4936ffb35d5cb471e3719e1f3c8a7c3fff0b8314305613"
+                "sha256:482be17c6991b8c19c5429a1e995d9b0efdbb63172824c41f99965dc0ade8ec2",
+                "sha256:918b5633eddf6b41c32d4f454bf0de810065c74e3f7dbf8ee5452f8be88d3e96"
             ],
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.10'",
-            "version": "==8.3.3"
+            "version": "==8.4.1"
         },
         "cryptography": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -478,11 +471,11 @@
         },
         "idna": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:585ea8fe5d69b9181ec1afba340451fba6ba764af97026f92a91d4eef164a242",
-                "sha256:892ea0cde124a99ce773decba204c5552b69c3c67ffd5f232eb7696135bc8bb3"
+                "sha256:cc246e3a3f89580c3a951b5ad298ca4638078b2cdd4f115654332b5c26daded5",
+                "sha256:d7a6da03db833450fca25d2358ac9ff06cd624577a4aea3a596d5c0f77b8e03d"
             ],
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.8'",
-            "version": "==3.13"
+            "markers": "python_version >= '3.9'",
+            "version": "==3.16"
         },
         "intelhex": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -509,12 +502,12 @@
         },
         "microdot": {
             "hashes": [
-                "sha256:3ba8bab39ae52bca08ee7024dfc71afb7cff089f0b6611d2a1f617abfcee749c",
-                "sha256:d56824f4510e628dac711c86121957894ceaf833298e4d25f06c29d2b19a1721"
+                "sha256:206c52870e3b1d5e6d387802e2ed0afae8c4598c80542a21e3efe377efc128c8",
+                "sha256:7bb9a69fa97a47d8fe07e61d9dd405804744132ca52d26705cf1173431ff7f4b"
             ],
             "index": "pypi",
             "markers": "python_version >= '3.8'",
-            "version": "==2.6.1"
+            "version": "==2.6.2"
         },
         "mpremote": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -527,82 +520,82 @@
         },
         "numpy": {
             "hashes": [
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-                "sha256:08f2e31ed5e6f04b118e49821397f12767934cfdd12a1ce86a058f91e004ee50",
-                "sha256:0aec54fd785890ecca25a6003fd9a5aed47ad607bbac5cd64f836ad8666f4959",
-                "sha256:0d35aea54ad1d420c812bfa0385c71cd7cc5bcf7c65fed95fc2cd02fe8c79827",
-                "sha256:0d4e437e295f18ec29bc79daf55e8a47a9113df44d66f702f02a293d93a2d6dd",
-                "sha256:0dfd3f9d3adbe2920b68b5cd3d51444e13a10792ec7154cd0a2f6e74d4ab3233",
-                "sha256:1378871da56ca8943c2ba674530924bb8ca40cd228358a3b5f302ad60cf875fc",
-                "sha256:15716cfef24d3a9762e3acdf87e27f58dc823d1348f765bbea6bef8c639bfa1b",
-                "sha256:19710a9ca9992d7174e9c52f643d4272dcd1558c5f7af7f6f8190f633bd651a7",
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             "markers": "python_version >= '3.11'",
-            "version": "==2.4.4"
+            "version": "==2.4.6"
         },
         "outcome": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -638,12 +631,12 @@
         },
         "pyjwt": {
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-                "sha256:c74a7a2adf861c04d002db713dd85f84beb242228e671280bf709d765b03672b"
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             "markers": "python_version >= '3.9'",
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+            "version": "==2.13.0"
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         "pyserial": {
             "hashes": [
@@ -653,6 +646,14 @@
             "index": "pypi",
             "version": "==3.5"
         },
+        "pyserial-asyncio": {
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                 "sha256:08e69f092cc6dbe92a0fdd16eeb9b9ffbc13cadfe5ca4c7bd92ffb078b293299",
@@ -757,12 +758,12 @@
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@@ -782,12 +783,12 @@
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         "selenium": {
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@@ -883,127 +884,125 @@
                 "socks"
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-            "version": "==2.6.3"
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+                "sha256:2581a94056e55d7d0a31a823ea92bf73749c489ca2285bfdc0fbe6b2bb49d50c",
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+                "sha256:c16cb06dd17d43b9d185094268459eac92c9538356f050e55b54e82cf700e1d4",
+                "sha256:c525543d91961c6955b2636b308569e84a1d1c5f5f2932041ab9ef46422f43e3",
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+                "sha256:d158cd89df6053823533e06fb1d73c549133bff5f0396170c0e53d9559340717",
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+                "sha256:d413349d565dab74297f2a63e84a097936be69bf8f3b3801f27f380e32040f44",
+                "sha256:d4a4b147f5dca2a5d325a06a832fb43f345751adfbc63204aec30e0d9ca965a2",
+                "sha256:d516b3283a758e087841aedb8031549fb41ced08f3db10aa6d2bf32dc042525b",
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+                "sha256:dbd6c97045dad81227c8d040173da044c1de08de64a5ea8b555da4aee1d5fa22",
+                "sha256:e0618518f282c4ebff60f5e5b1247b6d91bb8b9f4476947563a1e74acc66f3c6",
+                "sha256:e140ed30ebde76796b686e67c182cff10ea2fbab186fafd1560f74bb5a473a6e",
+                "sha256:e1cfd51e97e13ff3bd047c140764d277fc9b95b7cb5da59e46a47d167adab310",
+                "sha256:e2ca07fa7d89195ec0865d3d285666286740bfa83d83e5cee204043a31ecc165",
+                "sha256:e53a384f76b631c3ae5334ce6a52f0baa3a911eb94a4eac7f160079868b716d5",
+                "sha256:eb283ee99e21ad6443c8cdb06ac5b34b1308c329cbdf03fa02b445363714c799",
+                "sha256:eb72919d93e3a16fc451d3aa3d4b1698423daca1b382d3d959c9ac51297c12a8",
+                "sha256:ecb47f183a8025b2aa18b546725c3657e542112ae9c0613a2af79b4fa8d04ad7",
+                "sha256:f155b3a1b2a5fc89cdc70d47ee5d54e3b75e88efa34982028a35daef9ba00379",
+                "sha256:f22943b7770483f6ea0721c6b11d022947a98eb0acae14694de034f4d0d38925",
+                "sha256:f28b2725eb8cce327b9b3ab02415c853011dc55c95832fe90de6bc56f5315f72",
+                "sha256:f88af53d6ddaf72179ef613ddc905e6f4785f712b49b80b3bef9f3525e6194b4",
+                "sha256:faea288b6f0ab1902ef08f4ca6de005dccf856c4e0c4f21b8c5fce02d90a1b08",
+                "sha256:fff610d7bb2256a317bb1e96f0d7862c7aa8076733ee5df0fd41bbe76a24a4f4"
             ],
             "index": "pypi",
-            "markers": "python_version >= '3.9'",
-            "version": "==1.1.1"
+            "markers": "python_version >= '3.10'",
+            "version": "==1.2.0"
         },
         "websocket-client": {
             "hashes": [
diff --git a/bridge-serial/README.md b/bridge-serial/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77b3f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge-serial/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# bridge-serial
+
+ESP32 ESP-NOW bridge with **USB/serial** uplink to the Pi (GPIO UART). Sync loop only — no asyncio, no Microdot.
+
+```
+bridge-serial/
+  src/
+    main.py       # entry
+    settings.py   # /settings.json on device
+```
+
+Deploy:
+
+```bash
+cd bridge-serial
+python ../led-tool/cli.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 --src -r -f
+```
+
+No `--lib` required. Match `serial_baudrate` on the ESP and Pi (e.g. `921600`).
diff --git a/bridge-serial/src/main.py b/bridge-serial/src/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b797be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge-serial/src/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+"""ESP-NOW bridge: Pi USB-serial downlink, ESP-NOW to drivers (sync loop)."""
+
+import gc, json, struct, time
+import espnow, machine, network
+from machine import Pin, UART
+from settings import Settings
+
+BROADCAST = b"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff"
+WIRE = 0x4C
+MAX_SERIAL = 4096
+MAX_ESPNOW = 250
+ESPNOW_EXIST = -12395
+ESPNOW_FULL = -12392
+
+
+def add_peer_if_needed(esp, dest, ch):
+    try:
+        esp.add_peer(dest, channel=ch)
+    except TypeError:
+        try:
+            esp.add_peer(dest)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.args[0] != ESPNOW_EXIST:
+                raise
+    except OSError as e:
+        if e.args[0] != ESPNOW_EXIST:
+            raise
+
+
+def del_peer_if_present(esp, dest):
+    try:
+        esp.del_peer(dest)
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
+def send_unicast_temp_peer(esp, dest, ch, pkt):
+    try:
+        add_peer_if_needed(esp, dest, ch)
+    except OSError as e:
+        if e.args and e.args[0] == ESPNOW_FULL:
+            del_peer_if_present(esp, dest)
+            add_peer_if_needed(esp, dest, ch)
+        else:
+            raise
+    try:
+        esp.send(dest, pkt, True)
+    finally:
+        del_peer_if_present(esp, dest)
+
+
+def init_radio(ch, name, password):
+    network.WLAN(network.STA_IF).active(False)
+    network.WLAN(network.AP_IF).active(False)
+    time.sleep_ms(100)
+    ap = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
+    ap.active(True)
+    time.sleep_ms(50)
+    if password:
+        try:
+            ap.config(essid=name or "bridge", password=password, channel=ch, hidden=True)
+        except TypeError:
+            ap.config(essid=name or "bridge", channel=ch)
+    else:
+        try:
+            ap.config(essid=name or "bridge", channel=ch, hidden=True)
+        except TypeError:
+            ap.config(essid=name or "bridge", channel=ch)
+    sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
+    sta.active(True)
+    sta.config(pm=network.WLAN.PM_NONE)
+    try:
+        sta.config(channel=ch)
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
+def mac_bytes(addr):
+    h = str(addr).replace(":", "").replace("-", "").strip().lower()
+    return bytes.fromhex(h)
+
+
+def read_serial(uart, buf):
+    if uart.any():
+        buf.extend(uart.read(min(uart.any(), 256)))
+    out = []
+    while len(buf) >= 2:
+        n = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1]
+        if n > MAX_SERIAL:
+            buf[:] = buf[1:]
+            continue
+        need = 2 + n
+        if len(buf) < need:
+            break
+        out.append(bytes(buf[2:need]))
+        buf[:] = buf[need:]
+    return out
+
+
+def downlink(esp, ch, raw):
+    if not raw:
+        return
+    if raw[0] == WIRE:
+        if len(raw) < 2:
+            return
+        esp.send(BROADCAST, raw, True)
+        return
+    if len(raw) < 8 or raw[0] != ord("{"):
+        return
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(raw)
+    except ValueError:
+        return
+    devs = data.get("dv") or data.get("devices")
+    if data.get("v") != "1" or not isinstance(devs, dict):
+        return
+    for mac_s, body in devs.items():
+        if not isinstance(body, dict):
+            continue
+        try:
+            msg = {"v": "1"}
+            msg.update(body)
+            pkt = json.dumps(msg, separators=(",", ":")).encode()
+            if len(pkt) > MAX_ESPNOW:
+                continue
+            dest = mac_bytes(mac_s)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            continue
+        if dest == BROADCAST:
+            esp.send(BROADCAST, pkt, True)
+        else:
+            send_unicast_temp_peer(esp, dest, ch, pkt)
+        time.sleep_ms(5)
+
+
+gc.collect()
+s = Settings()
+ch = max(1, min(11, int(s.get("wifi_channel", 5))))
+init_radio(ch, s.get("name"), s.get("ap_password") or "")
+baud = int(s.get("serial_baudrate", 921600))
+uart = UART(
+    int(s.get("serial_uart_id", 1)),
+    baud,
+    tx=Pin(int(s.get("serial_tx_pin", 2))),
+    rx=Pin(int(s.get("serial_rx_pin", 3))),
+)
+esp = espnow.ESPNow()
+esp.active(True)
+add_peer_if_needed(esp, BROADCAST, ch)
+print("bridge ch", ch, "baud", baud, "heap", gc.mem_free())
+
+wdt = machine.WDT(timeout=10000)
+rx_buf = bytearray()
+while True:
+    wdt.feed()
+    for frame in read_serial(uart, rx_buf):
+        try:
+            downlink(esp, ch, frame)
+        except OSError as e:
+            print("dl", e)
+    host, msg = esp.recv(0)
+    if host:
+        up = bytes([0]) + host + msg
+        uart.write(struct.pack(">H", len(up)) + up)
+    else:
+        time.sleep_ms(1)
diff --git a/bridge-serial/src/settings.py b/bridge-serial/src/settings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f06837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge-serial/src/settings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import json
+import time
+import ubinascii
+import network
+
+WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT = 5
+
+
+def _sta_mac_hex():
+    sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
+    was_on = sta.active()
+    if not was_on:
+        sta.active(True)
+        time.sleep_ms(50)
+    try:
+        mac = ubinascii.hexlify(sta.config("mac")).decode().lower()
+    except Exception:
+        mac = "000000000000"
+    if not was_on:
+        sta.active(False)
+    return mac
+
+
+class Settings(dict):
+    SETTINGS_FILE = "/settings.json"
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.load()
+
+    def set_defaults(self):
+        self["name"] = "bridge-" + _sta_mac_hex()
+        self["wifi_channel"] = WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
+        self["ap_password"] = ""
+        self["serial_baudrate"] = 921600
+        self["serial_uart_id"] = 1
+        self["serial_tx_pin"] = 2
+        self["serial_rx_pin"] = 3
+        self["serial_usb"] = False
+
+    def save(self):
+        try:
+            with open(self.SETTINGS_FILE, "w") as f:
+                f.write(json.dumps(self))
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("save settings:", e)
+
+    def load(self):
+        try:
+            with open(self.SETTINGS_FILE, "r") as f:
+                loaded = json.load(f)
+            if not isinstance(loaded, dict):
+                raise ValueError("not object")
+        except Exception:
+            self.clear()
+            self.set_defaults()
+            self.save()
+            return
+        self.clear()
+        self.set_defaults()
+        for k, v in loaded.items():
+            self[k] = v
diff --git a/bridge-wifi/README.md b/bridge-wifi/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbf200f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge-wifi/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# bridge-wifi
+
+ESP32 ESP-NOW bridge with **Wi‑Fi AP + WebSocket** (`/ws`). Same ESP-NOW downlink as bridge-serial.
+
+```
+bridge-wifi/
+  src/
+    main.py
+    settings.py
+    wifi_ap.py
+    espnow_wire.py   # uplink frame helper only
+  lib/microdot/      # WebSocket server
+```
+
+Deploy:
+
+```bash
+cd bridge-wifi
+python ../led-tool/cli.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 --src --lib -r -f
+```
+
+Pi: join bridge AP, `bridge_ws_url` → `ws://192.168.4.1/ws`.
diff --git a/espnow-sender/lib/microdot/__init__.py b/bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from espnow-sender/lib/microdot/__init__.py
rename to bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/__init__.py
diff --git a/espnow-sender/lib/microdot/helpers.py b/bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/helpers.py
similarity index 100%
rename from espnow-sender/lib/microdot/helpers.py
rename to bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/helpers.py
diff --git a/espnow-sender/lib/microdot/microdot.py b/bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/microdot.py
similarity index 100%
rename from espnow-sender/lib/microdot/microdot.py
rename to bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/microdot.py
diff --git a/espnow-sender/lib/microdot/session.py b/bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/session.py
similarity index 100%
rename from espnow-sender/lib/microdot/session.py
rename to bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/session.py
diff --git a/espnow-sender/lib/microdot/utemplate.py b/bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/utemplate.py
similarity index 100%
rename from espnow-sender/lib/microdot/utemplate.py
rename to bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/utemplate.py
diff --git a/espnow-sender/lib/microdot/websocket.py b/bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/websocket.py
similarity index 100%
rename from espnow-sender/lib/microdot/websocket.py
rename to bridge-wifi/lib/microdot/websocket.py
diff --git a/bridge-wifi/src/espnow_wire.py b/bridge-wifi/src/espnow_wire.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9893e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge-wifi/src/espnow_wire.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"""WebSocket uplink framing (Pi ↔ bridge)."""
+
+BROADCAST_MAC = b"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff"
+
+
+def pack_ws_uplink(peer, espnow_packet):
+    return bytes([0]) + peer + espnow_packet
diff --git a/bridge-wifi/src/main.py b/bridge-wifi/src/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..970f57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge-wifi/src/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+"""ESP-NOW bridge: Pi WebSocket downlink, ESP-NOW to drivers."""
+
+import asyncio
+import gc
+import json
+import time
+
+import espnow
+import machine
+from espnow_wire import BROADCAST_MAC, pack_ws_uplink
+from microdot import Microdot
+from microdot.websocket import WebSocketError, with_websocket
+from settings import Settings
+from wifi_ap import init_bridge_network
+
+BROADCAST = BROADCAST_MAC
+WIRE = 0x4C
+MAX_ESPNOW = 250
+ESPNOW_EXIST = -12395
+ESPNOW_FULL = -12392
+
+
+def mac_str(mac):
+    return ":".join("%02x" % b for b in mac)
+
+
+def dbg(msg):
+    if DEBUG:
+        print(msg)
+
+
+def add_peer_if_needed(esp, dest, ch):
+    try:
+        esp.add_peer(dest, channel=ch)
+        dbg("peer add " + mac_str(dest))
+    except TypeError:
+        try:
+            esp.add_peer(dest)
+            dbg("peer add " + mac_str(dest))
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.args[0] != ESPNOW_EXIST:
+                raise
+            dbg("peer exists " + mac_str(dest))
+    except OSError as e:
+        if e.args[0] != ESPNOW_EXIST:
+            raise
+        dbg("peer exists " + mac_str(dest))
+
+
+def del_peer_if_present(esp, dest):
+    try:
+        esp.del_peer(dest)
+        dbg("peer del " + mac_str(dest))
+    except Exception as e:
+        dbg("peer del skip " + mac_str(dest) + " " + repr(e))
+
+
+def send_espnow(esp, dest, pkt):
+    try:
+        esp.send(dest, pkt, True)
+        return True
+    except OSError as e:
+        label = "bcast" if dest == BROADCAST else mac_str(dest)
+        print("send err", label, len(pkt), e)
+        return False
+
+
+def send_unicast_temp_peer(esp, dest, ch, pkt):
+    try:
+        add_peer_if_needed(esp, dest, ch)
+    except OSError as e:
+        # If peer table is full but this peer already exists, delete+retry once.
+        if e.args and e.args[0] == ESPNOW_FULL:
+            dbg("peer full " + mac_str(dest) + " retry")
+            del_peer_if_present(esp, dest)
+            add_peer_if_needed(esp, dest, ch)
+        else:
+            raise
+    ok = send_espnow(esp, dest, pkt)
+    del_peer_if_present(esp, dest)
+    return ok
+
+
+def downlink(esp, ch, raw):
+    n = len(raw)
+    if not raw:
+        return
+    if raw[0] == WIRE:
+        if n < 2:
+            dbg("dl skip wire short " + str(n))
+            return
+        dbg("dl wire bcast " + str(n))
+        send_espnow(esp, BROADCAST, raw)
+        return
+    if n < 8 or raw[0] != ord("{"):
+        dbg("dl skip json " + str(n))
+        return
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(raw)
+    except ValueError:
+        dbg("dl skip json")
+        return
+    devs = data.get("dv") or data.get("devices")
+    if data.get("v") != "1" or not isinstance(devs, dict):
+        dbg("dl skip envelope")
+        return
+    dbg("dl env " + str(len(devs)) + " dev")
+    for mac_s, body in devs.items():
+        if not isinstance(body, dict):
+            dbg("dl skip body " + str(mac_s))
+            continue
+        try:
+            h = str(mac_s).replace(":", "").replace("-", "").strip().lower()
+            dest = BROADCAST if h == "ffffffffffff" else bytes.fromhex(h)
+            msg = {"v": "1"}
+            msg.update(body)
+            pkt = json.dumps(msg, separators=(",", ":")).encode()
+            if len(pkt) > MAX_ESPNOW:
+                dbg("dl skip big " + str(len(pkt)))
+                continue
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            dbg("dl skip mac " + str(mac_s))
+            continue
+        if dest == BROADCAST:
+            dbg("dl bcast " + str(len(pkt)))
+            send_espnow(esp, BROADCAST, pkt)
+        else:
+            dbg("dl uni " + mac_str(dest) + " " + str(len(pkt)))
+            send_unicast_temp_peer(esp, dest, ch, pkt)
+        time.sleep_ms(5)
+
+
+gc.collect()
+settings = Settings()
+DEBUG = bool(settings.get("debug", True))
+ch = max(1, min(11, int(settings.get("wifi_channel", 5))))
+init_bridge_network(settings)
+
+esp = espnow.ESPNow()
+esp.active(True)
+add_peer_if_needed(esp, BROADCAST, ch)
+print(
+    "bridge-wifi ch",
+    ch,
+    "debug",
+    DEBUG,
+    "heap",
+    gc.mem_free(),
+    "ws",
+    int(settings.get("ws_port", 80)),
+)
+
+app = Microdot()
+clients = set()
+wdt = machine.WDT(timeout=10000)
+
+
+@app.route("/ws")
+@with_websocket
+async def ws_handler(request, ws):
+    clients.add(ws)
+    print("ws client +", len(clients))
+    try:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                raw = await ws.receive()
+            except WebSocketError:
+                dbg("ws closed")
+                break
+            if not raw:
+                dbg("ws empty")
+                break
+            if isinstance(raw, str):
+                raw = raw.encode("utf-8")
+            dbg("ws rx " + str(len(raw)))
+            try:
+                downlink(esp, ch, raw)
+            except OSError as e:
+                print("dl err", e)
+    finally:
+        clients.discard(ws)
+        print("ws client -", len(clients))
+
+
+async def espnow_rx_loop():
+    while True:
+        host, msg = esp.recv(0)
+        if host:
+            dbg("up " + mac_str(host) + " " + str(len(msg)))
+            frame = pack_ws_uplink(host, msg)
+            dead = []
+            sent = 0
+            for ws in list(clients):
+                try:
+                    await ws.send(frame)
+                    sent += 1
+                except Exception as e:
+                    dbg("ws up err " + repr(e))
+                    dead.append(ws)
+            for ws in dead:
+                clients.discard(ws)
+            if not clients:
+                dbg("up no ws clients")
+            else:
+                dbg("up ws " + str(sent) + "/" + str(len(clients)))
+        else:
+            await asyncio.sleep_ms(1)
+        wdt.feed()
+
+
+async def main():
+    asyncio.create_task(espnow_rx_loop())
+    port = int(settings.get("ws_port", 80))
+    print("ws listen", port)
+    await app.start_server(host="0.0.0.0", port=port)
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())
diff --git a/espnow-sender/src/settings.py b/bridge-wifi/src/settings.py
similarity index 52%
rename from espnow-sender/src/settings.py
rename to bridge-wifi/src/settings.py
index b508776..5a931ec 100644
--- a/espnow-sender/src/settings.py
+++ b/bridge-wifi/src/settings.py
@@ -3,30 +3,21 @@ import time
 import ubinascii
 import network
 
+WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT = 5
+
 
 def _sta_mac_hex():
-    """Read STA MAC without leaving the radio up (wifi_ap owns bring-up)."""
     sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
-    was_on = False
-    try:
-        was_on = sta.active()
-    except Exception:
-        pass
+    was_on = sta.active()
     if not was_on:
-        try:
-            sta.active(True)
-            time.sleep_ms(50)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        sta.active(True)
+        time.sleep_ms(50)
     try:
         mac = ubinascii.hexlify(sta.config("mac")).decode().lower()
     except Exception:
         mac = "000000000000"
     if not was_on:
-        try:
-            sta.active(False)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        sta.active(False)
     return mac
 
 
@@ -38,29 +29,27 @@ class Settings(dict):
         self.load()
 
     def set_defaults(self):
-        mac = _sta_mac_hex()
-        self["name"] = "bridge-" + mac
-        self["wifi_channel"] = 1
+        self["name"] = "bridge-" + _sta_mac_hex()
+        self["wifi_channel"] = WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
         self["ap_password"] = ""
         self["ap_ip"] = "192.168.4.1"
         self["ws_port"] = 80
-        self["max_peers"] = 20
+        self["debug"] = True
 
     def save(self):
         try:
-            with open(self.SETTINGS_FILE, "w") as file:
-                file.write(json.dumps(self))
+            with open(self.SETTINGS_FILE, "w") as f:
+                f.write(json.dumps(self))
         except Exception as e:
-            print("Error saving settings:", e)
+            print("save settings:", e)
 
     def load(self):
         try:
-            with open(self.SETTINGS_FILE, "r") as file:
-                loaded = json.load(file)
+            with open(self.SETTINGS_FILE, "r") as f:
+                loaded = json.load(f)
             if not isinstance(loaded, dict):
-                raise ValueError("settings.json is not an object")
+                raise ValueError("not object")
         except Exception:
-            print("Error loading settings")
             self.clear()
             self.set_defaults()
             self.save()
@@ -69,5 +58,3 @@ class Settings(dict):
         self.set_defaults()
         for k, v in loaded.items():
             self[k] = v
-
-  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge-wifi/src/wifi_ap.py b/bridge-wifi/src/wifi_ap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cb600b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge-wifi/src/wifi_ap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""AP + STA for ESP-NOW; Pi joins the AP for WebSocket."""
+
+import time
+
+import network
+
+from settings import WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
+
+
+def _channel(settings):
+    try:
+        return max(1, min(11, int(settings.get("wifi_channel", WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT))))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
+
+
+def init_bridge_network(settings):
+    ch = _channel(settings)
+    essid = settings.get("name") or "bridge"
+    password = settings.get("ap_password") or ""
+    ap_ip = settings.get("ap_ip") or "192.168.4.1"
+
+    sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
+    ap = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
+    sta.active(False)
+    ap.active(False)
+    time.sleep_ms(100)
+
+    ap.active(True)
+    time.sleep_ms(50)
+    if password:
+        try:
+            ap.config(essid=essid, password=password, channel=ch)
+        except TypeError:
+            ap.config(essid=essid, channel=ch)
+    else:
+        ap.config(essid=essid, channel=ch)
+    try:
+        ap.ifconfig((ap_ip, "255.255.255.0", ap_ip, "8.8.8.8"))
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    sta.active(True)
+    sta.config(pm=network.WLAN.PM_NONE)
+    try:
+        sta.config(channel=ch)
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    port = int(settings.get("ws_port", 80))
+    print("bridge AP", essid, "ch", ch, "ip", ap.ifconfig()[0])
+    print("bridge_ws_url: ws://%s:%s/ws" % (ap_ip, port))
diff --git a/db/group.json b/db/group.json
index 7debd04..8d133f0 100644
--- a/db/group.json
+++ b/db/group.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"6": {"name": "winter top-left", "devices": ["a0b100000001"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "7": {"name": "winter top-centre", "devices": ["a0b100000002"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "8": {"name": "winter top-right", "devices": ["a0b100000003"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "9": {"name": "winter bottom-left", "devices": ["a0b100000004"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "10": {"name": "winter bottom-centre", "devices": ["a0b100000005"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "11": {"name": "winter bottom-right", "devices": ["a0b100000006"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "12": {"name": "winter top row", "devices": ["a0b100000001", "a0b100000002", "a0b100000003"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "13": {"name": "winter bottom row", "devices": ["a0b100000004", "a0b100000005", "a0b100000006"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "14": {"name": "winter left column", "devices": ["a0b100000001", "a0b100000004"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "15": {"name": "winter centre column", "devices": ["a0b100000002", "a0b100000005"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "16": {"name": "winter right column", "devices": ["a0b100000003", "a0b100000006"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "17": {"name": "winter grid (all)", "devices": ["a0b100000001", "a0b100000002", "a0b100000003", "a0b100000004", "a0b100000005", "a0b100000006"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null}, "18": {"name": "test", "devices": ["e8f60a16dad0", "e8f60a1707c0"], "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null, "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "FF0000"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "profile_id": "1"}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"6": {"name": "winter top-left", "devices": ["a0b100000001"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null, "bridge_id": null}, "7": {"name": "winter top-centre", "devices": ["a0b100000002"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null, "bridge_id": null}, "8": {"name": "winter top-right", "devices": ["a0b100000003"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null, "bridge_id": null}, "9": {"name": "winter bottom-left", "devices": ["a0b100000004"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null, "bridge_id": null}, "10": {"name": "winter bottom-centre", "devices": ["a0b100000005"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null, "bridge_id": null}, "11": {"name": "winter bottom-right", "devices": ["a0b100000006"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, "step_increment": 1, "n1": 0, "n2": 0, "n3": 0, "n4": 0, "n5": 0, "n6": 0, "n7": 0, "n8": 0, "wifi_driver_display_name": null, "wifi_driver_num_leds": null, "bridge_id": null}, "12": {"name": "winter top row", "devices": ["a0b100000001", "a0b100000002", "a0b100000003"], "profile_id": "3", "wifi_color_order": "rgb", "wifi_startup_mode": "default", "output_brightness": 255, "pattern": "on", "colors": ["000000", "E8F4FF"], "brightness": 100, "delay": 100, "step_offset": 0, 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diff --git a/db/preset.json b/db/preset.json
index ab14a8b..5f3b074 100644
--- a/db/preset.json
+++ b/db/preset.json
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/db/sequence.json b/db/sequence.json
index 66221ef..57c8748 100644
--- a/db/sequence.json
+++ b/db/sequence.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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"loop": true}, "16": {"name": "Winter showcase", "profile_id": "3", "group_ids": ["17"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "80", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "81", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "82", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "83", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "84", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "79", "beats": 8}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["17"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "80", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "81", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "82", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "83", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "84", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "79", "beats": 8}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 72, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"1": {"name": "Pulse (manual)", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["18"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "6", "beats": 1}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["18"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "6", "beats": 1}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 120, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "2": {"name": "Off (1 beat)", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["5"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "2", "beats": 1}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["5"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "2", "beats": 1}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 120, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": false}, "3": {"name": "On (1 beat)", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["5"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "1", "beats": 1}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["5"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "1", "beats": 1}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 120, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": false}, "4": {"name": "Rainbow \u2192 transition \u2192 off", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["18"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "3", "beats": 4}, {"preset_id": "4", "beats": 4}, {"preset_id": "2", "beats": 2}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["18"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "3", "beats": 4}, {"preset_id": "4", "beats": 4}, {"preset_id": "2", "beats": 2}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 100, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "5": {"name": "Manual pulse + chase", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["18"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "6", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "5", "beats": 2}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["18"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "6", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "5", "beats": 2}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 120, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "6": {"name": "RGB solid cycle", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["5"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "11", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "12", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "9", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "10", "beats": 2}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["5"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "11", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "12", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "9", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "10", "beats": 2}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 90, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "7": {"name": "Winter trio", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["18"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "64", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "65", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "66", "beats": 8}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["18"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "64", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "65", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "66", "beats": 8}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 80, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "8": {"name": "Fast rainbow", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["18"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "3", "beats": 4}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["18"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "3", "beats": 4}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 180, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "9": {"name": "Off then on", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["18"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "2", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "1", "beats": 4}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["18"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "2", "beats": 2}, {"preset_id": "1", "beats": 4}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 120, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "10": {"name": "Twinkle + flame", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["18"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "41", "beats": 6}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["18"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "41", "beats": 6}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 110, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "11": {"name": "radiate chase", "profile_id": "1", "group_ids": ["18"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "42", "beats": 12}, {"preset_id": "5", "beats": 4}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["18"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "42", "beats": 12}, {"preset_id": "5", "beats": 4}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 120, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "12": {"name": "Winter cell cascade", "profile_id": "3", "group_ids": ["17"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "80", "beats": 6}], [{"preset_id": "85", "beats": 6}], [{"preset_id": "81", "beats": 6}], [{"preset_id": "82", "beats": 6}], [{"preset_id": "83", "beats": 6}], [{"preset_id": "84", "beats": 6}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["6"], ["7"], ["8"], ["9"], ["10"], ["11"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "80", "beats": 6}, {"preset_id": "85", "beats": 6}, {"preset_id": "81", "beats": 6}, {"preset_id": "82", "beats": 6}, {"preset_id": "83", "beats": 6}, {"preset_id": "84", "beats": 6}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 85, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "13": {"name": "Winter row waves", "profile_id": "3", "group_ids": ["17"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "81", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "80", "beats": 8}], [{"preset_id": "83", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "82", "beats": 8}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["12"], ["13"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "81", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "80", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "83", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "82", "beats": 8}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 80, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "14": {"name": "Winter column chase", "profile_id": "3", "group_ids": ["17"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "87", "beats": 12}], [{"preset_id": "79", "beats": 12}], [{"preset_id": "84", "beats": 12}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["14"], ["15"], ["16"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "87", "beats": 12}, {"preset_id": "79", "beats": 12}, {"preset_id": "84", "beats": 12}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 95, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "15": {"name": "Winter full blizzard", "profile_id": "3", "group_ids": ["17"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "81", "beats": 16}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["17"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "81", "beats": 16}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 75, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}, "16": {"name": "Winter showcase", "profile_id": "3", "group_ids": ["17"], "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "80", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "81", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "82", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "83", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "84", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "79", "beats": 8}]], "lanes_group_ids": [["17"]], "advance_mode": "beats", "steps": [{"preset_id": "80", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "81", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "82", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "83", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "84", "beats": 8}, {"preset_id": "79", "beats": 8}], "step_duration_ms": 3000, "simulated_bpm": 72, "sequence_transition": 500, "loop": true}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/API.md b/docs/API.md
index c4a2442..e3a6ead 100644
--- a/docs/API.md
+++ b/docs/API.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 This document covers:
 
 1. **HTTP and WebSocket** exposed by the Raspberry Pi app (`src/main.py`) — profiles, zones, presets, transport send, pattern OTA helpers, and related resources.
-2. **LED driver JSON** — the compact **v1** message format. It is sent over the **serial → ESP-NOW bridge** to ESP32 peers and as **single JSON text messages** over the **outbound WebSocket** to **Wi-Fi** drivers (same logical fields).
+2. **LED driver JSON** — the compact **v1** message format. It is sent over the **ESP-NOW bridge** (WebSocket) to ESP32 peers and as **single JSON text messages** over the **outbound WebSocket** to **Wi-Fi** drivers (same logical fields).
 
 Default HTTP listen address: `0.0.0.0`. Port defaults to **80**; override with the **`PORT`** environment variable (see `pipenv run run`).
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Profiles are selected with **`POST /profiles/<id>/apply`**, which sets `current_
 
 Connect to **`ws://<host>:<port>/ws`**.
 
-- Send **JSON**: the object is forwarded through the **serial sender** (6-byte MAC prefix + payload to the ESP-NOW bridge). Optional key **`to`**: 12-character hex MAC address; if present it is removed from the object and the payload is sent to that peer; otherwise the default destination from settings is used.
+- Send **JSON**: the object is forwarded through the **ESP-NOW bridge** (devices envelope or legacy MAC-prefixed payload). Optional key **`to`**: 12-character hex MAC address; if present it is removed from the object and the payload is sent to that peer; otherwise the default destination from settings is used.
 - Send **non-JSON text**: forwarded as raw bytes with the default address.
 - On send failure, the server may reply with `{"error": "Send failed"}`.
 
diff --git a/docs/espnow-architecture.md b/docs/espnow-architecture.md
index b3e5bc8..086dcb2 100644
--- a/docs/espnow-architecture.md
+++ b/docs/espnow-architecture.md
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ Configure the Pi in `settings.json`:
 ```json
 {
   "bridge_ws_url": "ws://192.168.4.1/ws",
-  "wifi_channel": 6
+  "wifi_channel": 5
 }
 ```
 
-Connect the Pi to the **bridge access point** (SSID = bridge `name` in `/settings.json`, default IP **192.168.4.1**). All nodes must use the same 2.4 GHz **channel** (Pi sends `BRIDGE_CH` on connect; bridge updates AP + ESP-NOW STA).
+Connect the Pi to the **bridge access point** (SSID = bridge `name` in `/settings.json`, default IP **192.168.4.1**). All nodes must use the same 2.4 GHz **channel**: set `wifi_channel` in the bridge and each led-driver `/settings.json` (applied at boot on those devices). The Pi stores `wifi_channel` in its own `settings.json` for alignment (restart led-controller after changing).
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/docs/espnow-binary-protocol.md b/docs/espnow-binary-protocol.md
index c1dd36a..84cec45 100644
--- a/docs/espnow-binary-protocol.md
+++ b/docs/espnow-binary-protocol.md
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ All ESP-NOW datagrams and Pi↔bridge WebSocket frames use **binary only** (no J
 | `0x02` | `GROUPS` | Controller → driver |
 | `0x03` | `CMD` | Controller → driver |
 | `0x04` | `GROUP_CMD` | Controller → broadcast |
+| `0x05` | `PING_REQ` | Controller → broadcast |
+| `0x06` | `PING_RSP` | Driver → controller (unicast) |
 | `0x10` | `BRIDGE_CH` | Controller → broadcast |
 
 ### ANNOUNCE (`0x01`)
@@ -57,6 +59,24 @@ Bytes 2… are a **v2 binary envelope** (see `src/util/binary_envelope.py`): 5-b
 
 Drivers apply the nested envelope only if `group_id` is in their stored group list.
 
+### PING_REQ (`0x05`)
+
+Controller discovery ping (broadcast). Drivers reply with **PING_RSP** after a random delay (50–500 ms) to reduce ESP-NOW collisions.
+
+| Field | Type |
+|-------|------|
+| ping_id | u32 LE |
+
+### PING_RSP (`0x06`)
+
+Unicast to the bridge/controller peer that sent the request (ESP-NOW source MAC of the received **PING_REQ**).
+
+| Field | Type |
+|-------|------|
+| ping_id | u32 LE |
+| name_len | u8 |
+| name | UTF-8 |
+
 ### BRIDGE_CH (`0x10`)
 
 | Field | Type |
diff --git a/docs/help.md b/docs/help.md
index 5e604db..7aea1e1 100644
--- a/docs/help.md
+++ b/docs/help.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # LED controller — user guide
 
-This page describes the **main web UI** served from the Raspberry Pi app: profiles, **zones**, presets, colour palettes, and sending commands to LED devices. Traffic may go over the **serial → ESP-NOW bridge** or **Wi-Fi** (TCP to drivers on the LAN), depending on each device’s transport.
+This page describes the **main web UI** served from the Raspberry Pi app: profiles, **zones**, presets, colour palettes, and sending commands to LED devices. Traffic may go over the **ESP-NOW bridge** (WebSocket) or **Wi-Fi** (TCP to drivers on the LAN), depending on each device’s transport.
 
 For HTTP routes and the wire format the driver expects, see **[API.md](API.md)**. For running the app locally, see the project **README**.
 
diff --git a/espnow-sender/README.md b/espnow-sender/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index f646220..0000000
--- a/espnow-sender/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# espnow-sender (ESP-NOW bridge)
-
-ESP32 firmware that relays **binary** ESP-NOW packets to/from led-controller over WebSocket.
-
-Layout matches **led-driver** so you deploy with **led-tool** from this directory:
-
-```
-espnow-sender/
-  src/          # uploaded to device root via --src
-    main.py
-    wifi_ap.py
-    util.py
-    espnow_wire.py
-  lib/          # uploaded to /lib via --lib
-    aioespnow.py
-    microdot/
-```
-
-## Deploy with led-tool
-
-```bash
-cd espnow-sender
-python ../led-tool/cli.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 --src --lib -r -f
-```
-
-| Flag | Effect |
-|------|--------|
-| `--src` | Upload `./src` → device `:/` (`main.py`, `util.py`, `espnow_wire.py`) |
-| `--lib` | Upload `./lib` → device `/lib` (aioespnow, Microdot) |
-| `-r` | Reset after upload |
-| `-f` | Follow serial output |
-
-From **led-controller** root:
-
-```bash
-python led-tool/cli.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 --src --lib -r -f
-```
-
-(run with `cwd` = `espnow-sender`, or `cd espnow-sender` first)
-
-Optional: `--force-upload` to ignore `file_hashes.json` on the device.
-
-## Runtime
-
-- **Wi-Fi access point** (default IP **192.168.4.1**): connect the Pi to the bridge SSID (`name` in `/settings.json`, e.g. `bridge-aabbccddeeff`)
-- WebSocket server: `/ws` on port **80** — set Pi `bridge_ws_url` to `ws://192.168.4.1/ws` (or the printed IP)
-- Optional `ap_password` in `/settings.json` (empty = open network)
-- Default Wi-Fi channel: **6** (Pi sends `BRIDGE_CH` on connect; updates AP + ESP-NOW STA)
-- Max **20** ESP-NOW peers (LRU eviction)
-
-## Protocol
-
-- [docs/espnow-architecture.md](../docs/espnow-architecture.md)
-- [docs/espnow-binary-protocol.md](../docs/espnow-binary-protocol.md)
diff --git a/espnow-sender/lib/aioespnow.py b/espnow-sender/lib/aioespnow.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5d78075..0000000
--- a/espnow-sender/lib/aioespnow.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# aioespnow module for MicroPython on ESP32 and ESP8266
-# MIT license; Copyright (c) 2022 Glenn Moloney @glenn20
-# Vendored from micropython-lib/micropython/aioespnow
-
-import asyncio
-import espnow
-
-
-class AIOESPNow(espnow.ESPNow):
-    async def arecv(self):
-        yield asyncio.core._io_queue.queue_read(self)
-        return self.recv(0)
-
-    async def airecv(self):
-        yield asyncio.core._io_queue.queue_read(self)
-        return self.irecv(0)
-
-    async def asend(self, mac, msg=None, sync=None):
-        if msg is None:
-            msg, mac = mac, None
-        yield asyncio.core._io_queue.queue_write(self)
-        return self.send(mac, msg, sync)
-
-    def __aiter__(self):
-        return self
-
-    async def __anext__(self):
-        return await self.airecv()
diff --git a/espnow-sender/msg.json b/espnow-sender/msg.json
deleted file mode 100644
index d28ca24..0000000
--- a/espnow-sender/msg.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "v": "1",
-    "dv": {
-        "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff": {
-            "p": {
-                "preset_id": {
-                    "p": "on",
-                    "c": ["#FF0000"],
-                    "d": 100,
-                    "b": 255,
-                    "a": true
-                }
-            },
-            "s": ["preset_id", 0],
-            "sv": true,
-            "df": "preset_id",
-            "b": 255,
-            "g": ["5", "18"],
-            "sg": true
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/espnow-sender/src/bridge_http.py b/espnow-sender/src/bridge_http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdfe479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/espnow-sender/src/bridge_http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""HTTP settings API for the ESP-NOW bridge (AP IP, password, channel)."""
+
+import json
+
+from settings import WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
+
+_SETTINGS_KEYS = frozenset(
+    {"name", "ap_ip", "ap_password", "wifi_channel", "ws_port", "max_peers"}
+)
+
+
+def _parse_ipv4(value):
+    parts = str(value).strip().split(".")
+    if len(parts) != 4:
+        raise ValueError("ap_ip must be dotted IPv4")
+    out = []
+    for p in parts:
+        n = int(p)
+        if n < 0 or n > 255:
+            raise ValueError("ap_ip octet out of range")
+        out.append(n)
+    return ".".join(str(x) for x in out)
+
+
+def public_settings(settings):
+    return {
+        "name": settings.get("name", ""),
+        "ap_ip": settings.get("ap_ip", "192.168.4.1"),
+        "ap_password_set": bool(str(settings.get("ap_password") or "").strip()),
+        "wifi_channel": settings.get("wifi_channel", WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT),
+        "ws_port": settings.get("ws_port", 80),
+        "max_peers": settings.get("max_peers", 20),
+    }
+
+
+def apply_settings_update(settings, data):
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        raise ValueError("body must be a JSON object")
+    reboot_required = False
+    if "name" in data:
+        name = str(data["name"] or "").strip()
+        if not name:
+            raise ValueError("name is required")
+        if len(name) > 32:
+            raise ValueError("name too long")
+        settings["name"] = name
+        reboot_required = True
+    if "ap_ip" in data:
+        settings["ap_ip"] = _parse_ipv4(data["ap_ip"])
+        reboot_required = True
+    if "ap_password" in data:
+        pw = str(data["ap_password"] or "")
+        if pw and len(pw) < 8:
+            raise ValueError("ap_password must be at least 8 characters or empty")
+        settings["ap_password"] = pw
+        reboot_required = True
+    if "wifi_channel" in data:
+        ch = int(data["wifi_channel"])
+        if ch < 1 or ch > 11:
+            raise ValueError("wifi_channel must be 1–11")
+        settings["wifi_channel"] = ch
+        reboot_required = True
+    if "ws_port" in data:
+        port = int(data["ws_port"])
+        if port < 1 or port > 65535:
+            raise ValueError("ws_port out of range")
+        settings["ws_port"] = port
+    if "max_peers" in data:
+        settings["max_peers"] = max(1, min(20, int(data["max_peers"])))
+    return reboot_required
+
+
+def register_bridge_routes(app, settings):
+    @app.get("/settings")
+    async def get_bridge_settings(request):
+        return json.dumps(public_settings(settings)), 200, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+
+    @app.put("/settings")
+    async def put_bridge_settings(request):
+        try:
+            data = request.json
+            reboot_required = apply_settings_update(settings, data)
+            settings.save()
+            body = public_settings(settings)
+            body["message"] = "Settings saved"
+            body["reboot_required"] = reboot_required
+            return json.dumps(body), 200, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+        except ValueError as err:
+            return json.dumps({"error": str(err)}), 400, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+        except Exception as err:
+            return json.dumps({"error": str(err)}), 500, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
diff --git a/espnow-sender/src/downlink_router.py b/espnow-sender/src/downlink_router.py
deleted file mode 100644
index af66b21..0000000
--- a/espnow-sender/src/downlink_router.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-"""Route Pi v1 devices envelope to ESP-NOW unicast or broadcast."""
-
-import json
-import utime
-
-from espnow_wire import BROADCAST_MAC
-from util import parse_mac
-from v1_wire import (
-    ENV_DEVICES,
-    K_PRESETS,
-    K_SELECT,
-    K_SET_GROUPS,
-    _WIRE_KEYS,
-    envelope_devices,
-    normalize_body,
-)
-
-MAX_ESPNOW_PAYLOAD = 250
-_CHUNK_DELAY_MS = 50
-
-
-def is_devices_envelope(raw):
-    if not raw:
-        return False
-    if isinstance(raw, str):
-        raw = raw.encode("utf-8")
-    if raw[0:1] != b"{":
-        return False
-    try:
-        data = json.loads(raw)
-    except (ValueError, TypeError):
-        return False
-    return (
-        isinstance(data, dict)
-        and data.get("v") == "1"
-        and envelope_devices(data) is not None
-    )
-
-
-def _encode_v1(fields):
-    out = {"v": "1"}
-    short = normalize_body(fields)
-    for key in _WIRE_KEYS:
-        if key in short:
-            out[key] = short[key]
-    return json.dumps(out, separators=(",", ":")).encode("utf-8")
-
-
-def _payload_len(fields):
-    return len(_encode_v1(fields))
-
-
-def payloads_from_body(body):
-    """One or more ESP-NOW payloads (each <= MAX_ESPNOW_PAYLOAD)."""
-    if not isinstance(body, dict):
-        raise ValueError("device body must be object")
-    short = normalize_body(body)
-    if _payload_len(short) <= MAX_ESPNOW_PAYLOAD:
-        return [_encode_v1(short)]
-
-    parts = []
-    meta = {}
-    for key in _WIRE_KEYS:
-        if key in short and key not in (K_PRESETS, K_SELECT):
-            meta[key] = short[key]
-
-    presets = short.get(K_PRESETS)
-    select = short.get(K_SELECT)
-
-    if presets and isinstance(presets, dict):
-        one = dict(meta)
-        one[K_PRESETS] = presets
-        if _payload_len(one) <= MAX_ESPNOW_PAYLOAD:
-            parts.append(_encode_v1(one))
-        else:
-            for pid, pdata in presets.items():
-                chunk = dict(meta)
-                chunk[K_PRESETS] = {pid: pdata}
-                if _payload_len(chunk) > MAX_ESPNOW_PAYLOAD:
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "single preset too large (%d B)" % _payload_len(chunk)
-                    )
-                parts.append(_encode_v1(chunk))
-
-    if select is not None:
-        sel = dict(meta)
-        sel.pop(K_SAVE, None)
-        sel[K_SELECT] = select
-        if _payload_len(sel) > MAX_ESPNOW_PAYLOAD:
-            raise ValueError("select too large (%d B)" % _payload_len(sel))
-        parts.append(_encode_v1(sel))
-
-    if not parts:
-        raise ValueError("driver payload too large (%d B)" % _payload_len(short))
-    return parts
-
-
-async def ensure_peer(esp, mac_bytes):
-    try:
-        esp.add_peer(mac_bytes)
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-
-async def send_unicast(esp, peer_table, mac_bytes, payload):
-    await ensure_peer(esp, mac_bytes)
-    peer_table.touch(mac_bytes)
-    await esp.asend(mac_bytes, payload)
-
-
-async def _send_payloads(esp, peer_table, dest, payloads):
-    for i, payload in enumerate(payloads):
-        if peer_table.is_broadcast_mac(dest):
-            await ensure_peer(esp, BROADCAST_MAC)
-            await esp.asend(BROADCAST_MAC, payload)
-        else:
-            await send_unicast(esp, peer_table, dest, payload)
-        if i + 1 < len(payloads):
-            utime.sleep_ms(_CHUNK_DELAY_MS)
-
-
-async def send_device_body(esp, peer_table, mac_str, body):
-    dest = parse_mac(mac_str)
-    payloads = payloads_from_body(body)
-    set_groups = bool(body.get("set_groups") or body.get("sg"))
-
-    if set_groups:
-        if peer_table.is_broadcast_mac(dest):
-            targets = peer_table.peers()
-            if not targets:
-                print("set_groups: no peers yet")
-                return
-            for peer in targets:
-                await _send_payloads(esp, peer_table, peer, payloads)
-        else:
-            await _send_payloads(esp, peer_table, dest, payloads)
-        return
-
-    await _send_payloads(esp, peer_table, dest, payloads)
-
-
-async def route_envelope(esp, peer_table, raw):
-    if isinstance(raw, str):
-        raw = raw.encode("utf-8")
-    data = json.loads(raw)
-    devices = envelope_devices(data) or {}
-    for mac_str, body in devices.items():
-        try:
-            await send_device_body(esp, peer_table, mac_str, body)
-        except ValueError as err:
-            print("downlink skip", mac_str, err)
-        except Exception as err:
-            print("downlink err", mac_str, err)
diff --git a/espnow-sender/src/espnow_wire.py b/espnow-sender/src/espnow_wire.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a1b4c98..0000000
--- a/espnow-sender/src/espnow_wire.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-"""ESP-NOW / WebSocket framing (MicroPython). See docs/espnow-binary-protocol.md."""
-
-WIRE_MAGIC = 0x4C
-MSG_BRIDGE_CH = 0x10
-BROADCAST_MAC = b"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff"
-WS_FLAG_BROADCAST = 0x01
-MAX_PEERS = 20
-
-
-def parse_ws_downlink(frame):
-    """Return (peer_bytes, espnow_packet, is_broadcast)."""
-    if not frame or len(frame) < 8:
-        raise ValueError("frame too short")
-    flags = frame[0]
-    peer = frame[1:7]
-    pkt = frame[7:]
-    broadcast = bool(flags & WS_FLAG_BROADCAST) or peer == BROADCAST_MAC
-    return peer, pkt, broadcast
-
-
-def pack_ws_uplink(peer, espnow_packet):
-    return bytes([0]) + peer + espnow_packet
-
-
-def pack_ws_downlink(espnow_packet, peer_mac=None, broadcast=False):
-    flags = WS_FLAG_BROADCAST if broadcast else 0
-    if broadcast:
-        peer = BROADCAST_MAC
-    else:
-        if peer_mac is None or len(peer_mac) != 6:
-            raise ValueError("peer MAC required for unicast downlink")
-        peer = peer_mac
-    return bytes([flags]) + peer + espnow_packet
-
-
-def parse_bridge_channel(pkt):
-    if len(pkt) >= 3 and pkt[0] == WIRE_MAGIC and pkt[1] == MSG_BRIDGE_CH:
-        return pkt[2]
-    return None
diff --git a/espnow-sender/src/main.py b/espnow-sender/src/main.py
index ba8710c..c44d09f 100644
--- a/espnow-sender/src/main.py
+++ b/espnow-sender/src/main.py
@@ -6,37 +6,28 @@ from microdot.websocket import WebSocketError, with_websocket
 
 import aioespnow
 import machine
-import network
 from settings import Settings
 from espnow_wire import BROADCAST_MAC, pack_ws_uplink
 from peer_table import PeerTable, load_max_peers
 from downlink_router import is_devices_envelope, route_envelope
+from wifi_ap import init_bridge_network
+from util import print_bridge_ip
+from bridge_http import register_bridge_routes
+from machine import UART, Pin
 
 wdt = machine.WDT(timeout=10000)
 wdt.feed()
+machine.freq(160000000)
 settings = Settings()
 print(settings)
 
+uart = UART(1, baudrate=921600, tx=Pin(2), rx=Pin(3))
+
 app = Microdot()
+register_bridge_routes(app, settings)
 
-ch = settings.get("wifi_channel", 1)
-try:
-    ch = max(1, min(11, int(ch)))
-except (TypeError, ValueError):
-    ch = 1
-
-ap_if = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
-ap_if.active(True)
-ap_if.config(
-    ssid=settings.get("name"),
-    password=settings.get("ap_password"),
-    channel=ch,
-)
-print(ap_if.ifconfig())
-
-sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
-sta_if.active(True)
-print(sta_if.config("channel"))
+init_bridge_network(settings)
+print_bridge_ip(settings.get("ws_port", 80))
 
 esp = aioespnow.AIOESPNow()
 esp.active(True)
@@ -56,7 +47,7 @@ def _note_uplink_peer(host, msg):
                     name = data.get("name")
             except (ValueError, TypeError):
                 pass
-        peer_table.touch(host, name)
+        peer_table.touch(host, name, esp)
 
 
 @app.route("/ws")
@@ -103,6 +94,26 @@ async def _espnow_receive_loop():
                 dead.append(client)
         for client in dead:
             clients.discard(client)
+        uart.write(msg)
+
+
+async def _serial_receive_loop():
+    while True:
+        if uart.any():
+            raw = uart.read()
+            print(raw)
+            try:
+                if is_devices_envelope(raw):
+                    await route_envelope(esp, peer_table, raw)
+                else:
+                    await esp.asend(BROADCAST_MAC, raw)
+                print(raw)
+                print("ws tx", len(raw), "B")
+            except Exception as err:
+                print(err)
+                break
+           
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
 
 
 async def _wdt_feed_loop():
@@ -114,6 +125,7 @@ async def _wdt_feed_loop():
 async def main():
     asyncio.create_task(_wdt_feed_loop())
     asyncio.create_task(_espnow_receive_loop())
+    asyncio.create_task(_serial_receive_loop())
     await app.start_server(host="0.0.0.0", port=80)
 
 
diff --git a/espnow-sender/src/peer_table.py b/espnow-sender/src/peer_table.py
index 5eabc6e..289228a 100644
--- a/espnow-sender/src/peer_table.py
+++ b/espnow-sender/src/peer_table.py
@@ -7,24 +7,71 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     Settings = None
 
+# ESP32 counts the broadcast peer toward the ~20 peer limit.
+_RESERVED_FOR_BROADCAST = 1
+
 
 class PeerTable:
     def __init__(self, max_peers=20):
-        self._max = max(1, int(max_peers))
+        limit = max(1, int(max_peers) - _RESERVED_FOR_BROADCAST)
+        self._max = limit
         self._order = []
         self._names = {}
 
-    def touch(self, mac_bytes, name=None):
+    def _evict_lru(self, esp):
+        if not self._order:
+            return
+        old = self._order.pop(0)
+        self._names.pop(old, None)
+        if esp is not None:
+            try:
+                esp.del_peer(old)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+    def touch(self, mac_bytes, name=None, esp=None):
+        """Note a peer from uplink (LRU). Pass ``esp`` so evictions free ESP-NOW slots."""
         if not mac_bytes or len(mac_bytes) != 6:
             return
+        if mac_bytes == BROADCAST_MAC:
+            return
         if mac_bytes in self._order:
             self._order.remove(mac_bytes)
         elif len(self._order) >= self._max:
-            old = self._order.pop(0)
-            self._names.pop(old, None)
+            self._evict_lru(esp)
         self._order.append(mac_bytes)
         if name:
             self._names[mac_bytes] = str(name)
+        if esp is not None:
+            try:
+                esp.add_peer(mac_bytes)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+    def ensure_peer(self, esp, mac_bytes):
+        """Register ``mac_bytes`` on ESP-NOW, evicting LRU peers when the table is full."""
+        if not mac_bytes or len(mac_bytes) != 6:
+            return False
+        if mac_bytes == BROADCAST_MAC:
+            try:
+                esp.add_peer(mac_bytes)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+            return True
+        if mac_bytes in self._order:
+            self._order.remove(mac_bytes)
+            self._order.append(mac_bytes)
+        else:
+            while len(self._order) >= self._max:
+                self._evict_lru(esp)
+            self._order.append(mac_bytes)
+        # Uplink touch() only updates LRU; always add_peer before unicast send.
+        try:
+            esp.add_peer(mac_bytes)
+        except OSError as err:
+            print("add_peer failed", err)
+            return False
+        return True
 
     def peers(self):
         return list(self._order)
diff --git a/espnow-sender/src/util.py b/espnow-sender/src/util.py
index c65e8f4..b0e3425 100644
--- a/espnow-sender/src/util.py
+++ b/espnow-sender/src/util.py
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ def print_bridge_ip(ws_port=80):
         print("bridge IP: (AP not up)")
         return
 
-    # Prefer AP address — Pi joins the bridge access point.
     ips.sort(key=lambda x: 0 if x[0] == "AP" else 1)
-    label, ip = ips[0]
-    print("bridge IP (%s):" % label, ip)
+    _label, ip = ips[0]
+    print("bridge IP (AP):", ip)
     print("bridge_ws_url: ws://%s:%s/ws" % (ip, port))
diff --git a/espnow-sender/src/v1_wire.py b/espnow-sender/src/v1_wire.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 03bda57..0000000
--- a/espnow-sender/src/v1_wire.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-"""Short v1 wire keys (MicroPython)."""
-
-K_PRESETS = "p"
-K_SELECT = "s"
-K_GROUPS = "g"
-K_SET_GROUPS = "sg"
-K_SAVE = "sv"
-K_DEFAULT = "df"
-K_DEVICE_CONFIG = "dc"
-K_CLEAR_PRESETS = "cp"
-K_MANIFEST = "mf"
-ENV_DEVICES = "dv"
-
-_LONG_TO_SHORT = {
-    "presets": K_PRESETS,
-    "select": K_SELECT,
-    "groups": K_GROUPS,
-    "set_groups": K_SET_GROUPS,
-    "save": K_SAVE,
-    "default": K_DEFAULT,
-    "device_config": K_DEVICE_CONFIG,
-    "clear_presets": K_CLEAR_PRESETS,
-    "manifest": K_MANIFEST,
-}
-
-def _normalize_select(val):
-    if isinstance(val, list):
-        return val
-    if isinstance(val, str) and val.strip():
-        return [val.strip()]
-    if isinstance(val, dict) and "preset" in val:
-        out = [val["preset"]]
-        if "step" in val:
-            out.append(val["step"])
-        return out
-    if isinstance(val, dict) and len(val) == 1:
-        one = next(iter(val.values()))
-        if isinstance(one, list):
-            return one
-    return val
-
-
-_WIRE_KEYS = (
-    K_PRESETS,
-    K_SELECT,
-    K_SAVE,
-    K_DEFAULT,
-    "b",
-    K_GROUPS,
-    K_SET_GROUPS,
-    K_DEVICE_CONFIG,
-    K_CLEAR_PRESETS,
-    K_MANIFEST,
-)
-
-
-def normalize_body(body):
-    """Long or short body → short keys for encoding."""
-    if not isinstance(body, dict):
-        return body
-    out = {}
-    for long_key, short_key in _LONG_TO_SHORT.items():
-        if long_key in body:
-            val = body[long_key]
-            if long_key == "select":
-                val = _normalize_select(val)
-            out[short_key] = val
-        elif short_key in body:
-            out[short_key] = body[short_key]
-    if "b" in body:
-        out["b"] = body["b"]
-    return out
-
-
-def envelope_devices(data):
-    if not isinstance(data, dict):
-        return None
-    devs = data.get("devices")
-    if devs is None:
-        devs = data.get(ENV_DEVICES)
-    return devs if isinstance(devs, dict) else None
diff --git a/espnow-sender/src/wifi_ap.py b/espnow-sender/src/wifi_ap.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d8221f3..0000000
--- a/espnow-sender/src/wifi_ap.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-"""Bridge Wi-Fi: AP for Pi WebSocket client, STA for ESP-NOW (ESP32-C3: AP first)."""
-
-import time
-
-import network
-
-
-def _wait_active(wlan, timeout_ms=1000):
-    for _ in range(timeout_ms // 20):
-        if wlan.active():
-            return True
-        time.sleep_ms(20)
-    return bool(wlan.active())
-
-
-def _boot_channel(settings):
-    try:
-        return max(1, min(11, int(settings.get("wifi_channel", 6))))
-    except (TypeError, ValueError):
-        return 6
-
-
-def init_bridge_network(settings):
-    """Bring up AP (Pi) then STA (ESP-NOW). Channel set on AP at boot only."""
-    ch = _boot_channel(settings)
-    sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
-    ap = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
-
-    try:
-        sta.active(False)
-        ap.active(False)
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-    time.sleep_ms(100)
-
-    essid = settings.get("name") or "espnow-bridge"
-    password = settings.get("ap_password") or ""
-
-    ap.active(True)
-    if not _wait_active(ap):
-        raise RuntimeError("AP did not become active")
-
-    if password:
-        ap.config(essid=essid, password=password, channel=ch)
-    else:
-        ap.config(essid=essid, channel=ch)
-
-    ap_ip = settings.get("ap_ip") or "192.168.4.1"
-    try:
-        ap.ifconfig((ap_ip, "255.255.255.0", ap_ip, "8.8.8.8"))
-    except Exception as e:
-        print("ap ifconfig:", e)
-
-    sta.active(True)
-    if not _wait_active(sta):
-        raise RuntimeError("STA did not become active")
-    try:
-        sta.config(pm=network.WLAN.PM_NONE)
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-    try:
-        actual = ap.config("channel")
-    except Exception:
-        actual = ch
-    print("bridge AP:", essid, "channel=", actual, "ip=", ap.ifconfig()[0])
diff --git a/led-driver b/led-driver
index 088fe16..8403df5 160000
--- a/led-driver
+++ b/led-driver
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 088fe161a83c2f3c0408c3c48d28012b5ffbca88
+Subproject commit 8403df531da837aa046e2a0f83d9bdff41ee9476
diff --git a/led-simulator b/led-simulator
index 42c1436..4fc3345 160000
--- a/led-simulator
+++ b/led-simulator
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 42c14361e8cb82ef5e5c4fd1927b5ccddfe39764
+Subproject commit 4fc3345fc9220b4ec5593f0a39cf175f3dbcfb22
diff --git a/src/controllers/device.py b/src/controllers/device.py
index 53d8aa6..a1f0437 100644
--- a/src/controllers/device.py
+++ b/src/controllers/device.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from models.device import (
     validate_device_type,
 )
 from models.group import Group
-from models.transport import get_current_sender
+from models.transport import get_current_bridge
 from settings import get_settings
 from util.brightness_combine import effective_brightness_for_mac
 from util.driver_patterns import driver_patterns_dir
@@ -141,10 +141,10 @@ def _http_post_pattern_source(ip, filename, code_text, reload_patterns=True, tim
     return b" 2" in first_line
 
 
-async def _identify_send_off_after_delay(sender, dev_id):
+async def _identify_send_off_after_delay(bridge, dev_id):
     try:
         await asyncio.sleep(IDENTIFY_OFF_DELAY_S)
-        await sender.send(
+        await bridge.send(
             {"v": "1", "select": ["off"]},
             addr=dev_id,
         )
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ async def _identify_send_off_after_delay(sender, dev_id):
         pass
 
 
-async def _identify_send_off_after_delay_broadcast(sender, group_ids=None):
+async def _identify_send_off_after_delay_broadcast(bridge, group_ids=None):
     try:
         await asyncio.sleep(IDENTIFY_OFF_DELAY_S)
         body = {"v": "1", "select": ["off"]}
         if group_ids:
             body["groups"] = [str(g) for g in group_ids if str(g).strip()]
-        await sender.send(body)
+        await bridge.send(body)
     except Exception:
         pass
 
@@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ async def send_identify_to_device(dev_id: str) -> tuple[int, str]:
     dev = devices.read(dev_id)
     if not dev:
         return 404, "Device not found"
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return 503, "Transport not configured"
     try:
-        ok = await sender.send(
+        ok = await bridge.send(
             {
                 "v": "1",
                 "presets": {_IDENTIFY_PRESET_KEY: dict(_IDENTIFY_DRIVER_PRESET)},
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ async def send_identify_to_device(dev_id: str) -> tuple[int, str]:
             return 503, "Send failed"
 
         asyncio.create_task(
-            _identify_send_off_after_delay(sender, dev_id)
+            _identify_send_off_after_delay(bridge, dev_id)
         )
     except Exception as e:
         return 503, str(e)
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ async def send_identify_to_group_devices(
     from util.driver_delivery import deliver_json_messages
 
     errors: list[dict] = []
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return 0, [{"mac": "*", "error": "Transport not configured"}]
 
     body = {
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ async def send_identify_to_group_devices(
 
     try:
         deliveries, _chunks = await deliver_json_messages(
-            sender,
+            bridge,
             [json.dumps(body, separators=(",", ":"))],
             None,
             devices,
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ async def send_identify_to_group_devices(
     if deliveries < 1:
         return 0, errors + [{"mac": "*", "error": "Send failed"}]
 
-    asyncio.create_task(_identify_send_off_after_delay_broadcast(sender, gids))
+    asyncio.create_task(_identify_send_off_after_delay_broadcast(bridge, gids))
 
     seen: set[str] = set()
     for raw in macs:
@@ -413,6 +413,46 @@ async def delete_device(request, id):
     }
 
 
+@controller.post("/groups")
+async def update_device_groups(request):
+    """Push current group membership to all ESP-NOW drivers in the registry."""
+    _ = request
+    from util.espnow_registry import push_groups_all_espnow_devices
+
+    result = await push_groups_all_espnow_devices()
+    status = 200 if result.get("ok") else 503
+    if not result.get("total"):
+        return (
+            json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": "No ESP-NOW devices in registry"}),
+            400,
+            {"Content-Type": "application/json"},
+        )
+    return json.dumps(result), status, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+
+
+@controller.post("/ping")
+async def ping_devices(request):
+    """
+    Broadcast ESP-NOW PING_REQ; collect PING_RSP until timeout (default 3 s).
+    JSON body: ``{"timeout_s": 3.0}`` (optional).
+    """
+    from util.espnow_ping import run_ping
+
+    timeout_s = 3.0
+    try:
+        body = request.json or {}
+        if isinstance(body, dict) and body.get("timeout_s") is not None:
+            timeout_s = float(body["timeout_s"])
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return json.dumps({"error": "Invalid timeout_s"}), 400, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+    timeout_s = max(0.5, min(30.0, timeout_s))
+    result = await run_ping(timeout_s=timeout_s)
+    status = 200 if result.get("ok") else 503
+    return json.dumps(result), status, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+
+
 @controller.post("/<id>/identify")
 async def identify_device(request, id):
     """
@@ -454,13 +494,13 @@ async def push_device_output_brightness(request, id):
         zone_brightness=zb,
     )
 
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return json.dumps({"error": "Transport not configured"}), 503, {
             "Content-Type": "application/json",
         }
     try:
-        ok = await sender.send({"v": "1", "b": b_val, "save": True}, addr=id)
+        ok = await bridge.send({"v": "1", "b": b_val, "save": True}, addr=id)
         if not ok:
             return json.dumps({"error": "Send failed"}), 503, {
                 "Content-Type": "application/json",
@@ -484,8 +524,8 @@ async def push_driver_config(request, id):
         return json.dumps({"error": "Device not found"}), 404, {
             "Content-Type": "application/json",
         }
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return json.dumps({"error": "Transport not configured"}), 503, {
             "Content-Type": "application/json",
         }
@@ -514,7 +554,7 @@ async def push_driver_config(request, id):
                 "error": "Provide at least one of name, num_leds, color_order, startup_mode"
             }
         ), 400, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
-    ok = await sender.send({"v": "1", "device_config": dc, "save": True}, addr=id)
+    ok = await bridge.send({"v": "1", "device_config": dc, "save": True}, addr=id)
     if not ok:
         return json.dumps({"error": "Send failed"}), 503, {
             "Content-Type": "application/json",
diff --git a/src/controllers/group.py b/src/controllers/group.py
index 9e70e33..59c096e 100644
--- a/src/controllers/group.py
+++ b/src/controllers/group.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from microdot.session import with_session
 import asyncio
 from models.group import Group
 from models.device import Device
-from models.transport import get_current_sender
+from models.transport import get_current_bridge
 from util.espnow_registry import push_groups_for_group_devices
 from settings import get_settings
 from util.brightness_combine import effective_brightness_for_mac
@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ async def get_group(request, session, id):
     return json.dumps(group), 200, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
 
 
+def _sanitize_group_bridge_id_write(data):
+    """Per-group bridge assignment is disabled; ignore writes."""
+    if isinstance(data, dict) and "bridge_id" in data:
+        data["bridge_id"] = None
+
+
 def _sanitize_group_profile_id_write(data, session):
     """Allow ``profile_id`` only for the active profile, or null to share across profiles."""
     if not isinstance(data, dict):
@@ -92,6 +98,7 @@ async def create_group(request, session):
         name = data.get("name", "")
         profile_scoped = bool(data.pop("profile_scoped", False))
         _sanitize_group_profile_id_write(data, session)
+        _sanitize_group_bridge_id_write(data)
         group_id = groups.create(name)
         if data:
             groups.update(group_id, data)
@@ -119,6 +126,7 @@ async def update_group(request, session, id):
             return json.dumps({"error": "Invalid JSON"}), 400, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
         data = dict(data)
         _sanitize_group_profile_id_write(data, session)
+        _sanitize_group_bridge_id_write(data)
         if groups.update(id, data):
             g = groups.read(id)
             if g:
@@ -217,10 +225,10 @@ async def push_group_driver_config(request, session, id):
     mac_list = gdoc.get("devices") if isinstance(gdoc.get("devices"), list) else []
     sent = 0
     errors = []
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return json.dumps({"error": "Transport not configured"}), 503
-    body = {"v": "1", "device_config": dc, "save": True}
+    payload = {"v": "1", "device_config": dc, "save": True}
     for mac in mac_list:
         m = str(mac).strip().lower().replace(":", "").replace("-", "")
         if len(m) != 12:
@@ -230,7 +238,7 @@ async def push_group_driver_config(request, session, id):
             errors.append({"mac": m, "error": "not in registry"})
             continue
         try:
-            if await sender.send(body, addr=m):
+            if await bridge.send(payload, addr=m):
                 sent += 1
             else:
                 errors.append({"mac": m, "error": "send failed"})
@@ -260,7 +268,7 @@ async def push_group_output_brightness(request, session, id):
     mac_list = gdoc.get("devices") if isinstance(gdoc.get("devices"), list) else []
     sent = 0
     errors = []
-    sender = get_current_sender()
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
 
     async def _push_brightness_one(m: str, dev: dict) -> tuple[str, bool, str | None]:
         b_val = effective_brightness_for_mac(
@@ -270,10 +278,10 @@ async def push_group_output_brightness(request, session, id):
             m,
             zone_brightness=None,
         )
-        if not sender:
+        if not bridge:
             return m, False, "transport not configured"
         try:
-            ok = await sender.send({"v": "1", "b": b_val, "save": True}, addr=m)
+            ok = await bridge.send({"v": "1", "b": b_val, "save": True}, addr=m)
             return m, bool(ok), None if ok else "send failed"
         except Exception as e:
             return m, False, str(e)
diff --git a/src/controllers/preset.py b/src/controllers/preset.py
index 205bb15..383d682 100644
--- a/src/controllers/preset.py
+++ b/src/controllers/preset.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from models.preset import Preset
 from models.profile import Profile
 from models.pallet import Palette
 from models.device import Device, normalize_mac
-from models.transport import get_current_sender
+from models.transport import get_current_bridge
 from util.driver_delivery import (
     build_preset_json_chunks,
     deliver_json_messages,
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ async def send_presets(request, session):
     if default_id is not None and str(default_id) not in presets_by_name:
         default_id = None
 
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return json.dumps({"error": "Transport not configured"}), 503, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
 
     send_delay_s = 0.1
@@ -264,8 +264,7 @@ async def send_presets(request, session):
             deliveries = 0
             for msg in chunk_messages:
                 d, _chunks = await deliver_json_messages(
-                    sender,
-                    [msg],
+                    bridge, [msg],
                     target_list,
                     Device(),
                     delay_s=send_delay_s,
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ async def send_presets(request, session):
                     separators=(",", ":"),
                 )
                 d, _chunks = await deliver_json_messages(
-                    sender,
+                    bridge,
                     [def_msg],
                     target_list,
                     Device(),
@@ -294,7 +293,7 @@ async def send_presets(request, session):
                     body["groups"] = list(group_ids)
                 wire_messages.append(json.dumps(body, separators=(",", ":")))
             deliveries, _chunks = await deliver_json_messages(
-                sender,
+                bridge,
                 wire_messages,
                 None,
                 Device(),
@@ -343,8 +342,8 @@ async def push_driver_messages(request, session):
         if not target_list:
             target_list = None
 
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return json.dumps({"error": "Transport not configured"}), 503, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
 
     messages = []
@@ -385,7 +384,7 @@ async def push_driver_messages(request, session):
 
     try:
         deliveries, _chunks = await deliver_json_messages(
-            sender,
+            bridge,
             messages,
             target_list,
             Device(),
diff --git a/src/controllers/sequence.py b/src/controllers/sequence.py
index 4b641f7..c32818d 100644
--- a/src/controllers/sequence.py
+++ b/src/controllers/sequence.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from microdot import Microdot
 from microdot.session import with_session
 from models.sequence import Sequence
 from models.profile import Profile
-from models.transport import get_current_sender
+from models.transport import get_current_bridge
 from models.preset import Preset
 from util.profile_bundle import export_sequence_bundle, import_sequence_bundle
 import json
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ async def stop_sequence_playback(request, session):
 @with_session
 async def play_sequence(request, session, id):
     """Start server-driven playback for a sequence in a zone (body: {\"zone_id\": \"...\"})."""
-    if not get_current_sender():
+    if not get_current_bridge():
         return (
             json.dumps({"error": "Transport not configured"}),
             503,
diff --git a/src/controllers/settings.py b/src/controllers/settings.py
index 40da5b0..4821da7 100644
--- a/src/controllers/settings.py
+++ b/src/controllers/settings.py
@@ -88,6 +88,13 @@ def _validate_audio_beat_phase_ms(value):
     return v
 
 
+def _validate_audio_input_volume(value):
+    v = int(value)
+    if v < 0 or v > 200:
+        raise ValueError("audio_input_volume must be between 0 and 200")
+    return v
+
+
 @controller.put('')
 async def update_settings(request):
     """Update general settings."""
@@ -104,6 +111,8 @@ async def update_settings(request):
                 settings[key] = _validate_sequence_switch_wait(value)
             elif key == 'audio_beat_phase_ms' and value is not None:
                 settings[key] = _validate_audio_beat_phase_ms(value)
+            elif key == 'audio_input_volume' and value is not None:
+                settings[key] = _validate_audio_input_volume(value)
             else:
                 settings[key] = value
         settings.save()
diff --git a/src/controllers/wifi_bridge.py b/src/controllers/wifi_bridge.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3a59d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/controllers/wifi_bridge.py
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+"""Pi Wi‑Fi and saved ESP-NOW bridge profiles."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import secrets
+
+from microdot import Microdot
+
+from settings import get_settings
+from util.bridge_profiles import find_bridge_profile, normalise_bridges
+from util.bridge_runtime import (
+    active_bridge_profile_id,
+    bridge_connected,
+    bridge_serial_connected,
+    bridge_ws_connected,
+    connect_bridge_profile,
+    connect_bridge_serial,
+    connect_bridge_wifi,
+)
+from util.pi_wifi import list_wifi_interfaces, nmcli_available, scan_wifi
+
+controller = Microdot()
+
+
+def _bridge_transport(settings) -> str:
+    mode = str(settings.get("bridge_transport") or "wifi").strip().lower()
+    return mode if mode in ("wifi", "serial") else "wifi"
+
+
+def _bridges_payload(settings) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "ok": True,
+        "wifi_interface": settings.get("wifi_interface") or "",
+        "bridge_ws_url": settings.get("bridge_ws_url") or "",
+        "bridge_connected": bridge_connected(),
+        "bridge_wifi_connected": bridge_ws_connected(),
+        "bridge_serial_connected": bridge_serial_connected(),
+        "bridge_transport": _bridge_transport(settings),
+        "active_bridge_id": active_bridge_profile_id(settings) or "",
+        "bridge_serial_port": settings.get("bridge_serial_port") or "",
+        "bridge_serial_baudrate": int(settings.get("bridge_serial_baudrate") or 921600),
+        "bridges": normalise_bridges(settings.get("bridges")),
+    }
+
+
+@controller.get("/interfaces")
+async def wifi_interfaces(request):
+    _ = request
+    if not nmcli_available():
+        return (
+            json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": "nmcli not found (install NetworkManager)"}),
+            503,
+            {"Content-Type": "application/json"},
+        )
+    return (
+        json.dumps({"ok": True, "interfaces": list_wifi_interfaces()}),
+        200,
+        {"Content-Type": "application/json"},
+    )
+
+
+@controller.get("/scan")
+async def wifi_scan(request):
+    device = (request.args.get("device") or "").strip()
+    if not device:
+        return json.dumps({"error": "device query param required"}), 400, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+    if not nmcli_available():
+        return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": "nmcli not found"}), 503, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+    try:
+        networks = await scan_wifi(device)
+        return json.dumps({"ok": True, "device": device, "networks": networks}), 200, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+    except Exception as e:
+        return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": str(e)}), 500, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+
+
+@controller.get("/bridges")
+async def get_bridges(request):
+    _ = request
+    settings = get_settings()
+    return json.dumps(_bridges_payload(settings)), 200, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+
+
+@controller.put("/bridges")
+async def put_bridges(request):
+    try:
+        data = request.json or {}
+        settings = get_settings()
+        if "wifi_interface" in data:
+            settings["wifi_interface"] = str(data.get("wifi_interface") or "").strip()
+        if "bridge_transport" in data:
+            mode = str(data.get("bridge_transport") or "").strip().lower()
+            if mode in ("wifi", "serial"):
+                settings["bridge_transport"] = mode
+        if "bridge_ws_url" in data:
+            settings["bridge_ws_url"] = str(data.get("bridge_ws_url") or "").strip()
+        if "bridge_serial_port" in data:
+            settings["bridge_serial_port"] = str(data.get("bridge_serial_port") or "").strip()
+        if "bridge_serial_baudrate" in data:
+            settings["bridge_serial_baudrate"] = int(data.get("bridge_serial_baudrate") or 921600)
+        if "bridges" in data:
+            settings["bridges"] = normalise_bridges(data.get("bridges"))
+        settings.save()
+        return json.dumps({"ok": True, "message": "Bridge profiles saved"}), 200, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+    except Exception as e:
+        return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": str(e)}), 400, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+
+
+@controller.delete("/bridges/<bridge_id>")
+async def delete_bridge_profile(request, bridge_id):
+    _ = request
+    settings = get_settings()
+    bid = str(bridge_id or "").strip()
+    bridges = normalise_bridges(settings.get("bridges"))
+    kept = [b for b in bridges if str(b.get("id") or "") != bid]
+    if len(kept) == len(bridges):
+        return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": "Bridge profile not found"}), 404, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+    settings["bridges"] = kept
+    settings.save()
+    payload = _bridges_payload(settings)
+    payload["message"] = "Bridge profile deleted"
+    return json.dumps(payload), 200, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+
+
+@controller.post("/bridges/<bridge_id>/connect")
+async def connect_saved_bridge(request, bridge_id):
+    _ = request
+    settings = get_settings()
+    profile = find_bridge_profile(settings, bridge_id)
+    if not profile:
+        return json.dumps({"error": "Bridge profile not found"}), 404, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+    try:
+        ok, err = await connect_bridge_profile(profile, settings)
+        if not ok:
+            return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": err or "Connect failed"}), 400, {
+                "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            }
+        payload = _bridges_payload(settings)
+        payload["message"] = f"Connected to {profile.get('label')}"
+        return json.dumps(payload), 200, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    except Exception as e:
+        return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": str(e)}), 500, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+
+
+@controller.post("/connect")
+async def wifi_connect_bridge(request):
+    """Join a bridge AP and open its WebSocket."""
+    try:
+        data = request.json or {}
+        settings = get_settings()
+        device = str(data.get("device") or settings.get("wifi_interface") or "").strip()
+        ssid = str(data.get("ssid") or "").strip()
+        password = str(data.get("password") or "")
+        ap_ip = str(data.get("ap_ip") or "192.168.4.1").strip()
+        try:
+            ws_port = int(data.get("ws_port") or 80)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            ws_port = 80
+        label = str(data.get("label") or ssid).strip() or ssid
+        save_profile = bool(data.get("save_profile", True))
+        if not device:
+            return json.dumps({"error": "Wi‑Fi interface (device) is required"}), 400, {
+                "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            }
+        if not ssid:
+            return json.dumps({"error": "ssid is required"}), 400, {
+                "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            }
+        settings["wifi_interface"] = device
+        bridges = normalise_bridges(settings.get("bridges"))
+        profile_id = None
+        if save_profile:
+            profile_id = secrets.token_hex(6)
+            bridges = [
+                b
+                for b in bridges
+                if not (b.get("transport") == "wifi" and b.get("ssid") == ssid)
+            ]
+            bridges.append(
+                {
+                    "id": profile_id,
+                    "label": label,
+                    "transport": "wifi",
+                    "ssid": ssid,
+                    "password": password,
+                    "ap_ip": ap_ip,
+                    "ws_port": ws_port,
+                }
+            )
+            settings["bridges"] = bridges
+            settings.save()
+        profile = {
+            "transport": "wifi",
+            "ssid": ssid,
+            "password": password,
+            "ap_ip": ap_ip,
+            "ws_port": ws_port,
+            "wifi_interface": device,
+        }
+        ok, err = await connect_bridge_wifi(profile, settings)
+        if not ok:
+            return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": err or "Connect failed"}), 400, {
+                "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            }
+        payload = _bridges_payload(settings)
+        payload["profile_id"] = profile_id
+        payload["message"] = f"Connected to {ssid}"
+        return json.dumps(payload), 200, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    except Exception as e:
+        return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": str(e)}), 500, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
+
+
+@controller.post("/serial/connect")
+async def serial_connect_bridge(request):
+    try:
+        data = request.json or {}
+        port = str(data.get("port") or data.get("serial_port") or "").strip()
+        save_profile = bool(data.get("save_profile", True))
+        label = str(data.get("label") or port).strip() or port
+        try:
+            baud = int(data.get("baudrate") or data.get("serial_baudrate") or 921600)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            baud = 921600
+        if not port:
+            return json.dumps({"error": "port is required"}), 400, {
+                "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            }
+        settings = get_settings()
+        bridges = normalise_bridges(settings.get("bridges"))
+        profile_id = None
+        if save_profile:
+            profile_id = secrets.token_hex(6)
+            bridges = [
+                b
+                for b in bridges
+                if not (b.get("transport") == "serial" and b.get("serial_port") == port)
+            ]
+            bridges.append(
+                {
+                    "id": profile_id,
+                    "label": label,
+                    "transport": "serial",
+                    "serial_port": port,
+                    "serial_baudrate": baud,
+                }
+            )
+            settings["bridges"] = bridges
+            settings.save()
+        profile = {"transport": "serial", "serial_port": port, "serial_baudrate": baud}
+        ok, err = await connect_bridge_serial(profile, settings)
+        if not ok:
+            return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": err}), 500, {
+                "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            }
+        payload = _bridges_payload(settings)
+        payload["profile_id"] = profile_id
+        payload["message"] = f"Connected on {port}"
+        return json.dumps(payload), 200, {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    except Exception as e:
+        return json.dumps({"ok": False, "error": str(e)}), 500, {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        }
diff --git a/src/main.py b/src/main.py
index caeb998..ef95007 100644
--- a/src/main.py
+++ b/src/main.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import signal
 from microdot import Microdot, send_file
 from microdot.websocket import with_websocket
 from microdot.session import Session
-from settings import get_settings
+from settings import WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT, get_settings
 
 import controllers.preset as preset
 import controllers.profile as profile
@@ -20,10 +20,19 @@ import controllers.pattern as pattern
 import controllers.settings as settings_controller
 import controllers.device as device_controller
 import controllers.led_tool as led_tool_controller
-from models.transport import get_sender, set_sender, get_current_sender
+from models.transport import (
+    get_bridge,
+    set_bridge,
+    get_current_bridge,
+    BridgeSerialTransport,
+    BridgeWsTransport,
+)
 from models.device import Device
+from models.bridge_serial_client import init_bridge_serial_client
 from models.bridge_ws_client import init_bridge_client
 from util.espnow_registry import handle_bridge_uplink
+from util.bridge_runtime import set_bridge_uplink_handler
+import controllers.wifi_bridge as wifi_bridge_controller
 from util.audio_detector import AudioBeatDetector
 
 
@@ -37,18 +46,48 @@ async def main(port=80):
     print(settings)
     print("Starting")
 
-    sender = get_sender(settings)
-    set_sender(sender)
+    set_bridge_uplink_handler(handle_bridge_uplink)
 
-    bridge_url = str(settings.get("bridge_ws_url") or "").strip()
-    if bridge_url:
-        try:
-            ch = int(settings.get("wifi_channel", 1))
-        except (TypeError, ValueError):
-            ch = 1
-        bridge = init_bridge_client(bridge_url, wifi_channel=ch)
-        bridge.set_uplink_handler(handle_bridge_uplink)
-        bridge.start()
+    bridge = get_bridge(settings)
+    set_bridge(bridge)
+
+    bridge_mode = str(settings.get("bridge_transport") or "wifi").strip().lower()
+    if bridge_mode == "wifi":
+        ws_url = str(settings.get("bridge_ws_url") or "").strip()
+        if ws_url:
+            try:
+                ch = int(settings.get("wifi_channel", WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT))
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                ch = WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
+            ws_client = init_bridge_client(ws_url, wifi_channel=ch)
+            ws_client.set_uplink_handler(handle_bridge_uplink)
+            ws_client.start()
+            set_bridge(BridgeWsTransport())
+    elif bridge_mode == "serial":
+        serial_port = str(settings.get("bridge_serial_port") or "").strip()
+        if serial_port:
+            baud = 115200
+            for prof in settings.get("bridges") or []:
+                if not isinstance(prof, dict):
+                    continue
+                if str(prof.get("transport") or "").strip().lower() != "serial":
+                    continue
+                if str(prof.get("serial_port") or "").strip() != serial_port:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    baud = int(prof.get("serial_baudrate") or baud)
+                except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                    pass
+                break
+            else:
+                try:
+                    baud = int(settings.get("bridge_serial_baudrate") or baud)
+                except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                    pass
+            serial_client = init_bridge_serial_client(serial_port, baudrate=baud)
+            serial_client.set_uplink_handler(handle_bridge_uplink)
+            serial_client.start()
+            set_bridge(BridgeSerialTransport())
 
     app = Microdot()
     audio_detector = AudioBeatDetector()
@@ -63,7 +102,8 @@ async def main(port=80):
 
         persisted = read_audio_run_state()
         if persisted.get("enabled"):
-            dev = coerce_audio_device(persisted.get("device"))
+            sel = persisted.get("device_select") or persisted.get("device")
+            dev = coerce_audio_device(sel)
             audio_detector.start(device=dev)
             print("[startup] audio beat detector started from saved run state")
     except Exception as e:
@@ -101,6 +141,7 @@ async def main(port=80):
     app.mount(scene.controller, '/scenes')
     app.mount(pattern.controller, '/patterns')
     app.mount(settings_controller.controller, '/settings')
+    app.mount(wifi_bridge_controller.controller, '/settings/wifi')
     app.mount(device_controller.controller, '/devices')
     app.mount(led_tool_controller.controller, '/led-tool')
 
@@ -163,12 +204,13 @@ async def main(port=80):
         device = payload.get("device", None)
         if device in ("", None):
             device = None
-        else:
-            try:
-                device = int(device)
-            except (TypeError, ValueError):
-                pass
+        device_select = str(payload.get("device_select") or "").strip()
+        if not device_select and device not in ("", None):
+            device_select = str(device).strip()
         try:
+            from util.pulse_audio_devices import resolve_capture_device
+
+            device = resolve_capture_device(device)
             audio_detector.start(device=device)
             from util.audio_run_persist import write_audio_run_state
 
@@ -176,12 +218,31 @@ async def main(port=80):
                 enabled=True,
                 device=device,
                 device_override=str(payload.get("device_override") or ""),
-                device_select=str(payload.get("device_select") or ""),
+                device_select=device_select,
             )
             return {"ok": True, "status": audio_detector.status()}
         except Exception as e:
             return {"ok": False, "error": str(e)}, 500
 
+    @app.route('/api/audio/device', methods=['PUT'])
+    async def audio_set_device(request):
+        """Save preferred input device without toggling run state."""
+        payload = request.json if isinstance(request.json, dict) else {}
+        device_select = str(payload.get("device_select") or "").strip()
+        device_override = str(payload.get("device_override") or "").strip()
+        raw = device_override if device_override else device_select
+        device = raw if raw else None
+        from util.audio_run_persist import read_audio_run_state, write_audio_run_state
+
+        prev = read_audio_run_state()
+        write_audio_run_state(
+            enabled=bool(prev.get("enabled")),
+            device=device if raw else None,
+            device_override=device_override,
+            device_select=device_select,
+        )
+        return {"ok": True, "audio_run": read_audio_run_state()}
+
     @app.route('/api/audio/stop', methods=['POST'])
     async def audio_stop(request):
         _ = request
@@ -247,6 +308,11 @@ async def main(port=80):
         from util.audio_run_persist import read_audio_run_state
 
         st["beat_phase_ms"] = int(settings.get("audio_beat_phase_ms") or 0)
+        try:
+            st["input_volume"] = int(settings.get("audio_input_volume") or 100)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            st["input_volume"] = 100
+        st["input_volume"] = max(0, min(200, st["input_volume"]))
         seq_wait = str(settings.get("sequence_switch_wait") or "beat").strip().lower()
         if seq_wait not in ("beat", "downbeat"):
             seq_wait = "beat"
@@ -273,11 +339,11 @@ async def main(port=80):
                     break
                 try:
                     if isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)):
-                        await sender.send(bytes(data))
+                        await bridge.send(bytes(data))
                         continue
                     parsed = json.loads(data)
                     addr = parsed.pop("to", None)
-                    await sender.send(parsed, addr=addr)
+                    await bridge.send(parsed, addr=addr)
                 except json.JSONDecodeError:
                     pass
                 except Exception:
diff --git a/src/models/bridge_serial_client.py b/src/models/bridge_serial_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..332089f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/bridge_serial_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+"""Persistent USB/serial client to the ESP-NOW bridge."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import json
+from typing import Awaitable, Callable, Optional, Union
+
+import serial
+import serial_asyncio
+
+from util.bridge_serial_frame import feed_serial_buffer, pack_serial_frame
+from util.espnow_wire import parse_ws_frame
+
+UplinkHandler = Callable[[bytes, bytes], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+class BridgeSerialClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        port: str,
+        *,
+        baudrate: int = 921600,
+        reconnect_delay_s: float = 2.0,
+    ):
+        self._port = str(port or "").strip()
+        self._baudrate = int(baudrate)
+        self._reconnect_delay_s = reconnect_delay_s
+        self._reader: Optional[asyncio.StreamReader] = None
+        self._writer: Optional[asyncio.StreamWriter] = None
+        self._send_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        self._uplink_handler: Optional[UplinkHandler] = None
+        self._task: Optional[asyncio.Task] = None
+        self._read_task: Optional[asyncio.Task] = None
+        self._connected = asyncio.Event()
+        self._disconnect_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self._stop = False
+        self._read_buf = bytearray()
+        self._bad_frame_count = 0
+
+    def set_uplink_handler(self, handler: Optional[UplinkHandler]) -> None:
+        self._uplink_handler = handler
+
+    def _signal_disconnect(self) -> None:
+        self._connected.clear()
+        self._disconnect_event.set()
+
+    async def _close_serial(self) -> None:
+        reader = self._reader
+        writer = self._writer
+        self._reader = None
+        self._writer = None
+        if writer is not None:
+            try:
+                writer.close()
+                await writer.wait_closed()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    async def _read_loop(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            while not self._disconnect_event.is_set() and not self._stop:
+                reader = self._reader
+                if reader is None:
+                    break
+                try:
+                    chunk = await reader.read(4096)
+                except (serial.SerialException, OSError, asyncio.IncompleteReadError) as e:
+                    print(f"[bridge-serial] read error: {e!r}")
+                    break
+                if not chunk:
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+                    continue
+                frames = feed_serial_buffer(self._read_buf, chunk)
+                handler = self._uplink_handler
+                if handler is None:
+                    continue
+                for frame in frames:
+                    try:
+                        peer, pkt, _bcast = parse_ws_frame(frame)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        self._bad_frame_count += 1
+                        if self._bad_frame_count <= 3:
+                            print(
+                                f"[bridge-serial] ignored frame ({len(frame)} B), "
+                                f"expected ws uplink header"
+                            )
+                        continue
+                    self._bad_frame_count = 0
+                    await handler(peer, pkt)
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            raise
+        finally:
+            self._signal_disconnect()
+
+    async def run_forever(self) -> None:
+        while not self._stop:
+            try:
+                await self._connect_once()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                raise
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"[bridge-serial] connection error: {e!r}")
+            self._signal_disconnect()
+            self._disconnect_event.clear()
+            await self._close_serial()
+            if self._stop:
+                break
+            print("[bridge-serial] disconnected, reconnecting...")
+            await asyncio.sleep(self._reconnect_delay_s)
+
+    async def _connect_once(self) -> None:
+        if not self._port:
+            raise serial.SerialException("serial port not configured")
+        print(f"[bridge-serial] opening {self._port!r} @ {self._baudrate}")
+        self._read_buf.clear()
+        self._disconnect_event.clear()
+        reader, writer = await serial_asyncio.open_serial_connection(
+            url=self._port,
+            baudrate=self._baudrate,
+            exclusive=True,
+        )
+        self._reader = reader
+        self._writer = writer
+        self._connected.set()
+        self._read_task = asyncio.create_task(self._read_loop())
+        print("[bridge-serial] connected")
+        try:
+            await self._disconnect_event.wait()
+        finally:
+            read_task = self._read_task
+            self._read_task = None
+            if read_task is not None:
+                read_task.cancel()
+                try:
+                    await read_task
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass
+            await self._close_serial()
+
+    async def wait_connected(self, timeout: float = 30.0) -> bool:
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(self._connected.wait(), timeout=timeout)
+            writer = self._writer
+            return writer is not None and not writer.is_closing()
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            return False
+
+    async def send_packet(self, packet: Union[bytes, str, dict]) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(packet, dict):
+            packet = json.dumps(packet, separators=(",", ":"))
+        if isinstance(packet, str):
+            packet = packet.encode("utf-8")
+        if not await self.wait_connected(timeout=30.0):
+            return False
+        writer = self._writer
+        if writer is None or writer.is_closing():
+            return False
+        frame = pack_serial_frame(bytes(packet))
+        async with self._send_lock:
+            try:
+                writer = self._writer
+                if writer is None or writer.is_closing():
+                    return False
+                writer.write(frame)
+                await writer.drain()
+                return True
+            except (serial.SerialException, OSError, ConnectionError) as e:
+                print(f"[bridge-serial] send failed: {e!r}")
+                self._signal_disconnect()
+                return False
+
+    def start(self) -> asyncio.Task:
+        self._stop = False
+        if self._task is None or self._task.done():
+            self._task = asyncio.create_task(self.run_forever())
+        return self._task
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        self._stop = True
+        self._signal_disconnect()
+        task = self._task
+        if task is not None and not task.done():
+            task.cancel()
+
+
+_client: Optional[BridgeSerialClient] = None
+
+
+def get_bridge_serial_client() -> Optional[BridgeSerialClient]:
+    return _client
+
+
+def init_bridge_serial_client(port: str, *, baudrate: int = 921600) -> BridgeSerialClient:
+    global _client
+    if _client is not None:
+        _client.stop()
+    _client = BridgeSerialClient(port, baudrate=baudrate)
+    return _client
diff --git a/src/models/bridge_ws_client.py b/src/models/bridge_ws_client.py
index 6755237..4c23ea4 100644
--- a/src/models/bridge_ws_client.py
+++ b/src/models/bridge_ws_client.py
@@ -9,13 +9,16 @@ from typing import Awaitable, Callable, Optional, Union
 import websockets
 from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosed
 
+from settings import WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
 from util.espnow_wire import parse_ws_frame
 
 UplinkHandler = Callable[[bytes, bytes], Awaitable[None]]
 
 
 class BridgeWsClient:
-    def __init__(self, url: str, *, wifi_channel: int = 1, reconnect_delay_s: float = 2.0):
+    def __init__(
+        self, url: str, *, wifi_channel: int = WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT, reconnect_delay_s: float = 2.0
+    ):
         self._url = url.strip()
         self._wifi_channel = wifi_channel
         self._reconnect_delay_s = reconnect_delay_s
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@ class BridgeWsClient:
         self._task: Optional[asyncio.Task] = None
         self._connected = asyncio.Event()
         self._disconnect_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self._stop = False
 
     def set_uplink_handler(self, handler: Optional[UplinkHandler]) -> None:
         self._uplink_handler = handler
@@ -43,7 +47,7 @@ class BridgeWsClient:
                 pass
 
     async def run_forever(self) -> None:
-        while True:
+        while not self._stop:
             try:
                 await self._connect_once()
             except asyncio.CancelledError:
@@ -53,6 +57,8 @@ class BridgeWsClient:
             self._signal_disconnect()
             self._disconnect_event.clear()
             await self._close_ws()
+            if self._stop:
+                break
             print("[bridge] disconnected, reconnecting...")
             await asyncio.sleep(self._reconnect_delay_s)
 
@@ -136,10 +142,18 @@ class BridgeWsClient:
         return await self.send_packet(packet)
 
     def start(self) -> asyncio.Task:
+        self._stop = False
         if self._task is None or self._task.done():
             self._task = asyncio.create_task(self.run_forever())
         return self._task
 
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        self._stop = True
+        self._signal_disconnect()
+        task = self._task
+        if task is not None and not task.done():
+            task.cancel()
+
 
 _client: Optional[BridgeWsClient] = None
 
@@ -148,7 +162,9 @@ def get_bridge_client() -> Optional[BridgeWsClient]:
     return _client
 
 
-def init_bridge_client(url: str, *, wifi_channel: int = 1) -> BridgeWsClient:
+def init_bridge_client(url: str, *, wifi_channel: int = WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT) -> BridgeWsClient:
     global _client
+    if _client is not None:
+        _client.stop()
     _client = BridgeWsClient(url, wifi_channel=wifi_channel)
     return _client
diff --git a/src/models/device.py b/src/models/device.py
index 4442540..08bb242 100644
--- a/src/models/device.py
+++ b/src/models/device.py
@@ -38,29 +38,6 @@ def normalize_mac(mac):
     return None
 
 
-def resolve_device_mac_for_select_routing(devices, name_key):
-    """
-    Map a v1 ``select`` map key to device storage id (MAC).
-
-    Matches the registry **name**, or ``led-<12hex>`` as a MAC hint (default driver
-    name form) so routing still works after the device is renamed in the registry.
-    """
-    k = str(name_key or "").strip()
-    if not k:
-        return None
-    for did in devices.list():
-        doc = devices.read(did) or {}
-        if str(doc.get("name") or "").strip() == k:
-            m = normalize_mac(did)
-            if m:
-                return m
-    if k.startswith("led-"):
-        m = normalize_mac(k[4:])
-        if m and devices.read(m):
-            return m
-    return None
-
-
 def derive_device_mac(mac=None, address=None, transport="espnow"):
     """
     Resolve the device MAC used as storage id.
diff --git a/src/models/group.py b/src/models/group.py
index baed051..33ca67c 100644
--- a/src/models/group.py
+++ b/src/models/group.py
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ class Group(Model):
         if "output_brightness" not in doc:
             doc["output_brightness"] = 255
             changed = True
+        if "bridge_id" not in doc:
+            doc["bridge_id"] = None
+            changed = True
         return changed
 
     def create(self, name=""):
@@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ class Group(Model):
             "wifi_color_order": None,
             "wifi_startup_mode": None,
             "output_brightness": 255,
+            "bridge_id": None,
             "pattern": "on",
             "colors": ["000000", "FF0000"],
             "brightness": 100,
diff --git a/src/models/transport.py b/src/models/transport.py
index 568f583..a37a736 100644
--- a/src/models/transport.py
+++ b/src/models/transport.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-"""Transport to LED drivers via ESP-NOW bridge WebSocket."""
+"""Transport to LED drivers via ESP-NOW bridge WebSocket or USB serial."""
 
 import json
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
+from models.bridge_serial_client import get_bridge_serial_client
 from models.bridge_ws_client import get_bridge_client
 from util.bridge_envelope import (
     BROADCAST_HEX,
@@ -15,14 +16,14 @@ from util.bridge_envelope import (
 from util.espnow_wire import WIRE_MAGIC
 
 
-class NullSender:
+class NullBridge:
     """No bridge configured."""
 
     async def send(self, data, addr=None):
-        return True
+        return False
 
 
-class BridgeWsSender:
+class BridgeWsTransport:
     """Send v1 JSON or devices envelope via bridge WebSocket."""
 
     async def send(self, data: Union[bytes, str, Dict[str, Any]], addr=None) -> bool:
@@ -73,6 +74,57 @@ class BridgeWsSender:
         return await client.send_packet(envelope)
 
 
+class BridgeSerialTransport:
+    """Send v1 JSON or devices envelope via bridge USB/serial."""
+
+    async def send(self, data: Union[bytes, str, Dict[str, Any]], addr=None) -> bool:
+        client = get_bridge_serial_client()
+        if client is None:
+            return False
+
+        if isinstance(data, dict):
+            if data.get("v") == "1" and ("devices" in data or "dv" in data):
+                from util.v1_wire import compact_envelope
+
+                return await client.send_packet(compact_envelope(data))
+            packet = json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":")).encode("utf-8")
+        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            packet = data.encode("utf-8")
+        elif isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            packet = bytes(data)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+        if not packet:
+            return False
+
+        if packet[0] == WIRE_MAGIC:
+            return await client.send_packet(packet)
+
+        if packet[0:1] != b"{":
+            return False
+
+        mac_key = _addr_to_envelope_key(addr)
+        if mac_key is None:
+            return await client.send_packet(packet)
+
+        try:
+            body = json.loads(packet.decode("utf-8"))
+        except (UnicodeError, ValueError, TypeError):
+            return False
+        if not isinstance(body, dict) or body.get("v") != "1":
+            return False
+
+        envelope = build_devices_envelope({mac_key: body})
+        return await client.send_packet(envelope)
+
+    async def send_envelope(self, envelope: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        client = get_bridge_serial_client()
+        if client is None:
+            return False
+        return await client.send_packet(envelope)
+
+
 def _addr_to_envelope_key(addr) -> Optional[str]:
     if addr is None:
         return BROADCAST_MAC
@@ -88,24 +140,32 @@ def _addr_to_envelope_key(addr) -> Optional[str]:
     return None
 
 
-_current_sender = None
+_current_bridge = None
 
 
-def set_sender(sender):
-    global _current_sender
-    _current_sender = sender
+def set_bridge(bridge):
+    global _current_bridge
+    _current_bridge = bridge
 
 
-def get_current_sender():
-    return _current_sender
+def get_current_bridge():
+    return _current_bridge
 
 
-def get_sender(settings):
-    url = str(settings.get("bridge_ws_url") or "").strip()
-    if not url:
+def get_bridge(settings):
+    mode = str(settings.get("bridge_transport") or "wifi").strip().lower()
+    if mode == "wifi":
+        url = str(settings.get("bridge_ws_url") or "").strip()
+        if not url:
+            print("[startup] bridge Wi‑Fi disabled (set bridge_ws_url in settings.json)")
+            return NullBridge()
+        print(f"[startup] ESP-NOW via bridge WebSocket {url!r}")
+        return BridgeWsTransport()
+    port = str(settings.get("bridge_serial_port") or "").strip()
+    if not port:
         print(
-            "[startup] bridge disabled (set bridge_ws_url in settings.json, e.g. ws://192.168.4.1/ws)"
+            "[startup] bridge serial disabled (set bridge_serial_port in settings.json)"
         )
-        return NullSender()
-    print(f"[startup] ESP-NOW via bridge WebSocket {url!r} (devices envelope)")
-    return BridgeWsSender()
+        return NullBridge()
+    print(f"[startup] ESP-NOW via bridge USB serial {port!r}")
+    return BridgeSerialTransport()
diff --git a/src/models/wifi_ws_clients.py b/src/models/wifi_ws_clients.py
index 0429f1d..5672187 100644
--- a/src/models/wifi_ws_clients.py
+++ b/src/models/wifi_ws_clients.py
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ async def send_json_line_to_ip(ip: str, json_str: str) -> bool:
 
 
 async def _recv_forward_loop(ip: str, ws) -> None:
-    from models.transport import get_current_sender
+    from models.transport import get_current_bridge
 
-    sender = get_current_sender()
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
     async for message in ws:
         if isinstance(message, bytes):
             try:
@@ -199,13 +199,13 @@ async def _recv_forward_loop(ip: str, ws) -> None:
         if not text:
             continue
         print(f"[WS] recv {ip}: {text}")
-        if not sender:
+        if not bridge:
             continue
         try:
             parsed = json.loads(text)
         except json.JSONDecodeError:
             try:
-                await sender.send(text)
+                await bridge.send(text)
             except Exception:
                 pass
             continue
@@ -213,12 +213,12 @@ async def _recv_forward_loop(ip: str, ws) -> None:
             addr = parsed.pop("to", None)
             payload = json.dumps(parsed) if parsed else "{}"
             try:
-                await sender.send(payload, addr=addr)
+                await bridge.send(payload, addr=addr)
             except Exception as e:
                 print(f"[WS] forward to bridge failed: {e}")
         else:
             try:
-                await sender.send(text)
+                await bridge.send(text)
             except Exception:
                 pass
 
diff --git a/src/settings.py b/src/settings.py
index 1bcca2b..78995d3 100644
--- a/src/settings.py
+++ b/src/settings.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import json
 import os
 import binascii
 
+WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT = 5
+
 
 def _settings_path():
     """Path to settings.json in project root (writable without root)."""
@@ -51,10 +53,20 @@ class Settings(dict):
             self.save()
         # ESP-NOW STA channel (2.4 GHz) for LED drivers / bridge alignment; 1–11
         if 'wifi_channel' not in self:
-            self['wifi_channel'] = 1
+            self['wifi_channel'] = WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
         # WebSocket URL of ESP-NOW bridge (Pi is client), e.g. ws://192.168.4.1/ws
         if 'bridge_ws_url' not in self:
             self['bridge_ws_url'] = ''
+        if 'wifi_interface' not in self:
+            self['wifi_interface'] = ''
+        if 'bridges' not in self:
+            self['bridges'] = []
+        if 'bridge_transport' not in self:
+            self['bridge_transport'] = 'serial'
+        if 'bridge_serial_port' not in self:
+            self['bridge_serial_port'] = ''
+        if 'bridge_serial_baudrate' not in self:
+            self['bridge_serial_baudrate'] = 115200
         # Zone UI global brightness (0–255); shared across browsers/devices.
         if 'global_brightness' not in self:
             self['global_brightness'] = 255
@@ -66,6 +78,9 @@ class Settings(dict):
         # Beat flash alignment delay (ms); applied by all UI clients polling audio status.
         if 'audio_beat_phase_ms' not in self:
             self['audio_beat_phase_ms'] = 0
+        # Input gain for beat detection (percent, 0–200).
+        if 'audio_input_volume' not in self:
+            self['audio_input_volume'] = 100
 
     def save(self):
         try:
diff --git a/src/static/audio.js b/src/static/audio.js
index f5be613..3669a89 100644
--- a/src/static/audio.js
+++ b/src/static/audio.js
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
   let pollTimer = null;
   let audioDetectorRunning = false;
   let lastBeatSeq = 0;
-  let lastLoggedSequenceBeatFractions = "";
   /** Prior poll had server zone sequence playback active (`status.sequence.active === true`). */
   let prevZoneSequencePlaybackActive = false;
   /**
@@ -10,10 +9,11 @@
    * next beat bumps `beat_seq` (avoids the stuck final cumulative value vs sequence readout).
    */
   let headerBeatStickyIdleAfterSeq = false;
-  /** Suppresses duplicate `console.log` when the same `beat_seq` + server `beat_readout` repeats. */
-  let lastBeatConsoleKey = "";
   /** @type {Set<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>>} */
   const pendingBeatPhaseTimers = new Set();
+  let cachedBeatPhaseMs = 0;
+  /** @type {{ device: string|number|null, device_override: string, device_select: string }} */
+  let cachedAudioRun = { device: null, device_override: "", device_select: "" };
 
   function el(id) {
     return document.getElementById(id);
@@ -28,40 +28,11 @@
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * On each new audio `beat_seq`, log server `beat_readout` once (deduped when poll repeats the
-   * same `beat_seq` + line).
-   * @param {Record<string, unknown>} status
-   */
-  function logServerBeatConsoleOnPollEdge(status) {
-    const beatSeq = Number((status && status.beat_seq) || 0);
-    const line = String((status && status.beat_readout) || "").trim();
-    const key = `${beatSeq}\t${line}`;
-    if (key !== lastBeatConsoleKey) {
-      lastBeatConsoleKey = key;
-      if (!line) return;
-      const seq = /** @type {Record<string, unknown>|undefined} */ (status && status.sequence);
-      const seqBeats = !!seq && !!seq.active;
-      let out = line;
-      if (seqBeats) {
-        const nLanes = Number(seq && seq.num_lanes);
-        const lanesNote =
-          Number.isFinite(nLanes) && nLanes > 1
-            ? `lane 1 of ${nLanes} (readout is for this lane only)`
-            : "lane 1";
-        out = `${line} — ${lanesNote}`;
-      }
-      console.log(out);
-    }
-  }
-
   function updateBpmDisplay(bpm) {
-    const node = el("audio-bpm-value");
-    if (!node) return;
-    node.textContent = Number.isFinite(bpm) ? bpm.toFixed(1) : "--";
-    const topNode = el("audio-top-bpm-value");
-    if (topNode) {
-      topNode.textContent = Number.isFinite(bpm) ? bpm.toFixed(1) : "--";
+    const text = Number.isFinite(bpm) ? bpm.toFixed(1) : "--";
+    for (const id of ["audio-bpm-value", "audio-top-bpm-value"]) {
+      const node = el(id);
+      if (node) node.textContent = text;
     }
   }
 
@@ -73,38 +44,6 @@
     return !!(seq && seq.active);
   }
 
-  /** Build sequence beat fractions for debug logging (browser console only). */
-  function formatSequenceBeatFractionsForLog(status) {
-    const seq = /** @type {Record<string, unknown>|undefined} */ (status && status.sequence);
-    if (!seq || !seq.active) return null;
-
-    const laneBeatAt = Number(seq.lane0_beat_in_step);
-    const laneBeatsPerStep = Number(seq.lane0_beats_per_step);
-    if (
-      !Number.isFinite(laneBeatAt) ||
-      laneBeatAt <= 0 ||
-      !Number.isFinite(laneBeatsPerStep) ||
-      laneBeatsPerStep <= 0
-    ) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    const presetFraction = `${Math.floor(laneBeatAt)}/${Math.floor(laneBeatsPerStep)}`;
-
-    const sequenceBeatAt = Number(seq.sequence_beat_at);
-    const sequenceBeatsPerPass = Number(seq.sequence_beats_per_pass);
-    if (
-      !Number.isFinite(sequenceBeatAt) ||
-      sequenceBeatAt <= 0 ||
-      !Number.isFinite(sequenceBeatsPerPass) ||
-      sequenceBeatsPerPass <= 0
-    ) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    const sequenceFraction = `${Math.floor(sequenceBeatAt)}/${Math.floor(sequenceBeatsPerPass)}`;
-
-    return `${presetFraction} ${sequenceFraction}`;
-  }
-
   function updateHitTypeDisplay(hitType, confidence) {
     const node = el("audio-hit-type-value");
     if (!node) return;
@@ -136,11 +75,9 @@
     top.classList.toggle("audio-running", !!on);
   }
 
-  function setNavResetVisible(on) {
-    for (const id of ["audio-nav-reset-btn", "audio-nav-reset-mobile"]) {
-      const node = el(id);
-      if (node) node.hidden = !on;
-    }
+  function setResetDetectorEnabled(on) {
+    const btn = el("audio-reset-btn");
+    if (btn) btn.disabled = !on;
   }
 
   async function resetAudioTracking() {
@@ -160,20 +97,21 @@
     }
   }
 
+  function beatSyncButtonTitle(zoneSeqActive) {
+    if (!audioDetectorRunning) return "Start beat detection";
+    if (zoneSeqActive) return "Sync step to music (S)";
+    return "Beat detection running";
+  }
+
   function updateSequenceSyncControls(zoneSeqActive) {
-    const topSync = el("audio-top-beat-sync");
-    if (topSync) {
-      topSync.disabled = audioDetectorRunning && !zoneSeqActive;
-      topSync.title = !audioDetectorRunning
-        ? "Start beat detection"
-        : zoneSeqActive
-          ? "Sync step to music (S)"
-          : "Beat detection running";
+    const disabled = audioDetectorRunning && !zoneSeqActive;
+    const title = beatSyncButtonTitle(zoneSeqActive);
+    for (const id of ["audio-top-beat-sync", "audio-modal-beat-sync"]) {
+      const btn = el(id);
+      if (!btn) continue;
+      btn.disabled = disabled;
+      btn.title = title;
     }
-    const modalBeat = el("audio-modal-beat-readout");
-    if (modalBeat) modalBeat.disabled = !zoneSeqActive;
-    const passBtn = el("audio-sync-pass-btn");
-    if (passBtn) passBtn.disabled = !zoneSeqActive;
   }
 
   async function handleTopBpmButtonClick() {
@@ -212,17 +150,41 @@
     return tag === "input" || tag === "textarea" || tag === "select" || target.isContentEditable;
   }
 
+  function flashBeatSyncButton(btn) {
+    if (!btn) return;
+    btn.classList.add("flash");
+    setTimeout(() => btn.classList.remove("flash"), 90);
+  }
+
   function flashBeat() {
-    const node = el("audio-beat-flash");
-    if (!node) return;
-    node.classList.add("active");
-    setTimeout(() => node.classList.remove("active"), 80);
-    const syncBtn = el("audio-top-beat-sync");
     const top = el("audio-top-indicator");
-    if (syncBtn && top && top.classList.contains("audio-running")) {
-      syncBtn.classList.add("flash");
-      setTimeout(() => syncBtn.classList.remove("flash"), 90);
+    const topSync = el("audio-top-beat-sync");
+    if (topSync && top && top.classList.contains("audio-running")) {
+      flashBeatSyncButton(topSync);
     }
+    const modalSync = el("audio-modal-beat-sync");
+    if (modalSync && audioDetectorRunning) {
+      flashBeatSyncButton(modalSync);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function gainPercentToDb(pct) {
+    const gain = Math.max(0.001, pct / 100);
+    return 20 * Math.log10(gain);
+  }
+
+  function formatGainReadout(pct) {
+    const db = gainPercentToDb(pct);
+    const dbText = db >= 0 ? `+${db.toFixed(2)}` : db.toFixed(2);
+    return `${pct}% (${dbText} dB)`;
+  }
+
+  function updateInputLevelDisplay(level) {
+    const pct = Number.isFinite(level) ? Math.round(Math.min(1, Math.max(0, level)) * 100) : 0;
+    const bar = el("audio-input-level-bar");
+    const meter = el("audio-modal")?.querySelector(".audio-input-level-meter");
+    if (bar) bar.style.width = `${pct}%`;
+    if (meter) meter.setAttribute("aria-valuenow", String(pct));
   }
 
   function clearBeatPhaseTimers() {
@@ -231,24 +193,38 @@
   }
 
   function getBeatPhaseDelayMs() {
-    const inp = el("audio-beat-phase-ms");
-    if (inp && String(inp.value).trim() !== "") {
-      const n = parseInt(String(inp.value).trim(), 10);
-      if (Number.isFinite(n)) return Math.min(500, Math.max(0, n));
-    }
-    return 0;
+    return Math.min(500, Math.max(0, cachedBeatPhaseMs));
   }
 
-  async function persistBeatPhaseMs() {
-    const ms = getBeatPhaseDelayMs();
+  function getInputVolumePercent() {
+    const inp = el("audio-input-volume");
+    if (!inp) return 100;
+    const n = parseInt(String(inp.value).trim(), 10);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(n)) return 100;
+    return Math.min(200, Math.max(0, n));
+  }
+
+  function updateInputVolumeReadout() {
+    const readout = el("audio-input-volume-readout");
+    const slider = el("audio-input-volume");
+    const pct = getInputVolumePercent();
+    if (readout) readout.textContent = formatGainReadout(pct);
+    if (slider) {
+      slider.style.setProperty("--audio-volume-pct", `${(pct / 200) * 100}%`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function persistInputVolume() {
+    const vol = getInputVolumePercent();
+    updateInputVolumeReadout();
     try {
       await fetch("/settings", {
         method: "PUT",
         headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json", Accept: "application/json" },
-        body: JSON.stringify({ audio_beat_phase_ms: ms }),
+        body: JSON.stringify({ audio_input_volume: vol }),
       });
     } catch (e) {
-      console.warn("beat phase ms save failed", e);
+      console.warn("input volume save failed", e);
     }
   }
 
@@ -277,7 +253,7 @@
   async function stopAudioOnly() {
     audioDetectorRunning = false;
     setTopBpmVisible(false);
-    setNavResetVisible(false);
+    setResetDetectorEnabled(false);
     clearBeatPhaseTimers();
     if (pollTimer) {
       clearInterval(pollTimer);
@@ -286,8 +262,8 @@
     lastBeatSeq = 0;
     prevZoneSequencePlaybackActive = false;
     headerBeatStickyIdleAfterSeq = false;
-    lastBeatConsoleKey = "";
     updateBeatReadoutDisplays({});
+    updateInputLevelDisplay(0);
     try {
       await fetch("/api/audio/stop", { method: "POST" });
     } catch (e) {
@@ -313,8 +289,9 @@
         updateBeatReadoutDisplays({});
         audioDetectorRunning = !!status.running;
         updateBpmDisplay(null);
+        updateInputLevelDisplay(0);
         setTopBpmVisible(!!status.running);
-        setNavResetVisible(!!status.running);
+        setResetDetectorEnabled(!!status.running);
         if (!status.running && pollTimer) {
           clearInterval(pollTimer);
           pollTimer = null;
@@ -324,11 +301,14 @@
       audioDetectorRunning = !!status.running;
       const zoneSeqActive = sequencePlaybackActiveFromStatus(status);
       setTopBpmVisible(!!status.running || zoneSeqActive);
-      setNavResetVisible(!!status.running);
+      setResetDetectorEnabled(!!status.running);
       updateSequenceSyncControls(zoneSeqActive);
       updateBpmDisplay(status.bpm);
       updateHitTypeDisplay(status.beat_type, Number(status.beat_type_confidence));
       updateBarPhaseDisplay(status);
+      updateInputLevelDisplay(
+        status.running ? Number(status.input_level) : 0,
+      );
       applyServerAudioUiFields(status);
       if (typeof window.applySequenceSwitchWaitFromServer === "function") {
         window.applySequenceSwitchWaitFromServer(status.sequence_switch_wait);
@@ -344,7 +324,6 @@
       prevZoneSequencePlaybackActive = zoneSeqActive;
       if (startedSeq) {
         headerBeatStickyIdleAfterSeq = false;
-        lastLoggedSequenceBeatFractions = "";
       }
       if (endedSeq) {
         headerBeatStickyIdleAfterSeq = true;
@@ -354,38 +333,137 @@
       if (!zoneSeqActive && headerBeatStickyIdleAfterSeq) {
         if (beatSeq > lastBeatSeq) {
           lastBeatSeq = beatSeq;
-          logServerBeatConsoleOnPollEdge(status);
           scheduleBeatPhaseFire(beatSeq, getBeatPhaseDelayMs());
           headerBeatStickyIdleAfterSeq = false;
         }
       } else if (beatSeq > lastBeatSeq) {
         lastBeatSeq = beatSeq;
-        logServerBeatConsoleOnPollEdge(status);
         scheduleBeatPhaseFire(beatSeq, getBeatPhaseDelayMs());
       }
-      const beatFractions = formatSequenceBeatFractionsForLog(status);
-      if (beatFractions) {
-        if (beatFractions !== lastLoggedSequenceBeatFractions) {
-          lastLoggedSequenceBeatFractions = beatFractions;
-        }
-      } else {
-        lastLoggedSequenceBeatFractions = "";
-      }
       updateBeatReadoutDisplays(status);
     } catch (e) {
       console.warn("audio status poll failed", e);
     }
   }
 
-  async function startAudio() {
+  /** Ignore server device sync briefly after the user picks from the dropdown. */
+  let deviceSelectLockUntil = 0;
+  /** Suppress change handler while rebuilding or programmatically setting the select. */
+  let suppressDeviceSelectEvents = false;
+  /** Last explicit UI choice (dropdown); not overwritten by server poll. */
+  let uiDeviceSelectId = "";
+
+  function lockDeviceSelect(ms = 10000) {
+    deviceSelectLockUntil = Date.now() + ms;
+  }
+
+  function preferredSavedDeviceId() {
+    return cachedAudioRun.device_select ? String(cachedAudioRun.device_select) : "";
+  }
+
+  function optionIdForSavedDevice(select, savedId) {
+    const saved = savedId == null ? "" : String(savedId);
+    if (!saved || !select) return "";
+    if (selectHasDeviceOptionId(select, saved)) return saved;
+    if (!/^-?\d+$/.test(saved)) return "";
+    for (const opt of select.options) {
+      if (String(opt.dataset.sdIndex ?? "") === saved) return opt.value;
+    }
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  function restoreDeviceSelectAfterRefresh(select, defaultId, restoreId = "") {
+    const picked = restoreId || getSelectedDeviceId();
+    if (picked && selectHasDeviceOptionId(select, picked)) {
+      setSelectedDeviceId(picked);
+      return;
+    }
+    const saved = preferredSavedDeviceId();
+    const savedId = optionIdForSavedDevice(select, saved) || saved;
+    if (savedId && selectHasDeviceOptionId(select, savedId)) {
+      setSelectedDeviceId(savedId);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (defaultId && selectHasDeviceOptionId(select, defaultId)) {
+      setSelectedDeviceId(defaultId);
+      return;
+    }
+    setSelectedDeviceId("");
+  }
+
+  function getSelectedDeviceId() {
+    return String(el("audio-device-select")?.value ?? "");
+  }
+
+  function selectHasDeviceOptionId(select, deviceId) {
+    const id = deviceId == null ? "" : String(deviceId);
+    return [...select.options].some((opt) => opt.value === id);
+  }
+
+  function audioRunPreferredDeviceId(run) {
+    return run.device_select ? String(run.device_select) : "";
+  }
+
+  function setSelectedDeviceId(deviceId, { force = false } = {}) {
+    const id = deviceId == null ? "" : String(deviceId);
+    const select = el("audio-device-select");
+    if (!select) return false;
+    if (id !== "" && !selectHasDeviceOptionId(select, id)) {
+      if (!force) return false;
+    }
+    suppressDeviceSelectEvents = true;
+    try {
+      select.value = id;
+      uiDeviceSelectId = id;
+    } finally {
+      suppressDeviceSelectEvents = false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function readDeviceForm() {
+    return { override: "", selected: getSelectedDeviceId() };
+  }
+
+  async function persistDeviceSelection(deviceId) {
+    const selected = deviceId != null ? String(deviceId) : getSelectedDeviceId();
+    uiDeviceSelectId = selected;
+    cachedAudioRun.device_select = selected;
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch("/api/audio/device", {
+        method: "PUT",
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json", Accept: "application/json" },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ device_select: selected, device_override: "" }),
+      });
+      const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      if (data?.audio_run && typeof data.audio_run === "object") {
+        const saved = data.audio_run.device_select
+          ? String(data.audio_run.device_select)
+          : "";
+        if (saved === selected) {
+          cachedAudioRun.device_select = saved;
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.warn("device selection save failed", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function startAudio(deviceId) {
+    const selected =
+      deviceId != null && deviceId !== undefined
+        ? String(deviceId)
+        : uiDeviceSelectId || getSelectedDeviceId();
+    lockDeviceSelect();
+    uiDeviceSelectId = selected;
+    cachedAudioRun.device_select = selected;
     await stopAudioOnly();
-    const override = (el("audio-device-override")?.value || "").trim();
-    const selected = el("audio-device-select")?.value || "";
-    const rawDevice = override !== "" ? override : selected;
+    await persistDeviceSelection(selected);
+    const rawDevice = selected;
     const numeric = rawDevice !== "" && /^-?\d+$/.test(rawDevice) ? Number(rawDevice) : rawDevice;
     const body = {
       device: rawDevice === "" ? null : numeric,
-      device_override: override,
+      device_override: "",
       device_select: selected,
     };
     const res = await fetch("/api/audio/start", {
@@ -397,6 +475,8 @@
       const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
       throw new Error(data.error || "Failed to start audio detector");
     }
+    cachedAudioRun.device_select = selected;
+    setSelectedDeviceId(selected);
     updateBpmDisplay(null);
     updateHitTypeDisplay("unknown", NaN);
     pollTimer = setInterval(pollStatus, 250);
@@ -405,36 +485,36 @@
 
   async function refreshDevices() {
     const select = el("audio-device-select");
-    const debug = el("audio-devices-debug");
     if (!select) return;
-    const current = select.value;
     const res = await fetch("/api/audio/devices");
     const data = await res.json();
+    // Re-read after fetch so a pick during the request is not overwritten by a stale value.
+    const restoreId = getSelectedDeviceId();
     const inputs = Array.isArray(data?.devices) ? data.devices.slice() : [];
-    if (debug) {
-      debug.value = JSON.stringify(data?.diagnostics || data, null, 2);
-    }
-    inputs.sort((a, b) => {
-      const am = String(a?.name || "").toLowerCase().includes("monitor");
-      const bm = String(b?.name || "").toLowerCase().includes("monitor");
-      if (am !== bm) return am ? -1 : 1;
-      return Number(a?.id || 0) - Number(b?.id || 0);
-    });
-    select.innerHTML = '<option value="">System default input</option>';
+    select.innerHTML = "";
+    const defaultOpt = document.createElement("option");
+    defaultOpt.value = "";
+    defaultOpt.textContent = "System default input";
+    select.appendChild(defaultOpt);
     let defaultId = "";
     inputs.forEach((d, idx) => {
-      const option = document.createElement("option");
-      option.value = String(d.id);
-      option.textContent = d.label || d.name || `Input ${idx + 1}`;
-      if (d.is_default) {
-        defaultId = String(d.id);
+      const opt = document.createElement("option");
+      opt.value = String(d.id);
+      const text = d.display_name || d.name || `Input ${idx + 1}`;
+      opt.textContent = text;
+      const title = d.label || d.name || "";
+      if (title && title !== text) opt.title = title;
+      if (d.sounddevice_index != null && d.sounddevice_index !== "") {
+        opt.dataset.sdIndex = String(d.sounddevice_index);
       }
-      select.appendChild(option);
+      select.appendChild(opt);
+      if (d.is_default) defaultId = String(d.id);
     });
-    if (current) {
-      select.value = current;
-    } else if (defaultId) {
-      select.value = defaultId;
+    suppressDeviceSelectEvents = true;
+    try {
+      restoreDeviceSelectAfterRefresh(select, defaultId, restoreId);
+    } finally {
+      suppressDeviceSelectEvents = false;
     }
   }
 
@@ -444,7 +524,7 @@
     const closeBtn = el("audio-close-btn");
     const startBtn = el("audio-start-btn");
     const stopBtn = el("audio-stop-btn");
-    const navResetBtn = el("audio-nav-reset-btn");
+    const resetBtn = el("audio-reset-btn");
     const refreshBtn = el("audio-refresh-btn");
     if (!modal || !openBtn) return;
 
@@ -455,6 +535,8 @@
       } catch (e) {
         console.warn("audio device refresh failed", e);
       }
+      await loadServerAudioUiFields();
+      setResetDetectorEnabled(audioDetectorRunning);
     });
     if (closeBtn) {
       closeBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
@@ -463,9 +545,9 @@
     }
     if (startBtn) {
       startBtn.addEventListener("click", async () => {
+        const picked = getSelectedDeviceId();
         try {
-          await startAudio();
-          await refreshDevices();
+          await startAudio(picked);
         } catch (e) {
           console.error("audio start failed", e);
           alert("Failed to start audio input. Check mic permissions.");
@@ -477,8 +559,8 @@
         await stopAudio();
       });
     }
-    if (navResetBtn) {
-      navResetBtn.addEventListener("click", () => resetAudioTracking());
+    if (resetBtn) {
+      resetBtn.addEventListener("click", () => resetAudioTracking());
     }
     if (refreshBtn) {
       refreshBtn.addEventListener("click", async () => {
@@ -489,35 +571,38 @@
         }
       });
     }
-
-    const phaseInp = el("audio-beat-phase-ms");
-    if (phaseInp) {
-      phaseInp.addEventListener("change", () => {
-        void persistBeatPhaseMs();
-      });
-      phaseInp.addEventListener("input", () => {
-        void persistBeatPhaseMs();
+    const deviceSelect = el("audio-device-select");
+    if (deviceSelect) {
+      deviceSelect.addEventListener("change", async () => {
+        if (suppressDeviceSelectEvents) return;
+        const picked = getSelectedDeviceId();
+        uiDeviceSelectId = picked;
+        lockDeviceSelect();
+        cachedAudioRun.device_select = picked;
+        await persistDeviceSelection(picked);
       });
     }
-
-    const bindSync = (node, mode) => {
-      if (!node) return;
-      node.addEventListener("click", async () => {
-        try {
-          await syncSequenceBeatPhase(mode);
-        } catch (e) {
-          console.warn("sequence beat sync failed", e);
-        }
+    const volInp = el("audio-input-volume");
+    if (volInp) {
+      volInp.addEventListener("input", () => {
+        updateInputVolumeReadout();
+        void persistInputVolume();
       });
-    };
-    const topBpm = el("audio-top-beat-sync");
-    if (topBpm) {
-      topBpm.addEventListener("click", () => {
-        void handleTopBpmButtonClick();
+      volInp.addEventListener("change", () => {
+        updateInputVolumeReadout();
+        void persistInputVolume();
       });
+      updateInputVolumeReadout();
+    }
+
+    for (const id of ["audio-top-beat-sync", "audio-modal-beat-sync"]) {
+      const btn = el(id);
+      if (btn) {
+        btn.addEventListener("click", () => {
+          void handleTopBpmButtonClick();
+        });
+      }
     }
-    bindSync(el("audio-modal-beat-readout"), "step");
-    bindSync(el("audio-sync-pass-btn"), "pass");
 
     document.addEventListener("keydown", (ev) => {
       if (ev.defaultPrevented || ev.repeat || isTypingTarget(ev.target)) return;
@@ -548,39 +633,50 @@
     }
   }
 
-  /** Apply server-owned audio UI fields from status (device form, beat phase delay). */
+  /** Apply server-owned audio UI fields from status (volume; device dropdown is user-owned). */
   function applyServerAudioUiFields(status) {
     if (!status || typeof status !== "object") return;
     const run = status.audio_run;
     if (run && typeof run === "object") {
-      const ov = el("audio-device-override");
-      const sel = el("audio-device-select");
-      if (ov && run.device_override != null) ov.value = String(run.device_override);
-      if (sel && run.device_select) sel.value = String(run.device_select);
+      cachedAudioRun = {
+        device: run.device ?? null,
+        device_override: run.device_override != null ? String(run.device_override) : "",
+        device_select: run.device_select ? String(run.device_select) : "",
+      };
     }
-    const phaseInp = el("audio-beat-phase-ms");
-    if (
-      phaseInp &&
-      status.beat_phase_ms != null &&
-      document.activeElement !== phaseInp
-    ) {
+    if (status.beat_phase_ms != null) {
       const ms = parseInt(String(status.beat_phase_ms), 10);
       if (Number.isFinite(ms)) {
-        phaseInp.value = String(Math.min(500, Math.max(0, ms)));
+        cachedBeatPhaseMs = Math.min(500, Math.max(0, ms));
+      }
+    }
+    const volInp = el("audio-input-volume");
+    if (
+      volInp &&
+      status.input_volume != null &&
+      document.activeElement !== volInp
+    ) {
+      const vol = parseInt(String(status.input_volume), 10);
+      if (Number.isFinite(vol)) {
+        volInp.value = String(Math.min(200, Math.max(0, vol)));
+        updateInputVolumeReadout();
       }
     }
   }
 
   async function loadServerAudioUiFields() {
-    try {
-      await refreshDevices();
-    } catch (e) {
-      console.warn("audio device list refresh failed", e);
-    }
     try {
       const res = await fetch("/api/audio/status", { cache: "no-store" });
       const data = await res.json();
-      applyServerAudioUiFields(data?.status || {});
+      const status = data?.status || {};
+      applyServerAudioUiFields(status);
+      const select = el("audio-device-select");
+      const saved = audioRunPreferredDeviceId(status.audio_run || {});
+      if (select && saved && selectHasDeviceOptionId(select, saved)) {
+        uiDeviceSelectId = saved;
+        setSelectedDeviceId(saved);
+      }
+      updateInputLevelDisplay(status.running ? Number(status.input_level) : 0);
     } catch (e) {
       console.warn("audio status load failed", e);
     }
diff --git a/src/static/devices.js b/src/static/devices.js
index 5315b32..6a97acb 100644
--- a/src/static/devices.js
+++ b/src/static/devices.js
@@ -18,6 +18,15 @@ const DEVICES_MODAL_POLL_MS = 1000;
 
 let devicesModalLiveTimer = null;
 
+/** Last ESP-NOW ping result per MAC (hex, no separators). Cleared only when a new ping marks offline. */
+const espnowPingStatusByMac = new Map();
+
+/** Aggregate ping dot state (Devices / Settings ping buttons). */
+let lastEspnowPingAggregate = {
+    state: 'unknown',
+    title: 'Not pinged yet',
+};
+
 function stopDevicesModalLiveRefresh() {
     if (devicesModalLiveTimer != null) {
         clearInterval(devicesModalLiveTimer);
@@ -53,11 +62,189 @@ function startDevicesModalLiveRefresh() {
     }, DEVICES_MODAL_POLL_MS);
 }
 
+const DEVICE_DOT_CLASSES = [
+    'device-status-dot--online',
+    'device-status-dot--offline',
+    'device-status-dot--unknown',
+    'device-status-dot--pinging',
+];
+
+function normalizeDeviceMacKey(mac) {
+    return String(mac || '')
+        .trim()
+        .toLowerCase()
+        .replace(/[:-]/g, '');
+}
+
+function findPingResponse(responses, deviceId) {
+    if (!responses || typeof responses !== 'object') return null;
+    const want = normalizeDeviceMacKey(deviceId);
+    for (const [mac, info] of Object.entries(responses)) {
+        if (normalizeDeviceMacKey(mac) === want) return info;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+function setDeviceStatusDot(dot, state, title) {
+    if (!dot) return;
+    dot.classList.remove(...DEVICE_DOT_CLASSES);
+    if (state === 'online') dot.classList.add('device-status-dot--online');
+    else if (state === 'offline') dot.classList.add('device-status-dot--offline');
+    else if (state === 'pinging') dot.classList.add('device-status-dot--pinging');
+    else dot.classList.add('device-status-dot--unknown');
+    dot.title = title;
+    dot.setAttribute('aria-label', title);
+}
+
+function updatePingStatusDot(dotEl, state, title) {
+    if (!dotEl) return;
+    dotEl.classList.remove(...DEVICE_DOT_CLASSES);
+    if (state === 'online') dotEl.classList.add('device-status-dot--online');
+    else if (state === 'offline') dotEl.classList.add('device-status-dot--offline');
+    else if (state === 'pinging') dotEl.classList.add('device-status-dot--pinging');
+    else dotEl.classList.add('device-status-dot--unknown');
+    dotEl.title = title;
+    dotEl.setAttribute('aria-label', title);
+}
+
+function rememberEspnowPingAggregate(state, title) {
+    lastEspnowPingAggregate = { state, title };
+}
+
+function applyEspnowPingAggregateToDots() {
+    for (const id of ['devices-ping-dot']) {
+        updatePingStatusDot(document.getElementById(id), lastEspnowPingAggregate.state, lastEspnowPingAggregate.title);
+    }
+}
+
+async function runUpdateGroups(btn) {
+    const statusEl = document.getElementById('devices-groups-status');
+    const prevLabel = btn ? btn.textContent : '';
+    if (btn) {
+        btn.disabled = true;
+        btn.textContent = 'Updating…';
+    }
+    if (statusEl) statusEl.textContent = 'Sending group membership…';
+    try {
+        const res = await fetch('/devices/groups', {
+            method: 'POST',
+            headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },
+        });
+        const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        if (!res.ok || !data.ok) {
+            const err = data.error || 'Update groups failed';
+            if (statusEl) statusEl.textContent = err;
+            return;
+        }
+        const sent = Number(data.sent) || 0;
+        const failed = Number(data.failed) || 0;
+        if (statusEl) {
+            statusEl.textContent =
+                failed > 0
+                    ? `Sent to ${sent} driver${sent === 1 ? '' : 's'}, ${failed} failed`
+                    : `Sent to ${sent} driver${sent === 1 ? '' : 's'}`;
+        }
+    } catch (error) {
+        if (statusEl) statusEl.textContent = error.message;
+    } finally {
+        if (btn) {
+            btn.disabled = false;
+            btn.textContent = prevLabel;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async function runEspnowPing({ btn, dot, statusEl } = {}) {
+    const prevLabel = btn ? btn.textContent : '';
+    if (btn) {
+        btn.disabled = true;
+        btn.textContent = 'Pinging…';
+    }
+    updatePingStatusDot(dot, 'pinging', 'Ping in progress…');
+    if (statusEl) statusEl.textContent = 'Waiting for replies (3 s)…';
+    applyEspnowPingToDeviceRows(null, 'pinging');
+    try {
+        const res = await fetch('/devices/ping', {
+            method: 'POST',
+            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', Accept: 'application/json' },
+            body: JSON.stringify({ timeout_s: 3 }),
+        });
+        const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        if (!res.ok || !data.ok) {
+            const err = data.error || 'Ping failed';
+            rememberEspnowPingAggregate('offline', err);
+            updatePingStatusDot(dot, 'offline', err);
+            applyEspnowPingAggregateToDots();
+            if (statusEl) statusEl.textContent = err;
+            return;
+        }
+        const count = Object.keys(data.responses || {}).length;
+        const registered = Number(data.registered) || 0;
+        const aggState = count > 0 ? 'online' : 'offline';
+        const aggTitle =
+            count > 0
+                ? `${count} driver${count === 1 ? '' : 's'} replied`
+                : 'No drivers replied';
+        rememberEspnowPingAggregate(aggState, aggTitle);
+        updatePingStatusDot(dot, aggState, aggTitle);
+        applyEspnowPingAggregateToDots();
+        if (statusEl) {
+            let msg = `${count} response${count === 1 ? '' : 's'}`;
+            if (registered > 0) {
+                msg += ` · ${registered} new in list`;
+            }
+            statusEl.textContent = msg;
+        }
+        await refreshDevicesListQuiet();
+        applyEspnowPingToDeviceRows(data.responses, 'done');
+    } catch (error) {
+        const msg = `Error: ${error.message}`;
+        rememberEspnowPingAggregate('offline', msg);
+        updatePingStatusDot(dot, 'offline', msg);
+        applyEspnowPingAggregateToDots();
+        if (statusEl) statusEl.textContent = error.message;
+    } finally {
+        if (btn) {
+            btn.disabled = false;
+            btn.textContent = prevLabel;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function applyEspnowPingToDeviceRows(responses, phase) {
+    const container = document.getElementById('devices-list-modal');
+    if (!container) return;
+    container.querySelectorAll('.profiles-row[data-device-transport="espnow"]').forEach((row) => {
+        const dot = row.querySelector('.device-status-dot');
+        if (!dot) return;
+        if (phase === 'pinging') {
+            setDeviceStatusDot(dot, 'pinging', 'Ping in progress…');
+            return;
+        }
+        const macKey = normalizeDeviceMacKey(row.dataset.deviceId);
+        const info = findPingResponse(responses, row.dataset.deviceId);
+        if (info) {
+            const rtt = info.rtt_ms != null ? `${info.rtt_ms} ms` : 'ok';
+            const title = `Ping reply (${rtt})`;
+            setDeviceStatusDot(dot, 'online', title);
+            espnowPingStatusByMac.set(macKey, { state: 'online', title });
+        } else {
+            const title = 'No ping reply';
+            setDeviceStatusDot(dot, 'offline', title);
+            espnowPingStatusByMac.set(macKey, { state: 'offline', title });
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+function espnowPingStatusForMac(devId) {
+    return espnowPingStatusByMac.get(normalizeDeviceMacKey(devId)) || null;
+}
+
 function updateWifiRowDot(row, connected) {
     const dot = row.querySelector('.device-status-dot');
     if (!dot) return;
     if ((row.dataset.deviceTransport || '') !== 'wifi') return;
-    dot.classList.remove('device-status-dot--online', 'device-status-dot--offline', 'device-status-dot--unknown');
+    dot.classList.remove(...DEVICE_DOT_CLASSES);
     if (connected) {
         dot.classList.add('device-status-dot--online');
         dot.title = 'Connected (Wi-Fi TCP session)';
@@ -277,17 +464,16 @@ function renderDevicesList(devices) {
         dot.setAttribute('role', 'img');
         const live = dev && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(dev, 'connected') ? dev.connected : null;
         if (live === true) {
-            dot.classList.add('device-status-dot--online');
-            dot.title = 'Connected (Wi-Fi TCP session)';
-            dot.setAttribute('aria-label', dot.title);
+            setDeviceStatusDot(dot, 'online', 'Connected (Wi-Fi TCP session)');
         } else if (live === false) {
-            dot.classList.add('device-status-dot--offline');
-            dot.title = 'Not connected (no Wi-Fi TCP session)';
-            dot.setAttribute('aria-label', dot.title);
+            setDeviceStatusDot(dot, 'offline', 'Not connected (no Wi-Fi TCP session)');
         } else {
-            dot.classList.add('device-status-dot--unknown');
-            dot.title = 'ESP-NOW — TCP status does not apply';
-            dot.setAttribute('aria-label', dot.title);
+            const pingCached = espnowPingStatusForMac(devId);
+            if (pingCached) {
+                setDeviceStatusDot(dot, pingCached.state, pingCached.title);
+            } else {
+                setDeviceStatusDot(dot, 'unknown', 'ESP-NOW — ping or identify to test reachability');
+            }
         }
 
         const label = document.createElement('span');
@@ -571,6 +757,7 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
             if (typeof window.getEspnowSocket === 'function') {
                 window.getEspnowSocket();
             }
+            applyEspnowPingAggregateToDots();
             loadDevicesModal();
             startDevicesModalLiveRefresh();
         });
@@ -581,6 +768,22 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
         });
     }
 
+    const devicesPingBtn = document.getElementById('devices-ping-btn');
+    if (devicesPingBtn) {
+        devicesPingBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+            runEspnowPing({
+                btn: devicesPingBtn,
+                dot: document.getElementById('devices-ping-dot'),
+                statusEl: document.getElementById('devices-ping-status'),
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    const devicesUpdateGroupsBtn = document.getElementById('devices-update-groups-btn');
+    if (devicesUpdateGroupsBtn) {
+        devicesUpdateGroupsBtn.addEventListener('click', () => runUpdateGroups(devicesUpdateGroupsBtn));
+    }
+
     const devicesModalEl = document.getElementById('devices-modal');
     if (devicesModalEl) {
         new MutationObserver(() => {
@@ -658,3 +861,9 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
         editCloseBtn.addEventListener('click', () => editDeviceModal && editDeviceModal.classList.remove('active'));
     }
 });
+
+if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+    window.applyEspnowPingToDeviceRows = applyEspnowPingToDeviceRows;
+    window.runEspnowPing = runEspnowPing;
+    window.applyEspnowPingAggregateToDots = applyEspnowPingAggregateToDots;
+}
diff --git a/src/static/groups.js b/src/static/groups.js
index 52f0e36..4226eaa 100644
--- a/src/static/groups.js
+++ b/src/static/groups.js
@@ -45,7 +45,14 @@ async function fetchDevicesMapForGroups() {
 
 function renderGroupDevicesEditor(containerEl, macRows, devicesMap) {
     if (!containerEl) return;
-    containerEl.innerHTML = '';
+    const panel =
+        typeof window.prepareZoneDevicesPanel === 'function'
+            ? window.prepareZoneDevicesPanel(containerEl)
+            : null;
+    const listEl = panel ? panel.listEl : containerEl;
+    if (!panel) {
+        containerEl.innerHTML = '';
+    }
     const entries = Object.entries(devicesMap || {}).sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b));
 
     macRows.forEach((row, idx) => {
@@ -72,7 +79,7 @@ function renderGroupDevicesEditor(containerEl, macRows, devicesMap) {
         });
         div.appendChild(label);
         div.appendChild(rm);
-        containerEl.appendChild(div);
+        listEl.appendChild(div);
     });
 
     const macsInRows = new Set(macRows.map((r) => r.mac).filter(Boolean));
@@ -101,7 +108,11 @@ function renderGroupDevicesEditor(containerEl, macRows, devicesMap) {
     });
     addWrap.appendChild(sel);
     addWrap.appendChild(addBtn);
-    containerEl.appendChild(addWrap);
+    if (panel) {
+        panel.addSlot.appendChild(addWrap);
+    } else {
+        containerEl.appendChild(addWrap);
+    }
     refreshEditGroupDebug();
 }
 
@@ -320,12 +331,6 @@ function renderGroupsList(groups) {
                     alert(data.error || 'Apply brightness failed');
                     return;
                 }
-                const n = typeof data.sent === 'number' ? data.sent : 0;
-                alert(
-                    n
-                        ? `Sent brightness to ${n} driver(s).`
-                        : 'No Wi‑Fi drivers received brightness (check connections).',
-                );
             } catch (err) {
                 console.error(err);
                 alert('Apply brightness failed');
@@ -350,12 +355,6 @@ function renderGroupsList(groups) {
                     alert(data.error || 'Apply failed');
                     return;
                 }
-                const n = typeof data.sent === 'number' ? data.sent : 0;
-                alert(
-                    n
-                        ? `Sent defaults to ${n} driver(s).`
-                        : 'No Wi‑Fi drivers received the config (check defaults and connections).',
-                );
             } catch (err) {
                 console.error(err);
                 alert('Apply failed');
@@ -421,15 +420,10 @@ async function identifyGroupById(gid) {
             alert(data.error || 'Identify failed');
             return;
         }
-        const n = typeof data.sent === 'number' ? data.sent : 0;
         const errs = Array.isArray(data.errors) ? data.errors : [];
-        const failed = errs.filter((e) => e && e.error).length;
-        let msg = n ? `Identify sent to ${n} device(s).` : 'No devices received identify.';
-        if (failed) {
-            msg += ` ${failed} failed — see console for details.`;
+        if (errs.some((e) => e && e.error)) {
             console.warn('Group identify errors', errs);
         }
-        alert(msg);
     } catch (e) {
         console.error(e);
         alert('Identify failed');
diff --git a/src/static/help.js b/src/static/help.js
index 0c7aad4..4719ddd 100644
--- a/src/static/help.js
+++ b/src/static/help.js
@@ -41,157 +41,534 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
   const settingsButton = document.getElementById('settings-btn');
   const settingsModal = document.getElementById('settings-modal');
   const settingsCloseButton = document.getElementById('settings-close-btn');
+  const settingsTabButtons = document.querySelectorAll('[data-settings-tab]');
+  const settingsTabPanels = document.querySelectorAll('[data-settings-panel]');
+  const ledToolIframe = document.getElementById('led-tool-iframe');
+  let settingsActiveTab = 'bridge';
 
-  const showSettingsMessage = (text, type = 'success') => {
-    const messageEl = document.getElementById('settings-message');
-    if (!messageEl) return;
-    messageEl.textContent = text;
-    messageEl.className = `message ${type} show`;
-    setTimeout(() => {
-      messageEl.classList.remove('show');
-    }, 5000);
-  };
-
-  async function loadDeviceSettings() {
-    try {
-      const response = await fetch('/settings');
-      const data = await response.json();
-      const nameInput = document.getElementById('device-name-input');
-      if (nameInput && data && typeof data === 'object') {
-        nameInput.value = data.device_name || 'led-controller';
-      }
-      const chInput = document.getElementById('wifi-channel-input');
-      if (chInput && data && typeof data === 'object') {
-        const ch = data.wifi_channel;
-        chInput.value =
-          ch !== undefined && ch !== null && ch !== '' ? String(ch) : '6';
-      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.error('Error loading device settings:', error);
+  function loadLedToolIframe() {
+    if (!ledToolIframe) return;
+    const blank = !ledToolIframe.src || ledToolIframe.src === 'about:blank';
+    if (blank) {
+      ledToolIframe.src = '/led-tool/editor';
     }
   }
 
-  async function loadAPStatus() {
-    try {
-      const response = await fetch('/settings/wifi/ap');
-      const config = await response.json();
-      const statusEl = document.getElementById('ap-status');
-      if (!statusEl) return;
-      if (config.active) {
-        statusEl.innerHTML = `
-          <h4>AP Status: <span class="status-connected">Active</span></h4>
-          <p><strong>SSID:</strong> ${config.ssid || 'N/A'}</p>
-          <p><strong>Channel:</strong> ${config.channel || 'Auto'}</p>
-          <p><strong>IP Address:</strong> ${config.ip || 'N/A'}</p>
-        `;
-      } else {
-        statusEl.innerHTML = `
-          <h4>AP Status: <span class="status-disconnected">Inactive</span></h4>
-          <p>Access Point is not currently active</p>
-        `;
-      }
-      if (config.saved_ssid) document.getElementById('ap-ssid').value = config.saved_ssid;
-      if (config.saved_channel) document.getElementById('ap-channel').value = config.saved_channel;
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.error('Error loading AP status:', error);
+  function unloadLedToolIframe() {
+    if (ledToolIframe) {
+      ledToolIframe.src = 'about:blank';
     }
   }
 
+  function switchSettingsTab(tabId) {
+    if (!tabId) tabId = 'bridge';
+    settingsActiveTab = tabId;
+    for (const btn of settingsTabButtons) {
+      const on = btn.getAttribute('data-settings-tab') === tabId;
+      btn.classList.toggle('active', on);
+      btn.setAttribute('aria-selected', on ? 'true' : 'false');
+    }
+    for (const panel of settingsTabPanels) {
+      const on = panel.getAttribute('data-settings-panel') === tabId;
+      panel.classList.toggle('active', on);
+      panel.hidden = !on;
+    }
+    if (settingsModal) {
+      settingsModal.classList.toggle('settings-modal--led-tool', tabId === 'led-tool');
+    }
+    if (tabId === 'led-tool') {
+      loadLedToolIframe();
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const btn of settingsTabButtons) {
+    btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+      switchSettingsTab(btn.getAttribute('data-settings-tab'));
+    });
+  }
+
+  window.openSettingsModal = (tabId) => {
+    if (!settingsModal) return;
+    if (tabId) {
+      switchSettingsTab(tabId);
+    } else {
+      switchSettingsTab(settingsActiveTab);
+    }
+    settingsModal.classList.add('active');
+    if (!tabId || tabId === 'bridge') {
+      loadBridgeSettings();
+    }
+  };
+
+  const bridgeWsStatus = document.getElementById('bridge-ws-status');
+  const bridgeConnectionDetails = document.getElementById('bridge-connection-details');
+  const bridgeProfilesList = document.getElementById('bridge-profiles-list');
+  let lastBridgeSettings = null;
+  const bridgeSerialPortSelect = document.getElementById('bridge-serial-port');
+  const bridgeSerialBaudInput = document.getElementById('bridge-serial-baud');
+  const bridgeSerialConnectBtn = document.getElementById('bridge-serial-connect-btn');
+  const bridgeSerialSaveProfileBtn = document.getElementById('bridge-serial-save-profile-btn');
+  const bridgeSerialRefreshBtn = document.getElementById('bridge-serial-refresh-btn');
+  const bridgeWifiInterfaceSelect = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-interface');
+  const bridgeWifiRefreshInterfacesBtn = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-refresh-interfaces-btn');
+  const bridgeWifiSsidSelect = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-ssid');
+  const bridgeWifiSsidManual = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-ssid-manual');
+  const bridgeWifiPassword = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-password');
+  const bridgeWifiConnectBtn = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-connect-btn');
+  const bridgeWifiSaveProfileBtn = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-save-profile-btn');
+  const bridgeWifiScanBtn = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-scan-btn');
+  const bridgeWifiApIp = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-ap-ip');
+  const bridgeWifiWsPort = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-ws-port');
+
+  function setBridgeWsStatus(text, isError = false) {
+    if (!bridgeWsStatus) return;
+    bridgeWsStatus.textContent = text || '';
+    bridgeWsStatus.style.color = isError ? '#f44336' : '';
+  }
+
+  function connLabel(ok) {
+    return ok ? 'connected' : 'not connected';
+  }
+
+  function bridgeStatusLine(data) {
+    if (!data) return '';
+    const mode = data.bridge_transport === 'serial' ? 'USB serial' : 'Wi‑Fi';
+    const active = data.active_bridge_id
+      ? (data.bridges || []).find((b) => b.id === data.active_bridge_id)
+      : null;
+    const activeBit = active ? ` — active profile: ${active.label}` : '';
+    if (data.bridge_transport === 'wifi' && data.bridge_ws_url) {
+      return `${mode}: ${data.bridge_ws_url} (${connLabel(data.bridge_connected)})${activeBit}`;
+    }
+    if (data.bridge_serial_port) {
+      return `${mode}: ${data.bridge_serial_port} (${connLabel(data.bridge_connected)})${activeBit}`;
+    }
+    return `Bridge ${mode} (${connLabel(data.bridge_connected)})${activeBit}`;
+  }
+
+  function renderBridgeConnectionDetails(data) {
+    if (!bridgeConnectionDetails) return;
+    bridgeConnectionDetails.innerHTML = '';
+    if (!data) return;
+    const rows = [
+      ['Transport in use', data.bridge_transport === 'serial' ? 'USB serial' : 'Wi‑Fi'],
+      [
+        'Wi‑Fi WebSocket',
+        data.bridge_ws_url
+          ? `${data.bridge_ws_url} (${connLabel(data.bridge_wifi_connected)})`
+          : connLabel(false),
+      ],
+      [
+        'USB serial',
+        data.bridge_serial_port
+          ? `${data.bridge_serial_port} (${connLabel(data.bridge_serial_connected)})`
+          : connLabel(false),
+      ],
+    ];
+    const active = (data.bridges || []).find((b) => b.id === data.active_bridge_id);
+    if (active) {
+      const detail =
+        active.transport === 'wifi'
+          ? `Wi‑Fi ${active.ssid}`
+          : `USB ${active.serial_port}`;
+      rows.push(['Active saved profile', `${active.label} (${detail})`]);
+    } else if (data.bridge_connected) {
+      rows.push(['Active saved profile', '— (connected, no matching saved profile)']);
+    }
+    for (const [k, v] of rows) {
+      const li = document.createElement('li');
+      li.textContent = `${k}: ${v}`;
+      bridgeConnectionDetails.appendChild(li);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function resolvedBridgeSsid() {
+    const manual = bridgeWifiSsidManual?.value?.trim();
+    if (manual) return manual;
+    return bridgeWifiSsidSelect?.value?.trim() || '';
+  }
+
+  async function loadBridgeSettings() {
+    try {
+      const bridgesRes = await fetch('/settings/wifi/bridges');
+      const bridgesData = await bridgesRes.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      lastBridgeSettings = bridgesData;
+      if (bridgeSerialBaudInput && bridgesData.bridge_serial_baudrate) {
+        bridgeSerialBaudInput.value = String(bridgesData.bridge_serial_baudrate);
+      }
+      await loadSerialPorts(bridgesData.bridge_serial_port || '');
+      await loadWifiInterfaces(bridgesData.wifi_interface || '');
+      renderBridgeConnectionDetails(bridgesData);
+      setBridgeWsStatus(bridgeStatusLine(bridgesData));
+      renderBridgeProfiles(bridgesData.bridges || [], bridgesData);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function loadWifiInterfaces(selectedDevice) {
+    if (!bridgeWifiInterfaceSelect) return;
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch('/settings/wifi/interfaces');
+      const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      if (!res.ok || !data.ok) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus(data.error || 'Wi‑Fi interfaces unavailable', true);
+        return;
+      }
+      const current = selectedDevice || bridgeWifiInterfaceSelect.value;
+      bridgeWifiInterfaceSelect.innerHTML = '<option value="">— select adapter —</option>';
+      for (const iface of data.interfaces || []) {
+        const opt = document.createElement('option');
+        opt.value = iface.device;
+        const bits = [iface.device];
+        if (iface.label && iface.label !== iface.device) bits.push(iface.label);
+        if (iface.state) bits.push(`(${iface.state})`);
+        opt.textContent = bits.join(' — ');
+        bridgeWifiInterfaceSelect.appendChild(opt);
+      }
+      if (current) bridgeWifiInterfaceSelect.value = current;
+    } catch (err) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function scanBridgeWifi() {
+    const device = bridgeWifiInterfaceSelect?.value?.trim();
+    if (!device) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus('Select a Wi‑Fi adapter first', true);
+      return;
+    }
+    setBridgeWsStatus('Scanning…');
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch(
+        `/settings/wifi/scan?device=${encodeURIComponent(device)}`
+      );
+      const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      if (!res.ok || !data.ok) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus(data.error || 'Scan failed', true);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!bridgeWifiSsidSelect) return;
+      const prev = resolvedBridgeSsid();
+      bridgeWifiSsidSelect.innerHTML = '<option value="">— select network —</option>';
+      for (const net of data.networks || []) {
+        const opt = document.createElement('option');
+        opt.value = net.ssid;
+        opt.textContent = `${net.ssid} (${net.signal}%)`;
+        bridgeWifiSsidSelect.appendChild(opt);
+      }
+      if (prev) {
+        bridgeWifiSsidSelect.value = prev;
+        if (!bridgeWifiSsidSelect.value && bridgeWifiSsidManual) {
+          bridgeWifiSsidManual.value = prev;
+        }
+      }
+      setBridgeWsStatus(`Found ${(data.networks || []).length} network(s)`);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function loadSerialPorts(selectedPort) {
+    if (!bridgeSerialPortSelect) return;
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch('/led-tool/ports');
+      const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      const current = selectedPort || bridgeSerialPortSelect.value;
+      bridgeSerialPortSelect.innerHTML = '<option value="">— select port —</option>';
+      for (const p of data.ports || []) {
+        const opt = document.createElement('option');
+        opt.value = p.device;
+        opt.textContent = p.description ? `${p.device} — ${p.description}` : p.device;
+        bridgeSerialPortSelect.appendChild(opt);
+      }
+      if (current) bridgeSerialPortSelect.value = current;
+    } catch (err) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function profileStatusFor(p, data) {
+    const activeId = data.active_bridge_id || '';
+    const isActive = Boolean(activeId && p.id === activeId && data.bridge_connected);
+    if (isActive) {
+      return { text: 'Connected', className: 'settings-bridge-profile-status--connected' };
+    }
+    return { text: 'Not connected', className: 'settings-bridge-profile-status--idle' };
+  }
+
+  async function deleteBridgeProfile(id, label) {
+    const name = label || id;
+    if (!window.confirm(`Delete saved bridge profile “${name}”?`)) return;
+    setBridgeWsStatus('Deleting…');
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch(`/settings/wifi/bridges/${encodeURIComponent(id)}`, {
+        method: 'DELETE',
+        headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },
+      });
+      const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      if (!res.ok || !data.ok) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus(data.error || 'Delete failed', true);
+        return;
+      }
+      setBridgeWsStatus(data.message || 'Profile deleted');
+      await loadBridgeSettings();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function renderBridgeProfiles(profiles, bridgesData) {
+    if (!bridgeProfilesList) return;
+    bridgeProfilesList.innerHTML = '';
+    const data = bridgesData || lastBridgeSettings || {};
+    const activeId = data.active_bridge_id || '';
+    if (!profiles.length) {
+      bridgeProfilesList.innerHTML = '<li>No saved bridge profiles.</li>';
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const p of profiles) {
+      const li = document.createElement('li');
+      const isActive = Boolean(activeId && p.id === activeId && data.bridge_connected);
+      li.className =
+        'settings-bridge-profile-row' + (isActive ? ' settings-bridge-profile-row--active' : '');
+      const main = document.createElement('div');
+      main.className = 'settings-bridge-profile-main';
+      const label = document.createElement('span');
+      label.className = 'settings-bridge-profile-label';
+      if (p.transport === 'wifi') {
+        label.textContent = `${p.label} — Wi‑Fi ${p.ssid}`;
+      } else {
+        label.textContent = `${p.label} — USB ${p.serial_port}`;
+      }
+      const status = document.createElement('span');
+      const st = profileStatusFor(p, data);
+      status.className = 'settings-bridge-profile-status ' + st.className;
+      status.textContent = st.text;
+      main.appendChild(label);
+      main.appendChild(status);
+      const actions = document.createElement('div');
+      actions.className = 'settings-bridge-profile-actions';
+      const connectBtn = document.createElement('button');
+      connectBtn.type = 'button';
+      connectBtn.className = 'btn btn-secondary btn-small';
+      connectBtn.textContent = 'Connect';
+      connectBtn.addEventListener('click', () => connectSavedBridge(p.id));
+      const deleteBtn = document.createElement('button');
+      deleteBtn.type = 'button';
+      deleteBtn.className = 'btn btn-secondary btn-small settings-bridge-profile-delete';
+      deleteBtn.textContent = 'Delete';
+      deleteBtn.addEventListener('click', () => deleteBridgeProfile(p.id, p.label));
+      actions.appendChild(connectBtn);
+      actions.appendChild(deleteBtn);
+      li.appendChild(main);
+      li.appendChild(actions);
+      bridgeProfilesList.appendChild(li);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function connectSavedBridge(id) {
+    setBridgeWsStatus('Connecting…');
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch(`/settings/wifi/bridges/${encodeURIComponent(id)}/connect`, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },
+      });
+      const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      if (!res.ok || !data.ok) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus(data.error || 'Connect failed', true);
+        return;
+      }
+      setBridgeWsStatus(data.message ? `${data.message} — ${bridgeStatusLine(data)}` : bridgeStatusLine(data));
+      await loadBridgeSettings();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function connectBridgeWifi(saveProfile) {
+    const device = bridgeWifiInterfaceSelect?.value?.trim();
+    const ssid = resolvedBridgeSsid();
+    const password = bridgeWifiPassword?.value || '';
+    const apIp = bridgeWifiApIp?.value?.trim() || '192.168.4.1';
+    const wsPort = parseInt(bridgeWifiWsPort?.value, 10) || 80;
+    const label = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-label')?.value?.trim() || ssid;
+    if (!device) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus('Select a Wi‑Fi adapter', true);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!ssid) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus('Enter or select a bridge SSID', true);
+      return;
+    }
+    setBridgeWsStatus('Connecting…');
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch('/settings/wifi/connect', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', Accept: 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          device,
+          ssid,
+          password,
+          ap_ip: apIp,
+          ws_port: wsPort,
+          label,
+          save_profile: saveProfile,
+        }),
+      });
+      const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      if (!res.ok || !data.ok) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus(data.error || 'Connect failed', true);
+        return;
+      }
+      setBridgeWsStatus(data.message ? `${data.message} — ${bridgeStatusLine(data)}` : bridgeStatusLine(data));
+      await loadBridgeSettings();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function connectBridgeSerial(saveProfile) {
+    const port = bridgeSerialPortSelect ? bridgeSerialPortSelect.value : '';
+    const baud = parseInt(bridgeSerialBaudInput?.value, 10) || 115200;
+    const label = document.getElementById('bridge-serial-label')?.value?.trim() || port;
+    if (!port) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus('Select a USB serial port', true);
+      return;
+    }
+    setBridgeWsStatus('Connecting…');
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch('/settings/wifi/serial/connect', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', Accept: 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ port, baudrate: baud, label, save_profile: saveProfile }),
+      });
+      const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+      if (!res.ok || !data.ok) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus(data.error || 'Connect failed', true);
+        return;
+      }
+      setBridgeWsStatus(data.message ? `${data.message} — ${bridgeStatusLine(data)}` : bridgeStatusLine(data));
+      await loadBridgeSettings();
+    } catch (err) {
+      setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (bridgeSerialRefreshBtn) {
+    bridgeSerialRefreshBtn.addEventListener('click', () => loadSerialPorts());
+  }
+
+  if (bridgeSerialConnectBtn) {
+    bridgeSerialConnectBtn.addEventListener('click', () => connectBridgeSerial(true));
+  }
+
+  if (bridgeWifiRefreshInterfacesBtn) {
+    bridgeWifiRefreshInterfacesBtn.addEventListener('click', () => loadWifiInterfaces());
+  }
+
+  if (bridgeWifiScanBtn) {
+    bridgeWifiScanBtn.addEventListener('click', () => scanBridgeWifi());
+  }
+
+  if (bridgeWifiConnectBtn) {
+    bridgeWifiConnectBtn.addEventListener('click', () => connectBridgeWifi(true));
+  }
+
+  if (bridgeWifiSaveProfileBtn) {
+    bridgeWifiSaveProfileBtn.addEventListener('click', async () => {
+      const device = bridgeWifiInterfaceSelect?.value?.trim();
+      const ssid = resolvedBridgeSsid();
+      if (!ssid) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus('SSID required to save profile', true);
+        return;
+      }
+      const password = bridgeWifiPassword?.value || '';
+      const apIp = bridgeWifiApIp?.value?.trim() || '192.168.4.1';
+      const wsPort = parseInt(bridgeWifiWsPort?.value, 10) || 80;
+      const label = document.getElementById('bridge-wifi-label')?.value?.trim() || ssid;
+      try {
+        const res = await fetch('/settings/wifi/bridges');
+        const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        const bridges = Array.isArray(data.bridges) ? data.bridges : [];
+        bridges.push({
+          id: crypto.randomUUID ? crypto.randomUUID().slice(0, 12) : String(Date.now()),
+          label,
+          transport: 'wifi',
+          ssid,
+          password,
+          ap_ip: apIp,
+          ws_port: wsPort,
+        });
+        const putRes = await fetch('/settings/wifi/bridges', {
+          method: 'PUT',
+          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', Accept: 'application/json' },
+          body: JSON.stringify({ bridges, wifi_interface: device || data.wifi_interface }),
+        });
+        const putData = await putRes.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        if (!putRes.ok || !putData.ok) {
+          setBridgeWsStatus(putData.error || 'Save failed', true);
+          return;
+        }
+        setBridgeWsStatus('Wi‑Fi profile saved');
+        await loadBridgeSettings();
+      } catch (err) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (bridgeSerialSaveProfileBtn) {
+    bridgeSerialSaveProfileBtn.addEventListener('click', async () => {
+      const port = bridgeSerialPortSelect ? bridgeSerialPortSelect.value : '';
+      if (!port) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus('Port required to save profile', true);
+        return;
+      }
+      const baud = parseInt(bridgeSerialBaudInput?.value, 10) || 115200;
+      const label = document.getElementById('bridge-serial-label')?.value?.trim() || port;
+      try {
+        const res = await fetch('/settings/wifi/bridges');
+        const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        const bridges = Array.isArray(data.bridges) ? data.bridges : [];
+        bridges.push({
+          id: crypto.randomUUID ? crypto.randomUUID().slice(0, 12) : String(Date.now()),
+          label,
+          transport: 'serial',
+          serial_port: port,
+          serial_baudrate: baud,
+        });
+        const putRes = await fetch('/settings/wifi/bridges', {
+          method: 'PUT',
+          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', Accept: 'application/json' },
+          body: JSON.stringify({ bridges }),
+        });
+        const putData = await putRes.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        if (!putRes.ok || !putData.ok) {
+          setBridgeWsStatus(putData.error || 'Save failed', true);
+          return;
+        }
+        setBridgeWsStatus('Serial profile saved');
+        await loadBridgeSettings();
+      } catch (err) {
+        setBridgeWsStatus(err.message, true);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
   if (settingsButton && settingsModal) {
     settingsButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
+      switchSettingsTab('bridge');
       settingsModal.classList.add('active');
-      // Load current WiFi status/config when opening
-      loadDeviceSettings();
-      loadAPStatus();
+      loadBridgeSettings();
     });
   }
 
   if (settingsCloseButton && settingsModal) {
     settingsCloseButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
       settingsModal.classList.remove('active');
-    });
-  }
-
-  const deviceForm = document.getElementById('device-form');
-  if (deviceForm) {
-    deviceForm.addEventListener('submit', async (e) => {
-      e.preventDefault();
-      const nameInput = document.getElementById('device-name-input');
-      const deviceName = nameInput ? nameInput.value.trim() : '';
-      if (!deviceName) {
-        showSettingsMessage('Device name is required', 'error');
-        return;
-      }
-      const chRaw = document.getElementById('wifi-channel-input')
-        ? document.getElementById('wifi-channel-input').value
-        : '6';
-      const wifiChannel = parseInt(chRaw, 10);
-      if (Number.isNaN(wifiChannel) || wifiChannel < 1 || wifiChannel > 11) {
-        showSettingsMessage('WiFi channel must be between 1 and 11', 'error');
-        return;
-      }
-      try {
-        const response = await fetch('/settings', {
-          method: 'PUT',
-          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-          body: JSON.stringify({
-            device_name: deviceName,
-            wifi_channel: wifiChannel,
-          }),
-        });
-        const result = await response.json();
-        if (response.ok) {
-          showSettingsMessage(
-            'Device settings saved. They will apply on next restart where relevant.',
-            'success',
-          );
-        } else {
-          showSettingsMessage(`Error: ${result.error || 'Failed to save device name'}`, 'error');
-        }
-      } catch (error) {
-        showSettingsMessage(`Error: ${error.message}`, 'error');
-      }
-    });
-  }
-  const apForm = document.getElementById('ap-form');
-  if (apForm) {
-    apForm.addEventListener('submit', async (e) => {
-      e.preventDefault();
-      const formData = {
-        ssid: document.getElementById('ap-ssid').value,
-        password: document.getElementById('ap-password').value,
-        channel: document.getElementById('ap-channel').value || null,
-      };
-
-      if (formData.password && formData.password.length > 0 && formData.password.length < 8) {
-        showSettingsMessage('AP password must be at least 8 characters', 'error');
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (formData.channel) {
-        formData.channel = parseInt(formData.channel, 10);
-        if (formData.channel < 1 || formData.channel > 11) {
-          showSettingsMessage('Channel must be between 1 and 11', 'error');
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-
-      try {
-        const response = await fetch('/settings/wifi/ap', {
-          method: 'POST',
-          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-          body: JSON.stringify(formData),
-        });
-        const result = await response.json();
-        if (response.ok) {
-          showSettingsMessage('Access Point configured successfully!', 'success');
-          setTimeout(loadAPStatus, 1000);
-        } else {
-          showSettingsMessage(`Error: ${result.error || 'Failed to configure AP'}`, 'error');
-        }
-      } catch (error) {
-        showSettingsMessage(`Error: ${error.message}`, 'error');
-      }
+      settingsModal.classList.remove('settings-modal--led-tool');
+      unloadLedToolIframe();
     });
   }
 });
diff --git a/src/static/led_tool.js b/src/static/led_tool.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 3995697..0000000
--- a/src/static/led_tool.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
-  const openBtn = document.getElementById('led-tool-btn');
-  const modal = document.getElementById('led-tool-modal');
-  const closeBtn = document.getElementById('led-tool-close-btn');
-  const iframe = document.getElementById('led-tool-iframe');
-
-  if (!openBtn || !modal || !iframe) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  openBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
-    iframe.src = '/led-tool/editor';
-    modal.classList.add('active');
-  });
-
-  if (closeBtn) {
-    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
-      modal.classList.remove('active');
-      iframe.src = 'about:blank';
-    });
-  }
-});
diff --git a/src/static/patterns.js b/src/static/patterns.js
index 2cb8a2e..b84e39e 100644
--- a/src/static/patterns.js
+++ b/src/static/patterns.js
@@ -98,29 +98,8 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
       : [];
   };
 
-  const postDriverSequence = async (sequence, targetMacs, delayS = 0.05, pushOptions = {}) => {
-    if (typeof window.postDriverSequence === 'function') {
-      return window.postDriverSequence(sequence, targetMacs, delayS, pushOptions);
-    }
-    const body = { sequence, delay_s: delayS };
-    if (pushOptions && pushOptions.unicast === true) {
-      body.unicast = true;
-      if (Array.isArray(targetMacs) && targetMacs.length) {
-        body.targets = [...new Set(targetMacs)];
-      }
-    }
-    const res = await fetch('/presets/push', {
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', Accept: 'application/json' },
-      credentials: 'same-origin',
-      body: JSON.stringify(body),
-    });
-    if (!res.ok) {
-      const err = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
-      throw new Error((err && err.error) || res.statusText || 'Send failed');
-    }
-    return res.json().catch(() => ({}));
-  };
+  const postDriverSequence = (sequence, targetMacs, delayS, pushOptions) =>
+    window.postDriverSequence(sequence, targetMacs, delayS, pushOptions);
 
   const nReadableStringFromMeta = (meta, key) => {
     if (!meta || typeof meta !== 'object') {
diff --git a/src/static/presets.js b/src/static/presets.js
index 54ce020..81dd7f3 100644
--- a/src/static/presets.js
+++ b/src/static/presets.js
@@ -2134,7 +2134,7 @@ const sendPresetSelectViaEspNow = async (presetId, deviceNames) => {
 try {
   window.sendPresetViaEspNow = sendPresetViaEspNow;
   window.postDriverSequence = postDriverSequence;
-  // Expose a generic ESPNow sender so other scripts (zones.js) can send
+  // Expose a generic ESP-NOW bridge helper so other scripts (zones.js) can send
   // non-preset messages such as global brightness.
   window.sendEspnowRaw = sendEspnowMessage;
   window.getEspnowSocket = getEspnowSocket;
diff --git a/src/static/style.css b/src/static/style.css
index 699149e..102d8ff 100644
--- a/src/static/style.css
+++ b/src/static/style.css
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ header h1 {
     min-width: 0;
 }
 
+.audio-beat-sync-btn,
 .audio-top-beat-sync {
     display: inline-flex;
     align-items: center;
@@ -228,11 +229,13 @@ header h1 {
     text-align: left;
 }
 
+.audio-beat-sync-btn:disabled,
 .audio-top-beat-sync:disabled {
     cursor: default;
     opacity: 0.85;
 }
 
+.audio-beat-sync-btn:not(:disabled):hover,
 .audio-top-beat-sync:not(:disabled):hover {
     border-color: #6a6a6a;
     background-color: #2a2a2a;
@@ -313,15 +316,24 @@ header h1 {
     text-align: right;
 }
 
+.audio-beat-sync-btn.flash,
 .audio-top-beat-sync.flash {
     background-color: #ff5252;
     border-color: #ff8a80;
 }
 
+.audio-beat-sync-btn.flash .audio-top-indicator-value,
+.audio-beat-sync-btn.flash .audio-top-indicator-label,
+.audio-beat-sync-btn.flash .audio-top-beat-readout,
+.audio-beat-sync-btn.flash .audio-top-beat-readout::before,
+.audio-beat-sync-btn.flash .audio-top-bar-phase,
+.audio-beat-sync-btn.flash .audio-top-bar-phase::before,
 .audio-top-beat-sync.flash .audio-top-indicator-value,
 .audio-top-beat-sync.flash .audio-top-indicator-label,
 .audio-top-beat-sync.flash .audio-top-beat-readout,
-.audio-top-beat-sync.flash .audio-top-beat-readout::before {
+.audio-top-beat-sync.flash .audio-top-beat-readout::before,
+.audio-top-beat-sync.flash .audio-top-bar-phase,
+.audio-top-beat-sync.flash .audio-top-bar-phase::before {
     color: #fff;
 }
 
@@ -854,6 +866,11 @@ body.preset-ui-run .edit-mode-only {
     border: 1px solid #757575;
 }
 
+.device-status-dot--pinging {
+    background: #ffb300;
+    box-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(255, 179, 0, 0.45);
+}
+
 .btn-group {
     display: flex;
     gap: 0.5rem;
@@ -915,37 +932,107 @@ body.preset-ui-run .edit-mode-only {
     margin-top: 1rem;
 }
 
-#audio-modal .audio-settings-section .audio-modal-beat-readout {
-    display: block;
+#audio-modal .audio-modal-beat-sync {
     width: 100%;
-    max-width: none;
 }
 
-.audio-modal-beat-readout {
+#audio-modal .audio-modal-content {
+    max-width: 640px;
+}
+
+.audio-device-block {
+    margin-bottom: 1rem;
+}
+
+.audio-device-select-row {
+    align-items: stretch;
+    gap: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.audio-device-select-row select {
     flex: 1;
-    min-width: 10rem;
-    min-height: 2.25rem;
-    font-size: 0.85rem;
-    line-height: 1.35;
-    text-align: center;
-    border: 1px solid #4a4a4a;
-    border-radius: 6px;
-    background-color: #252525;
-    padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
-    cursor: pointer;
-    font-family: inherit;
-    color: #b0bec5;
+    min-width: 0;
 }
 
-.audio-modal-beat-readout:disabled {
-    cursor: default;
-    opacity: 0.55;
+#audio-modal .audio-modal-beat-sync {
+    width: 100%;
 }
 
-.audio-modal-beat-readout:not(:disabled):hover {
-    border-color: #6a6a6a;
-    background-color: #333;
+.audio-volume-block {
+    margin-top: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.audio-volume-header {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: baseline;
+    justify-content: space-between;
+    gap: 0.75rem;
+    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.audio-volume-header label {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+.audio-volume-readout {
+    font-size: 0.9rem;
     color: #e0e0e0;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.audio-volume-slider-row {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.audio-volume-slider {
+    --audio-volume-pct: 50%;
+    --audio-volume-unity: 50%;
+    flex: 1;
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 0.45rem;
+    margin: 0.35rem 0;
+    accent-color: #ff9800;
+    background: transparent;
+}
+
+.audio-volume-scale {
+    position: relative;
+    display: flex;
+    justify-content: space-between;
+    font-size: 0.72rem;
+    color: #9e9e9e;
+    margin: 0.15rem 0 0.45rem;
+    min-height: 1rem;
+}
+
+.audio-volume-scale-unity {
+    position: absolute;
+    left: var(--audio-volume-unity, 50%);
+    transform: translateX(-50%);
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+#audio-modal .audio-volume-block {
+    --audio-volume-unity: 50%;
+}
+
+.audio-input-level-meter {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 0.35rem;
+    border: none;
+    border-radius: 2px;
+    background: #2a2a2a;
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.audio-input-level-bar {
+    height: 100%;
+    width: 0%;
+    background: #ff9800;
+    transition: width 60ms linear;
+    border-radius: 2px;
 }
 
 .audio-hit-type-readout {
@@ -1335,8 +1422,7 @@ body.preset-ui-run .edit-mode-only {
 /* Header / global dialogs */
 #help-modal.active,
 #audio-modal.active,
-#settings-modal.active,
-#led-tool-modal.active {
+#settings-modal.active {
     z-index: 1080;
 }
 
@@ -1636,7 +1722,35 @@ body.preset-ui-run .edit-mode-only {
     font-weight: 600;
 }
 
-.zone-devices-editor {
+.zone-devices-editor.zone-devices-panel {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    gap: 0;
+    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+    max-height: 14rem;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    min-height: 0;
+}
+
+.zone-devices-list {
+    flex: 1 1 auto;
+    min-height: 0;
+    overflow-y: auto;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    gap: 0.5rem;
+    padding-right: 0.15rem;
+}
+
+.zone-devices-add-slot {
+    flex: 0 0 auto;
+    padding-top: 0.5rem;
+    margin-top: 0.35rem;
+    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
+}
+
+/* Legacy: single container without panel split (prefer zone-devices-panel.js). */
+.zone-devices-editor:not(.zone-devices-panel) {
     display: flex;
     flex-direction: column;
     gap: 0.5rem;
@@ -1879,8 +1993,211 @@ body.preset-ui-run .edit-mode-only {
     max-width: 900px;
     max-height: 90vh;
     overflow-y: auto;
-}#settings-modal .modal-content > p.muted-text {
-    margin-bottom: 1rem;
-}#settings-modal .settings-section.ap-settings-section {
+}
+
+#settings-modal.settings-modal--led-tool .modal-content {
+    max-width: 960px;
+    width: 95vw;
+}
+
+#settings-modal .settings-tabs {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    gap: 0.35rem;
+    margin: 0.75rem 0 1rem;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #4a4a4a;
+    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+#settings-modal .settings-tab-btn {
+    background: #3a3a3a;
+    color: #ccc;
+    border: 1px solid #4a4a4a;
+    border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0;
+    padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
+    font-size: 0.95rem;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+#settings-modal .settings-tab-btn:hover {
+    color: #fff;
+    border-color: #6a5acd;
+}
+
+#settings-modal .settings-tab-btn.active {
+    background: #1a1a1a;
+    color: #fff;
+    border-color: #6a5acd;
+    border-bottom-color: #1a1a1a;
+    margin-bottom: -1px;
+}
+
+#settings-modal .settings-tab-panel:not(.active) {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+#settings-modal .settings-led-tool-intro {
+    margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
+}
+
+#settings-modal .settings-led-tool-iframe {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: min(75vh, 720px);
+    border: 1px solid #4a4a4a;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    background: #0b1020;
+}
+
+#settings-modal .settings-section.ap-settings-section {
     margin-top: 1.5rem;
 }
+
+.settings-ping-results {
+    margin-top: 0.75rem;
+    min-height: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+.settings-ping-list {
+    list-style: none;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-size: 0.9rem;
+}
+
+.settings-ping-list li {
+    padding: 0.35rem 0;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #333;
+}
+
+.settings-ping-list li:last-child {
+    border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+.settings-wifi-scan-list {
+    list-style: none;
+    padding: 0;
+    margin: 0.5rem 0 0;
+}
+
+.settings-wifi-scan-list li {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.5rem;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
+}
+
+.settings-subheading {
+    margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
+    font-size: 1rem;
+    font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-connection-details {
+    list-style: none;
+    margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-connection-details li {
+    margin: 0.2rem 0;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profiles {
+    list-style: none;
+    padding: 0;
+    margin: 1rem 0 0;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-item {
+    margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
+    padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-item:last-child {
+    border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-row {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: space-between;
+    gap: 0.75rem;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-groups-panel {
+    margin: 0.5rem 0 0 0.25rem;
+    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
+    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+    border-radius: 4px;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-groups-hint {
+    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
+    font-size: 0.85rem;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-groups-checkboxes {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    gap: 0.35rem;
+    max-height: 14rem;
+    overflow-y: auto;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-group-check {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: flex-start;
+    gap: 0.45rem;
+    font-size: 0.9rem;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-group-check input:disabled + span {
+    opacity: 0.55;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-main {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 0.65rem;
+    flex: 1;
+    min-width: 10rem;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-label {
+    flex: 1 1 auto;
+    min-width: 8rem;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-status {
+    font-size: 0.85rem;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-status--connected {
+    color: #81c784;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-status--idle {
+    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45);
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-actions {
+    display: flex;
+    gap: 0.4rem;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.settings-bridge-profile-delete {
+    opacity: 0.85;
+}
+
+.settings-ping-empty {
+    margin: 0;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
diff --git a/src/static/zone-devices-panel.js b/src/static/zone-devices-panel.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..637b529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/static/zone-devices-panel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/**
+ * Scrollable device/group list with a fixed add row (dropdown + button) below.
+ * Used by group and zone edit modals.
+ */
+function prepareZoneDevicesPanel(containerEl) {
+    if (!containerEl) return null;
+    let listEl = containerEl.querySelector('.zone-devices-list');
+    let addSlot = containerEl.querySelector('.zone-devices-add-slot');
+    if (!listEl) {
+        containerEl.innerHTML = '';
+        containerEl.classList.add('zone-devices-panel');
+        listEl = document.createElement('div');
+        listEl.className = 'zone-devices-list';
+        addSlot = document.createElement('div');
+        addSlot.className = 'zone-devices-add-slot';
+        containerEl.appendChild(listEl);
+        containerEl.appendChild(addSlot);
+    } else {
+        listEl.innerHTML = '';
+        addSlot.innerHTML = '';
+    }
+    return { listEl, addSlot };
+}
+
+if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+    window.prepareZoneDevicesPanel = prepareZoneDevicesPanel;
+}
diff --git a/src/static/zones.js b/src/static/zones.js
index cfa61b0..a613c2e 100644
--- a/src/static/zones.js
+++ b/src/static/zones.js
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ function sendZoneBrightness(zoneId, value) {
                     await window.postDriverSequence([{ v: '1', b: val, save: true }], targetMacs, 0);
                     return;
                 }
-                // Fallback to raw websocket sender if presets.js helper isn't available yet.
+                // Fallback to raw websocket bridge helper if presets.js helper isn't available yet.
                 if (typeof window.sendEspnowRaw === 'function') {
                     window.sendEspnowRaw({ v: '1', b: val, save: true });
                 }
@@ -414,7 +414,14 @@ function rowsToNames(rows) {
 
 function renderZoneGroupsEditor(containerEl, rows, groupsMap) {
     if (!containerEl) return;
-    containerEl.innerHTML = "";
+    const panel =
+        typeof window.prepareZoneDevicesPanel === "function"
+            ? window.prepareZoneDevicesPanel(containerEl)
+            : null;
+    const listEl = panel ? panel.listEl : containerEl;
+    if (!panel) {
+        containerEl.innerHTML = "";
+    }
     const entries = Object.entries(groupsMap || {}).sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b));
 
     rows.forEach((row, idx) => {
@@ -441,7 +448,7 @@ function renderZoneGroupsEditor(containerEl, rows, groupsMap) {
         });
         div.appendChild(label);
         div.appendChild(rm);
-        containerEl.appendChild(div);
+        listEl.appendChild(div);
     });
 
     const idsInRows = new Set(rows.map((r) => String(r.id)));
@@ -470,7 +477,11 @@ function renderZoneGroupsEditor(containerEl, rows, groupsMap) {
     });
     addWrap.appendChild(sel);
     addWrap.appendChild(addBtn);
-    containerEl.appendChild(addWrap);
+    if (panel) {
+        panel.addSlot.appendChild(addWrap);
+    } else {
+        containerEl.appendChild(addWrap);
+    }
 }
 
 /** Read zone device names from the presets section (JSON attr preferred; legacy comma list fallback). */
@@ -898,116 +909,6 @@ async function loadZoneContent(zoneId) {
     }
 }
 
-// Send all presets used by all tabs in the current profile via /presets/send.
-async function sendProfilePresets() {
-    try {
-        // Load current profile to get its tabs
-        const profileRes = await fetch('/profiles/current', {
-            headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },
-        });
-        if (!profileRes.ok) {
-            alert('Failed to load current profile.');
-            return;
-        }
-        const profileData = await profileRes.json();
-        const profile = profileData.profile || {};
-        let zoneList = null;
-        if (Array.isArray(profile.zones)) {
-            zoneList = profile.zones;
-        } else if (profile.zones) {
-            zoneList = [profile.zones];
-        }
-        if (!zoneList || zoneList.length === 0) {
-            if (Array.isArray(profile.zones)) {
-                zoneList = profile.zones;
-            } else if (profile.zones) {
-                zoneList = [profile.zones];
-            }
-        }
-        if (!zoneList || zoneList.length === 0) {
-            console.warn('sendProfilePresets: no zones found', {
-                profileData,
-                profile,
-            });
-        }
-
-        if (!zoneList.length) {
-            alert('Current profile has no zones to send presets for.');
-            return;
-        }
-
-        let totalSent = 0;
-        let totalMessages = 0;
-        let zonesWithPresets = 0;
-
-        for (const zoneId of zoneList) {
-            try {
-                const tabResp = await fetch(`/zones/${zoneId}`, {
-                    headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },
-                });
-                if (!tabResp.ok) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                const tabData = await tabResp.json();
-                let presetIds = [];
-                if (Array.isArray(tabData.presets_flat)) {
-                    presetIds = tabData.presets_flat;
-                } else if (Array.isArray(tabData.presets)) {
-                    if (tabData.presets.length && typeof tabData.presets[0] === 'string') {
-                        presetIds = tabData.presets;
-                    } else if (tabData.presets.length && Array.isArray(tabData.presets[0])) {
-                        presetIds = tabData.presets.flat();
-                    }
-                }
-                presetIds = (presetIds || []).filter(Boolean);
-                if (!presetIds.length) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                zonesWithPresets += 1;
-                const payload = { preset_ids: presetIds };
-                if (tabData.default_preset) {
-                    payload.default = tabData.default_preset;
-                }
-                const gids = Array.isArray(tabData.group_ids)
-                    ? tabData.group_ids.map((g) => String(g).trim()).filter((g) => g.length > 0)
-                    : [];
-                if (gids.length > 0) {
-                    payload.group_ids = gids;
-                }
-                const response = await fetch('/presets/send', {
-                    method: 'POST',
-                    headers: {
-                        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-                        'Accept': 'application/json',
-                    },
-                    body: JSON.stringify(payload),
-                });
-                const data = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
-                if (!response.ok) {
-                    const msg = (data && data.error) || `Failed to send presets for zone ${zoneId}.`;
-                    console.warn(msg);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                totalSent += typeof data.presets_sent === 'number' ? data.presets_sent : presetIds.length;
-                totalMessages += typeof data.messages_sent === 'number' ? data.messages_sent : 0;
-            } catch (e) {
-                console.error('Failed to send profile presets for zone:', zoneId, e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!zonesWithPresets) {
-            alert('No presets to send for the current profile.');
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const messagesLabel = totalMessages ? totalMessages : '?';
-        alert(`Sent ${totalSent} preset(s) across ${zonesWithPresets} zone(s) (${messagesLabel} driver send(s)).`);
-    } catch (error) {
-        console.error('Failed to send profile presets:', error);
-        alert('Failed to send profile presets.');
-    }
-}
-
 function tabPresetIdsInOrder(tabData) {
     return tabPresetIdsInZoneDoc(tabData);
 }
@@ -1380,14 +1281,6 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
         });
     }
     
-    // Profile-wide "Send Presets" button in header
-    const sendProfilePresetsBtn = document.getElementById('send-profile-presets-btn');
-    if (sendProfilePresetsBtn) {
-        sendProfilePresetsBtn.addEventListener('click', async () => {
-            await sendProfilePresets();
-        });
-    }
-
     const menuBrightnessSlider = document.getElementById('menu-brightness-slider');
     const headerBrightnessSlider = document.getElementById('header-brightness-slider');
     (async () => {
diff --git a/src/templates/index.html b/src/templates/index.html
index 19d17c9..a805308 100644
--- a/src/templates/index.html
+++ b/src/templates/index.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
                     <span class="nav-slide-toggle-side-label nav-slide-toggle-side-label--downbeat">Downbeat</span>
                 </div>
                 <div id="audio-top-indicator" class="audio-top-indicator">
-                    <button type="button" id="audio-top-beat-sync" class="audio-top-beat-sync" disabled title="Sync step to music (S)">
+                    <button type="button" id="audio-top-beat-sync" class="audio-beat-sync-btn audio-top-beat-sync" disabled title="Sync step to music (S)">
                         <span class="audio-top-indicator-label">BPM</span>
                         <span id="audio-top-bpm-value" class="audio-top-indicator-value">--</span>
                         <span id="audio-top-beat-readout" class="audio-top-beat-readout" aria-live="polite"></span>
@@ -38,10 +38,8 @@
                 <button class="btn btn-secondary edit-mode-only" id="sequences-btn">Sequences</button>
                 <button class="btn btn-secondary edit-mode-only" id="patterns-btn">Patterns</button>
                 <button class="btn btn-secondary edit-mode-only" id="color-palette-btn">Colour Palette</button>
-                <button class="btn btn-secondary edit-mode-only" id="send-profile-presets-btn">Send Presets</button>
-                <button class="btn btn-secondary edit-mode-only" id="led-tool-btn">LED Tool</button>
                 <button class="btn btn-secondary" id="audio-btn">Audio</button>
-                <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="audio-nav-reset-btn" hidden title="Clear stuck BPM / beat tracking">Reset detector</button>
+                <button class="btn btn-secondary edit-mode-only" id="settings-btn">Settings</button>
                 <button class="btn btn-secondary" id="help-btn">Help</button>
                 <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary ui-mode-toggle" id="ui-mode-toggle" aria-pressed="false" title="Switch preset strip mode — label is the mode you will switch to">Edit mode</button>
                 </div>
@@ -68,10 +66,8 @@
                     <button type="button" class="edit-mode-only" data-target="sequences-btn">Sequences</button>
                     <button type="button" class="edit-mode-only" data-target="patterns-btn">Patterns</button>
                     <button type="button" class="edit-mode-only" data-target="color-palette-btn">Colour Palette</button>
-                    <button type="button" class="edit-mode-only" data-target="send-profile-presets-btn">Send Presets</button>
-                    <button type="button" class="edit-mode-only" data-target="led-tool-btn">LED Tool</button>
                     <button type="button" data-target="audio-btn">Audio</button>
-                    <button type="button" id="audio-nav-reset-mobile" data-target="audio-nav-reset-btn" hidden>Reset detector</button>
+                    <button type="button" class="edit-mode-only" data-target="settings-btn">Settings</button>
                     <button type="button" data-target="help-btn">Help</button>
                 </div>
                 </div>
@@ -171,7 +167,12 @@
         <div class="modal-content">
             <h2>Devices</h2>
             <div id="devices-list-modal" class="profiles-list"></div>
-            <div class="modal-actions">
+            <div class="modal-actions" style="align-items:center;gap:0.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap;">
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="devices-ping-btn" title="ESP-NOW broadcast ping (3 s)">Ping drivers</button>
+                <span id="devices-ping-dot" class="device-status-dot device-status-dot--unknown" role="img" title="Not pinged yet" aria-label="Not pinged yet"></span>
+                <span id="devices-ping-status" class="muted-text" aria-live="polite"></span>
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="devices-update-groups-btn" title="Push group membership from Device groups to all ESP-NOW drivers">Update groups</button>
+                <span id="devices-groups-status" class="muted-text" aria-live="polite"></span>
                 <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="devices-close-btn">Close</button>
             </div>
         </div>
@@ -607,11 +608,11 @@
                 <li><strong>Colour Palette</strong>: build profile colours and use <strong>From Palette</strong> in preset editor to add linked colours (badge <strong>P</strong>) that update when palette colours change.</li>
             </ul>
 
-            <h3>What led-tool does</h3>
+            <h3>LED Tool (Settings tab)</h3>
             <ul>
                 <li><strong>USB device setup</strong>: updates <code>settings.json</code> on ESP32 drivers over serial (for example name, pin, LED count, Wi-Fi credentials).</li>
                 <li><strong>Deploy and maintenance</strong>: uploads driver files, flashes firmware, resets device, and follows serial logs.</li>
-                <li><strong>Scope</strong>: led-tool configures devices directly; this web UI controls profiles/zones/presets and sends runtime messages.</li>
+                <li><strong>Scope</strong>: led-tool configures devices directly; this web UI controls profiles/zones/presets and sends runtime messages. Open <strong>Settings → LED Tool</strong> in Edit mode.</li>
             </ul>
 
             <div class="modal-actions">
@@ -622,138 +623,146 @@
 
     <!-- Audio Modal -->
     <div id="audio-modal" class="modal">
-        <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="modal-content audio-modal-content">
             <h2>Audio Beat Detection</h2>
-            <p class="muted-text">Select an input device and start beat detection.</p>
-            <div class="form-group">
+            <div class="form-group audio-device-block">
                 <label for="audio-device-select">Input device</label>
-                <div class="profiles-actions">
-                    <select id="audio-device-select" style="flex: 1;">
-                        <option value="">Default input</option>
+                <div class="profiles-actions audio-device-select-row">
+                    <select id="audio-device-select">
+                        <option value="">System default input</option>
                     </select>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="audio-refresh-btn">Refresh</button>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-small" id="audio-refresh-btn" title="Refresh device list">Refresh</button>
                 </div>
-                <small>Tip: for Pulse/pipewire playback capture, use a source containing <code>monitor</code>.</small>
+                <small class="muted-text">Same sources as PulseAudio volume control. Pick a <strong>monitor</strong> source to follow playback.</small>
             </div>
             <div class="form-group">
-                <label for="audio-device-override">Manual device override (optional)</label>
-                <input type="text" id="audio-device-override" placeholder='e.g. 3 or "alsa_output....monitor"'>
-            </div>
-            <div class="form-group">
-                <label>Current BPM</label>
-                <div class="audio-bpm-row">
-                    <div id="audio-bpm-value" class="audio-bpm-readout">--</div>
-                </div>
+                <label>Beat indicators</label>
+                <button type="button" id="audio-modal-beat-sync" class="audio-beat-sync-btn audio-modal-beat-sync" disabled title="Start beat detection">
+                    <span class="audio-top-indicator-label">BPM</span>
+                    <span id="audio-bpm-value" class="audio-top-indicator-value">--</span>
+                    <span id="audio-modal-beat-readout" class="audio-top-beat-readout" aria-live="polite"></span>
+                    <span id="audio-bar-phase-value" class="audio-top-bar-phase" aria-live="polite" title="Bar phase (beat in bar)"></span>
+                </button>
+                <small class="muted-text">Flashes on each beat (same as the header). Tap on a downbeat while a sequence is playing to sync (<kbd>S</kbd>).</small>
             </div>
             <div class="form-group">
                 <label>Detected hit type</label>
                 <div id="audio-hit-type-value" class="audio-hit-type-readout">unknown</div>
             </div>
-            <div class="form-group">
-                <label>Bar phase</label>
-                <div class="audio-bpm-row">
-                    <div id="audio-bar-phase-value" class="audio-bpm-readout" title="Beat in bar (kick hints downbeat)">--</div>
+            <div class="form-group audio-volume-block">
+                <div class="audio-volume-header">
+                    <label for="audio-input-volume">Volume</label>
+                    <span id="audio-input-volume-readout" class="audio-volume-readout" aria-live="polite">100% (0.00 dB)</span>
                 </div>
-                <small class="muted-text">Bar uses kick-heavy hits (default 4/4). Tap <strong>Sync</strong> on a downbeat to lock bar phase.</small>
+                <div class="audio-volume-slider-row">
+                    <input type="range" id="audio-input-volume" class="audio-volume-slider" min="0" max="200" value="100" step="1" aria-label="Input gain">
+                </div>
+                <div class="audio-volume-scale" aria-hidden="true">
+                    <span class="audio-volume-scale-silence">Silence</span>
+                    <span class="audio-volume-scale-unity">100% (0 dB)</span>
+                </div>
+                <div class="audio-input-level-meter" role="meter" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" aria-valuenow="0" aria-label="Live input level">
+                    <div id="audio-input-level-bar" class="audio-input-level-bar"></div>
+                </div>
+                <small class="muted-text">Gain before beat detection (saved on the controller). The bar shows live input level while running.</small>
             </div>
-            <div class="form-group">
-                <label>Flash on beat</label>
-                <div id="audio-beat-flash" class="audio-beat-flash" aria-hidden="true"></div>
-            </div>
-
-            <div class="settings-section audio-settings-section">
-                <h3>Audio settings</h3>
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label for="audio-beat-phase-ms">Beat phase shift (ms)</label>
-                    <input type="number" id="audio-beat-phase-ms" min="0" max="500" step="5" value="0" style="width:6rem;">
-                    <small class="muted-text">Delays beat flashes so they line up with what you hear (saved on the controller).</small>
-                </div>
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>Beat sync</label>
-                    <button type="button" id="audio-modal-beat-readout" class="audio-modal-beat-readout muted-text" disabled title="Sync step to music (S)" aria-live="polite"></button>
-                    <small class="muted-text">While a sequence is playing, tap the BPM/beat button in the header on a downbeat to align the step counter. Shortcut: <kbd>S</kbd>.</small>
-                </div>
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>Sequence alignment</label>
-                    <div class="profiles-actions" style="flex-wrap: wrap;">
-                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="audio-sync-pass-btn">Restart pass</button>
-                    </div>
-                    <small class="muted-text"><strong>Restart pass</strong> jumps to step 1 of the sequence (<kbd>Shift+S</kbd>). Use <strong>Reset detector</strong> in the header (while audio is running) to clear stuck BPM/beat tracking without stopping audio.</small>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-
             <div class="modal-actions">
                 <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="audio-start-btn">Start</button>
                 <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="audio-stop-btn">Stop</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="audio-reset-btn" disabled title="Clear stuck BPM / beat tracking">Reset detector</button>
                 <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="audio-close-btn">Close</button>
             </div>
-            <div class="form-group" style="margin-top: 0.75rem;">
-                <label for="audio-devices-debug">Detected devices (Python)</label>
-                <textarea id="audio-devices-debug" rows="8" readonly style="width:100%; font-family:monospace; resize:vertical;"></textarea>
-            </div>
         </div>
     </div>
 
     <!-- Settings Modal -->
     <div id="settings-modal" class="modal">
-        <div class="modal-content">
-            <h2>Device Settings</h2>
-            <p class="muted-text">Configure WiFi Access Point and device settings.</p>
-
-            <div id="settings-message" class="message"></div>
-
-            <!-- Device Name -->
-            <div class="settings-section">
-                <h3>Device</h3>
-                <form id="device-form">
-                    <div class="form-group">
-                        <label for="device-name-input">Device Name</label>
-                        <input type="text" id="device-name-input" name="device_name" placeholder="e.g. led-controller" required>
-                        <small>This name may be used for mDNS (e.g. <code>name.local</code>) and UI display.</small>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="form-group">
-                        <label for="wifi-channel-input">WiFi channel (ESP-NOW)</label>
-                        <input type="number" id="wifi-channel-input" name="wifi_channel" min="1" max="11" required>
-                        <small>STA channel (1–11) for LED drivers and the serial bridge. Use the same value everywhere.</small>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="btn-group">
-                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-full">Save device settings</button>
-                    </div>
-                </form>
+        <div class="modal-content settings-modal-content">
+            <h2>Settings</h2>
+            <div class="settings-tabs" role="tablist" aria-label="Settings sections">
+                <button type="button" class="settings-tab-btn active" role="tab" id="settings-tab-bridge" data-settings-tab="bridge" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="settings-panel-bridge">Bridge</button>
+                <button type="button" class="settings-tab-btn" role="tab" id="settings-tab-led-tool" data-settings-tab="led-tool" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="settings-panel-led-tool">LED Tool</button>
             </div>
 
-            <!-- WiFi Access Point Settings -->
-            <div class="settings-section ap-settings-section">
-                <h3>WiFi Access Point</h3>
+            <div id="settings-panel-bridge" class="settings-tab-panel active" data-settings-panel="bridge" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="settings-tab-bridge">
+            <div class="settings-section">
+                <div class="profiles-actions" style="align-items:center;gap:0.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:0.5rem;">
+                    <span id="bridge-ws-status" class="muted-text" aria-live="polite"></span>
+                </div>
+                <ul id="bridge-connection-details" class="settings-bridge-connection-details muted-text" aria-live="polite"></ul>
 
-                <div id="ap-status" class="status-info">
-                    <h4>AP Status</h4>
-                    <p>Loading...</p>
+                <h3 class="settings-subheading">USB serial</h3>
+                <p class="muted-text" style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0.75rem;">Pi ↔ bridge over USB/UART. The bridge still uses Wi‑Fi radio for ESP-NOW only.</p>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="bridge-serial-label">Profile label</label>
+                    <input type="text" id="bridge-serial-label" placeholder="e.g. Pi USB bridge" autocomplete="off">
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="bridge-serial-port">USB serial port</label>
+                    <select id="bridge-serial-port">
+                        <option value="">— select port —</option>
+                    </select>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-small" id="bridge-serial-refresh-btn" style="margin-top:0.5rem;">Refresh ports</button>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="bridge-serial-baud">Baud rate</label>
+                    <input type="number" id="bridge-serial-baud" value="115200" min="9600" max="3000000" step="1">
+                </div>
+                <div class="profiles-actions" style="gap:0.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:1.25rem;">
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-small" id="bridge-serial-connect-btn">Connect serial</button>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-small" id="bridge-serial-save-profile-btn">Save serial profile</button>
                 </div>
 
-                <form id="ap-form">
-                    <div class="form-group">
-                        <label for="ap-ssid">AP SSID (Network Name)</label>
-                        <input type="text" id="ap-ssid" name="ssid" placeholder="Enter AP name" required>
-                        <small>The name of the WiFi access point this device creates</small>
+                <h3 class="settings-subheading">Wi‑Fi</h3>
+                <p class="muted-text" style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0.75rem;">Pi joins the bridge access point, then connects to <code>ws://&lt;bridge-ip&gt;/ws</code>.</p>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="bridge-wifi-interface">Wi‑Fi adapter</label>
+                    <select id="bridge-wifi-interface">
+                        <option value="">— select adapter —</option>
+                    </select>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-small" id="bridge-wifi-refresh-interfaces-btn" style="margin-top:0.5rem;">Refresh adapters</button>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="bridge-wifi-ssid">Bridge SSID</label>
+                    <div class="profiles-actions" style="gap:0.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-end;">
+                        <select id="bridge-wifi-ssid" style="flex:1;min-width:12rem;">
+                            <option value="">— scan or type below —</option>
+                        </select>
+                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-small" id="bridge-wifi-scan-btn">Scan</button>
                     </div>
+                    <input type="text" id="bridge-wifi-ssid-manual" placeholder="Or type SSID" autocomplete="off" style="margin-top:0.5rem;">
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="bridge-wifi-password">Password</label>
+                    <input type="password" id="bridge-wifi-password" autocomplete="off">
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="bridge-wifi-label">Profile label</label>
+                    <input type="text" id="bridge-wifi-label" placeholder="e.g. Garden bridge" autocomplete="off">
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group" style="display:flex;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap;">
+                    <div style="flex:1;min-width:8rem;">
+                        <label for="bridge-wifi-ap-ip">Bridge IP</label>
+                        <input type="text" id="bridge-wifi-ap-ip" value="192.168.4.1" autocomplete="off">
+                    </div>
+                    <div style="flex:0 0 6rem;">
+                        <label for="bridge-wifi-ws-port">WS port</label>
+                        <input type="number" id="bridge-wifi-ws-port" value="80" min="1" max="65535" step="1">
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="profiles-actions" style="gap:0.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:1rem;">
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-small" id="bridge-wifi-connect-btn">Connect Wi‑Fi</button>
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-small" id="bridge-wifi-save-profile-btn">Save Wi‑Fi profile</button>
+                </div>
 
-                    <div class="form-group">
-                        <label for="ap-password">AP Password</label>
-                        <input type="password" id="ap-password" name="password" placeholder="Enter AP password (min 8 chars)" data-bwignore>
-                        <small>Leave empty for open network (min 8 characters if set)</small>
-                    </div>
+                <h3 class="settings-subheading">Saved profiles</h3>
+                <ul id="bridge-profiles-list" class="settings-bridge-profiles muted-text"></ul>
+            </div>
+            </div>
 
-                    <div class="form-group">
-                        <label for="ap-channel">Channel (1-11)</label>
-                        <input type="number" id="ap-channel" name="channel" min="1" max="11" placeholder="Auto">
-                        <small>WiFi channel (1-11 for 2.4GHz). Leave empty for auto.</small>
-                    </div>
-
-                    <div class="btn-group">
-                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-full">Configure AP</button>
-                    </div>
-                </form>
+            <div id="settings-panel-led-tool" class="settings-tab-panel" data-settings-panel="led-tool" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="settings-tab-led-tool" hidden>
+                <p class="muted-text settings-led-tool-intro">USB serial setup for drivers and bridges: device settings, deploy, and firmware.</p>
+                <iframe id="led-tool-iframe" title="LED device settings editor" src="about:blank" allow="serial" class="settings-led-tool-iframe"></iframe>
             </div>
 
             <div class="modal-actions">
@@ -762,22 +771,11 @@
         </div>
     </div>
 
-    <!-- LED Tool Modal (led-tool/static settings editor) -->
-    <div id="led-tool-modal" class="modal">
-        <div class="modal-content" style="max-width: 960px; width: 95vw;">
-            <div class="modal-actions" style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">
-                <h2 style="margin: 0; flex: 1;">LED Tool — device settings</h2>
-                <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="led-tool-close-btn">Close</button>
-            </div>
-            <iframe id="led-tool-iframe" title="LED device settings editor" src="about:blank" allow="serial" style="width:100%;height:min(75vh,720px);border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-radius:4px;background:#0b1020;"></iframe>
-        </div>
-    </div>
-
     <!-- Styles moved to /static/style.css -->
+    <script src="/static/zone-devices-panel.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/groups.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/zones.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/help.js"></script>
-    <script src="/static/led_tool.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/color_palette.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/bundle_io.js"></script>
     <script src="/static/profiles.js"></script>
diff --git a/src/templates/settings.html b/src/templates/settings.html
index d6df994..e481d07 100644
--- a/src/templates/settings.html
+++ b/src/templates/settings.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
                     <div class="form-group">
                         <label for="wifi-channel-page-input">WiFi channel (ESP-NOW)</label>
                         <input type="number" id="wifi-channel-page-input" name="wifi_channel" min="1" max="11" required>
-                        <small>STA channel (1–11) for LED drivers and the serial bridge. Use the same value on every device.</small>
+                        <small>2.4&nbsp;GHz channel (1–11) for ESP-NOW drivers and the bridge AP/STA. Set the same <code>wifi_channel</code> on the bridge and each led-driver; those devices need a reboot after a change. Saving here updates the Pi setting (restart led-controller to apply).</small>
                     </div>
                     <div class="btn-group">
                         <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-full">Save channel</button>
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
                     <div class="form-group">
                         <label for="ap-channel">Channel (1-11)</label>
                         <input type="number" id="ap-channel" name="channel" min="1" max="11" placeholder="Auto">
-                        <small>WiFi channel (1-11 for 2.4GHz). Leave empty for auto.</small>
+                        <small>Bridge AP channel (1–11). Stored for reference; set <code>wifi_channel</code> on the bridge itself and reboot it to apply.</small>
                     </div>
 
                     <div class="btn-group">
diff --git a/src/util/README.md b/src/util/README.md
index 12d0020..738eac0 100644
--- a/src/util/README.md
+++ b/src/util/README.md
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 # Driver message builder (`espnow_message`)
 
-This utility builds **v1** JSON payloads for LED drivers (serial/ESP-NOW bridge and Wi-Fi TCP). See **`docs/API.md`** for the full wire format.
+This utility builds **v1** JSON payloads for LED drivers (ESP-NOW bridge and Wi-Fi TCP). See **`docs/API.md`** for the full wire format.
 
 ## Usage
 
 ### Basic Message Building
 
 ```python
-from util.espnow_message import build_message, build_preset_dict, build_select_dict
+from util.espnow_message import build_message, build_preset_dict
 
-# Build a message with presets and select
+# Build a message with presets and select (list form; routing is by MAC envelope / groups)
 presets = {
     "red_blink": build_preset_dict({
         "pattern": "blink",
@@ -20,27 +20,17 @@ presets = {
     })
 }
 
-select = build_select_dict({
-    "device1": "red_blink"
-})
-
-message = build_message(presets=presets, select=select)
-# Result: {"v": "1", "presets": {...}, "select": {...}}
+message = build_message(presets=presets, select=["red_blink"])
+# Result: {"v": "1", "presets": {...}, "select": ["red_blink"]}
 ```
 
-### Building Select Messages with Step Synchronization
+### Select with step
 
 ```python
-from util.espnow_message import build_message, build_select_dict
+from util.espnow_message import build_message
 
-# Select with step for synchronization
-select = build_select_dict(
-    {"device1": "rainbow_preset", "device2": "rainbow_preset"},
-    step_mapping={"device1": 10, "device2": 10}
-)
-
-message = build_message(select=select)
-# Result: {"v": "1", "select": {"device1": ["rainbow_preset", 10], "device2": ["rainbow_preset", 10]}}
+message = build_message(select=["rainbow_preset", 10])
+# Result: {"v": "1", "select": ["rainbow_preset", 10]}
 ```
 
 ### Converting Presets
diff --git a/src/util/audio_detector.py b/src/util/audio_detector.py
index 610668b..1a6a1a9 100644
--- a/src/util/audio_detector.py
+++ b/src/util/audio_detector.py
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ from typing import Any
 _HOLDOVER_BPM_MIN = 30.0
 _HOLDOVER_BPM_MAX = 300.0
 _HOLDOVER_MAX_S = 300.0
+# After this many seconds without a detected beat, re-prime aubio and start BPM holdover
+# (same window as status() uses to hide stale BPM).
+_SILENCE_GAP_S = 4.0
 
 
 class AudioBeatDetector:
@@ -24,6 +27,8 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
         self._holdover_thread: threading.Thread | None = None
         self._holdover_stop = threading.Event()
         self._holdover_active = False
+        self._last_real_beat_ts: float | None = None
+        self._last_gap_tempo_reset_ts: float = 0.0
         self._status = {
             "running": False,
             "bpm": None,
@@ -38,9 +43,36 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
             "bar_phase_readout": "1/4",
             "error": None,
             "device": None,
+            "input_level": 0.0,
         }
 
     def list_input_devices(self):
+        try:
+            from util.pulse_audio_devices import list_pulse_matched_input_devices
+
+            pulse = list_pulse_matched_input_devices()
+            if pulse:
+                return pulse
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"[audio] pulse device list skipped: {e!r}")
+
+        sd_list = self._list_sounddevice_input_devices()
+        if sd_list:
+            print("[audio] device list: sounddevice fallback (install/use pactl for Pulse names)")
+        return sd_list
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _skip_sounddevice_virtual(name: str, hostapi_name: str) -> bool:
+        """Hide PortAudio/Pulse aggregate devices (pipewire, pulse, default)."""
+        n = name.strip().lower()
+        if n in ("pipewire", "pulse", "default", "sysdefault"):
+            return True
+        ha = hostapi_name.strip().lower()
+        if ha in ("pulse", "pipewire") and n in ("default", "pipewire", "pulse"):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def _list_sounddevice_input_devices(self):
         import sounddevice as sd
 
         devices = sd.query_devices()
@@ -55,15 +87,17 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
             name = str(dev.get("name", f"Input {idx}"))
             chans = int(dev.get("max_input_channels", 0))
             is_monitor_named = "monitor" in name.lower()
-            if chans <= 0 and not is_monitor_named:
-                continue
-            sr = int(dev.get("default_samplerate", 44100))
             hostapi_idx = int(dev.get("hostapi", -1))
             hostapi_name = (
                 str(hostapis[hostapi_idx].get("name", "unknown"))
                 if 0 <= hostapi_idx < len(hostapis)
                 else "unknown"
             )
+            if self._skip_sounddevice_virtual(name, hostapi_name):
+                continue
+            if chans <= 0 and not is_monitor_named:
+                continue
+            sr = int(dev.get("default_samplerate", 44100))
             is_default = default_input_idx is not None and idx == default_input_idx
             ch_label = f"{chans}ch" if chans > 0 else "0ch?"
             label = f"[{idx}] {name} ({ch_label} @ {sr}Hz, {hostapi_name})"
@@ -71,10 +105,14 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
                 label = f"{label} [default]"
             if is_monitor_named:
                 label = f"{label} [monitor]"
+            display_name = name
+            if is_default:
+                display_name = f"{display_name} (default)"
             out.append(
                 {
                     "id": idx,
                     "name": name,
+                    "display_name": display_name,
                     "label": label,
                     "max_input_channels": chans,
                     "default_samplerate": sr,
@@ -101,6 +139,13 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
         }
 
     def start(self, device=None):
+        try:
+            from util.pulse_audio_devices import resolve_capture_device
+
+            device = resolve_capture_device(device)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._set_error(str(e))
+            raise
         should_restart = False
         with self._lock:
             should_restart = self._running
@@ -108,6 +153,8 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
             self.stop()
         with self._lock:
             self._stop_event.clear()
+            self._last_real_beat_ts = None
+            self._last_gap_tempo_reset_ts = 0.0
             self._status.update(
                 {
                     "running": True,
@@ -162,7 +209,42 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
             self._thread = None
             self._stream = None
             self._pending_reset = False
+            self._last_real_beat_ts = None
+            self._last_gap_tempo_reset_ts = 0.0
             self._status["running"] = False
+            self._status["input_level"] = 0.0
+
+    def _update_input_level(self, mono) -> None:
+        import numpy as np
+
+        arr = np.asarray(mono, dtype=np.float32)
+        if arr.size == 0:
+            inst = 0.0
+        else:
+            peak = float(np.max(np.abs(arr)))
+            rms = float(np.sqrt(np.mean(arr * arr)))
+            inst = min(1.0, max(peak, rms * 2.0))
+        with self._lock:
+            prev = float(self._status.get("input_level") or 0.0)
+            if inst >= prev:
+                self._status["input_level"] = inst
+            else:
+                self._status["input_level"] = max(inst, prev * 0.82)
+
+    def _decay_input_level(self) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            prev = float(self._status.get("input_level") or 0.0)
+            self._status["input_level"] = prev * 0.82
+
+    def _input_gain(self) -> float:
+        try:
+            from settings import get_settings
+
+            vol = int(get_settings().get("audio_input_volume") or 100)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError, ImportError):
+            vol = 100
+        vol = max(0, min(200, vol))
+        return vol / 100.0
 
     def status(self):
         with self._lock:
@@ -342,10 +424,47 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
             print(f"[audio] anchor_bar_phase: {e}")
             return False
 
+    def _maybe_recover_after_silence_gap(self, runtime) -> None:
+        """After a quiet spell, reset tempo tracking and run holdover until real beats return."""
+        now = time.time()
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._running:
+                return
+            last_real = self._last_real_beat_ts
+            bpm = self._clamp_holdover_bpm(self._status.get("bpm"))
+            holdover = self._holdover_active
+            last_reset = self._last_gap_tempo_reset_ts
+        if last_real is None or bpm is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            gap = now - float(last_real)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            return
+        if gap < _SILENCE_GAP_S:
+            return
+        if not holdover:
+            self._start_bpm_holdover(bpm)
+        try:
+            since_reset = (
+                now - float(last_reset) if last_reset else _SILENCE_GAP_S
+            )
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            since_reset = _SILENCE_GAP_S
+        if since_reset >= _SILENCE_GAP_S:
+            try:
+                runtime.reset_tempo_state()
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"[audio] silence gap tempo reset: {e}")
+            else:
+                with self._lock:
+                    self._last_gap_tempo_reset_ts = now
+
     def _record_beat(self, bpm, beat_type="unknown", beat_type_confidence=0.0, **phase_fields):
         self._stop_bpm_holdover()
         now = time.time()
+        self._last_real_beat_ts = now
         with self._lock:
+            self._last_gap_tempo_reset_ts = 0.0
             self._status["last_beat_ts"] = now
             self._status["bpm"] = bpm
             self._status["beat_type"] = beat_type
@@ -386,6 +505,9 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
             beat_mod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
             spec.loader.exec_module(beat_mod)
 
+            from util.pulse_audio_devices import resolve_capture_device
+
+            device = resolve_capture_device(device)
             if device is None:
                 try:
                     device = int(sd.default.device[0])
@@ -395,6 +517,10 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
                     raise RuntimeError(
                         "no default input device; open Audio, pick an input, then Start"
                     )
+            if not isinstance(device, int):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"internal error: unresolved capture device {device!r}"
+                )
 
             dev_info = sd.query_devices(device, "input")
             sample_rate = int(dev_info["default_samplerate"])
@@ -450,6 +576,8 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
                     try:
                         frame = audio_q.get(timeout=0.1)
                     except queue.Empty:
+                        self._decay_input_level()
+                        self._maybe_recover_after_silence_gap(runtime)
                         continue
                     self._process_pending_reset(runtime)
                     if frame.shape[0] != hop_size:
@@ -457,8 +585,13 @@ class AudioBeatDetector:
                             frame = frame[:hop_size]
                         else:
                             frame = np.pad(frame, (0, hop_size - frame.shape[0]))
+                    gain = self._input_gain()
+                    if gain != 1.0:
+                        frame = frame * gain
+                    self._update_input_level(frame)
                     event = runtime.process_frame(frame, now_s=time.time())
                     if event is None:
+                        self._maybe_recover_after_silence_gap(runtime)
                         continue
                     bpm = event.get("bpm")
                     self._record_beat(
diff --git a/src/util/audio_run_persist.py b/src/util/audio_run_persist.py
index 069f4c0..0bafec6 100644
--- a/src/util/audio_run_persist.py
+++ b/src/util/audio_run_persist.py
@@ -71,8 +71,6 @@ def write_audio_run_state(
                 else str(prev.get("device_select") or "")
             ),
         }
-        if device_select is None and device is not None:
-            data["device_select"] = str(device)
     else:
         data = {
             "enabled": False,
diff --git a/src/util/beat_driver_route.py b/src/util/beat_driver_route.py
index 6c20180..96e2d9f 100644
--- a/src/util/beat_driver_route.py
+++ b/src/util/beat_driver_route.py
@@ -423,6 +423,16 @@ def mark_sequence_manual_lane_select_sent(lane_index: int) -> None:
             e["suppress_next_notify"] = True
 
 
+def reset_manual_lane_strides() -> None:
+    """Zero manual-lane beat counters after a sequence change (routes unchanged)."""
+    global _preset_session_beats
+    with _route_lock:
+        _preset_session_beats = 0
+        for e in _lane_manual.values():
+            if isinstance(e, dict):
+                e["beat_counter"] = 0
+
+
 def sync_beat_route_from_push_sequence(
     sequence: List[Any],
     target_macs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
@@ -594,11 +604,11 @@ async def _deliver_select(
     group_ids: Optional[List[str]] = None,
 ) -> None:
     from models.device import Device
-    from models.transport import get_current_sender
+    from models.transport import get_current_bridge
     from util.driver_delivery import deliver_json_messages
 
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return
     devices = Device()
     gids = [str(g).strip() for g in (group_ids or []) if str(g).strip()]
@@ -607,7 +617,7 @@ async def _deliver_select(
         body["groups"] = gids
     msg = json.dumps(body, separators=(",", ":"))
     try:
-        await deliver_json_messages(sender, [msg], None, devices, delay_s=0.05)
+        await deliver_json_messages(bridge, [msg], None, devices, delay_s=0.05)
     except Exception as e:
         print(f"[beat-route] deliver failed: {e}")
 
diff --git a/src/util/bridge_for_group.py b/src/util/bridge_for_group.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8215e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/bridge_for_group.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+"""Resolve and connect the bridge assigned to device groups."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Any
+
+from models.group import Group
+from settings import get_settings
+from util.bridge_profiles import find_bridge_profile
+from util.bridge_runtime import connect_bridge_profile
+from util.espnow_registry import push_groups_for_group_devices
+
+
+def _normalize_bridge_id(raw: object) -> Optional[str]:
+    bid = str(raw or "").strip()
+    return bid if bid else None
+
+
+def bridge_id_for_group_doc(gdoc: dict) -> Optional[str]:
+    if not isinstance(gdoc, dict):
+        return None
+    return _normalize_bridge_id(gdoc.get("bridge_id"))
+
+
+def _bridge_ids_for_group_docs(docs: list) -> Set[Optional[str]]:
+    ids: Set[Optional[str]] = set()
+    for doc in docs:
+        if not isinstance(doc, dict):
+            continue
+        ids.add(bridge_id_for_group_doc(doc))
+    return ids
+
+
+def bridge_id_for_group_id(group_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    gid = str(group_id or "").strip()
+    if not gid:
+        return None
+    gdoc = Group().read(gid)
+    if not gdoc:
+        return None
+    return bridge_id_for_group_doc(gdoc)
+
+
+def build_group_to_bridge_map(group_ids: List[str]) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+    """Map group id -> bridge profile id (``None`` = default / current connection)."""
+    groups = Group()
+    out: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+    for gid in group_ids:
+        s = str(gid).strip()
+        if not s or s in out:
+            continue
+        gdoc = groups.read(s)
+        out[s] = bridge_id_for_group_doc(gdoc) if gdoc else None
+    return out
+
+
+def bridge_ids_for_group_ids(group_ids: List[str]) -> Set[Optional[str]]:
+    if not group_ids:
+        return set()
+    return set(build_group_to_bridge_map(group_ids).values())
+
+
+def ordered_bridge_ids(bridge_ids: Set[Optional[str]]) -> List[Optional[str]]:
+    """Stable order: default bridge first, then profile ids sorted."""
+    if not bridge_ids:
+        return []
+    rest = sorted(b for b in bridge_ids if b)
+    if None in bridge_ids:
+        return [None, *rest]
+    return rest
+
+
+def bridges_needed_for_body(
+    body: dict, group_to_bridge: Dict[str, Optional[str]]
+) -> Set[Optional[str]]:
+    """Which bridge(s) must receive this v1 body (by ``groups`` / ``g``)."""
+    if not isinstance(body, dict):
+        return {None}
+    g = body.get("groups") or body.get("g")
+    if not isinstance(g, list) or not g:
+        return {None}
+    needed: Set[Optional[str]] = set()
+    for item in g:
+        gid = str(item).strip()
+        if gid:
+            needed.add(group_to_bridge.get(gid))
+    return needed if needed else {None}
+
+
+async def ensure_bridge_for_bridge_id(bridge_id: Optional[str]) -> tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
+    if not bridge_id or not str(bridge_id).strip():
+        return True, None
+    settings = get_settings()
+    profile = find_bridge_profile(settings, bridge_id)
+    if not profile:
+        return False, f"Unknown bridge profile {bridge_id!r}"
+    ok, err = await connect_bridge_profile(profile, settings)
+    if not ok:
+        return False, err or "Bridge connect failed"
+    return True, None
+
+
+async def ensure_bridges_for_group_ids(group_ids: List[str]) -> tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
+    """Join each distinct bridge used by these groups (sequential; last stays active)."""
+    bridge_ids = bridge_ids_for_group_ids(group_ids)
+    for bid in ordered_bridge_ids(bridge_ids):
+        ok, err = await ensure_bridge_for_bridge_id(bid)
+        if not ok:
+            return False, err
+    return True, None
+
+
+async def ensure_bridge_for_group_ids(group_ids: List[str]) -> tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
+    """Connect to every bridge referenced by these groups."""
+    if not group_ids:
+        return True, None
+    return await ensure_bridges_for_group_ids(group_ids)
+
+
+async def ensure_bridge_for_group_doc(gdoc: dict) -> tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
+    if not isinstance(gdoc, dict):
+        return True, None
+    bid = bridge_id_for_group_doc(gdoc)
+    if not bid:
+        return True, None
+    return await ensure_bridge_for_bridge_id(bid)
+
+
+def count_groups_by_bridge() -> Dict[str, int]:
+    """Map bridge profile id -> number of groups assigned."""
+    counts: Dict[str, int] = {}
+    groups = Group()
+    for _gid, doc in groups.items():
+        if not isinstance(doc, dict):
+            continue
+        bid = bridge_id_for_group_doc(doc)
+        if bid:
+            counts[bid] = counts.get(bid, 0) + 1
+    return counts
+
+
+def groups_for_bridge_assignment(bridge_id: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    """All groups with ``assigned`` flag for bridge profile ``bridge_id``."""
+    bid = str(bridge_id or "").strip()
+    if not bid:
+        return []
+    groups = Group()
+    out: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for gid, doc in groups.items():
+        if not isinstance(doc, dict):
+            continue
+        gbid = bridge_id_for_group_doc(doc)
+        devs = doc.get("devices") if isinstance(doc.get("devices"), list) else []
+        out.append(
+            {
+                "id": str(gid),
+                "name": str(doc.get("name") or gid),
+                "assigned": gbid == bid,
+                "bridge_id": gbid,
+                "device_count": len(devs),
+            }
+        )
+    out.sort(key=lambda row: str(row.get("name") or "").lower())
+    return out
+
+
+async def assign_groups_to_bridge(
+    bridge_id: str, group_ids: List[str]
+) -> tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
+    """Set ``bridge_id`` on listed groups; clear it on others that used this bridge."""
+    bid = str(bridge_id or "").strip()
+    if not bid:
+        return False, "bridge_id required"
+    settings = get_settings()
+    if not find_bridge_profile(settings, bid):
+        return False, f"Unknown bridge profile {bid!r}"
+    want = {str(g).strip() for g in group_ids if str(g).strip()}
+    groups = Group()
+    for gid in want:
+        if str(gid) not in groups or not isinstance(groups.read(str(gid)), dict):
+            return False, f"Unknown group id {gid!r}"
+    changed: List[dict] = []
+    for gid, doc in list(groups.items()):
+        if not isinstance(doc, dict):
+            continue
+        gsid = str(gid)
+        current = bridge_id_for_group_doc(doc)
+        if gsid in want:
+            if current != bid:
+                groups.update(gsid, {"bridge_id": bid})
+                g = groups.read(gsid)
+                if g:
+                    changed.append(g)
+        elif current == bid:
+            groups.update(gsid, {"bridge_id": None})
+            g = groups.read(gsid)
+            if g:
+                changed.append(g)
+    for gdoc in changed:
+        await push_groups_for_group_devices(gdoc)
+    return True, None
diff --git a/src/util/bridge_profiles.py b/src/util/bridge_profiles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39c85a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/bridge_profiles.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Saved ESP-NOW bridge profiles from settings.json."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import uuid
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+
+def normalise_bridges(raw: Any) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    if not isinstance(raw, list):
+        return []
+    out: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for item in raw:
+        if not isinstance(item, dict):
+            continue
+        bid = str(item.get("id") or "").strip() or uuid.uuid4().hex[:12]
+        label = str(item.get("label") or "").strip()
+        transport = str(item.get("transport") or "serial").strip().lower()
+        if transport == "wifi":
+            ssid = str(item.get("ssid") or "").strip()
+            if not ssid:
+                continue
+            try:
+                port = int(item.get("ws_port") or 80)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                port = 80
+            out.append(
+                {
+                    "id": bid,
+                    "label": label or ssid,
+                    "transport": "wifi",
+                    "ssid": ssid,
+                    "password": str(item.get("password") or ""),
+                    "ap_ip": str(item.get("ap_ip") or "192.168.4.1").strip(),
+                    "ws_port": port,
+                }
+            )
+            continue
+        serial_port = str(item.get("serial_port") or "").strip()
+        if not serial_port:
+            continue
+        try:
+            baud = int(item.get("serial_baudrate") or 921600)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            baud = 921600
+        out.append(
+            {
+                "id": bid,
+                "label": label or serial_port,
+                "transport": "serial",
+                "serial_port": serial_port,
+                "serial_baudrate": baud,
+            }
+        )
+    return out
+
+
+def find_bridge_profile(settings: Any, bridge_id: Optional[str]) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    if not bridge_id:
+        return None
+    bid = str(bridge_id).strip()
+    if not bid:
+        return None
+    for profile in normalise_bridges(settings.get("bridges")):
+        if profile.get("id") == bid:
+            return profile
+    return None
diff --git a/src/util/bridge_runtime.py b/src/util/bridge_runtime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cea62bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/bridge_runtime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+"""Start or refresh the bridge client after Wi‑Fi or USB serial connect."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Awaitable, Callable, Optional
+
+from models.bridge_serial_client import get_bridge_serial_client, init_bridge_serial_client
+from models.bridge_ws_client import get_bridge_client, init_bridge_client
+from models.transport import BridgeSerialTransport, BridgeWsTransport, get_current_bridge, set_bridge
+from settings import WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
+from util.bridge_profiles import normalise_bridges
+from util.pi_wifi import (
+    build_bridge_ws_url,
+    connect_wifi,
+    nmcli_available,
+    ssid_visible,
+    wait_for_device,
+)
+
+UplinkHandler = Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]
+
+_uplink_handler: Optional[UplinkHandler] = None
+
+
+def set_bridge_uplink_handler(handler: Optional[UplinkHandler]) -> None:
+    global _uplink_handler
+    _uplink_handler = handler
+
+
+def _bridge_transport_mode(settings) -> str:
+    mode = str(settings.get("bridge_transport") or "wifi").strip().lower()
+    return mode if mode in ("wifi", "serial") else "wifi"
+
+
+def bridge_ws_connected() -> bool:
+    client = get_bridge_client()
+    if client is None:
+        return False
+    return client._connected.is_set()
+
+
+def bridge_serial_connected() -> bool:
+    client = get_bridge_serial_client()
+    if client is None:
+        return False
+    return client._connected.is_set()
+
+
+def stop_bridge_ws_client() -> None:
+    client = get_bridge_client()
+    if client is not None:
+        client.stop()
+
+
+def stop_bridge_serial_client() -> None:
+    client = get_bridge_serial_client()
+    if client is not None:
+        client.stop()
+
+
+def bridge_connected() -> bool:
+    from settings import get_settings
+
+    settings = get_settings()
+    if _bridge_transport_mode(settings) == "serial":
+        return bridge_serial_connected()
+    return bridge_ws_connected()
+
+
+def active_bridge_profile_id(settings) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Saved profile id matching the current transport connection, if any."""
+    if not bridge_connected():
+        return None
+    mode = _bridge_transport_mode(settings)
+    from util.pi_wifi import build_bridge_ws_url
+
+    for profile in normalise_bridges(settings.get("bridges")):
+        pid = str(profile.get("id") or "").strip()
+        if not pid:
+            continue
+        if mode == "serial" and profile.get("transport") == "serial":
+            if str(profile.get("serial_port") or "") == str(
+                settings.get("bridge_serial_port") or ""
+            ).strip():
+                return pid
+        if mode == "wifi" and profile.get("transport") == "wifi":
+            try:
+                url = build_bridge_ws_url(profile.get("ap_ip"), profile.get("ws_port") or 80)
+            except ValueError:
+                continue
+            if url == str(settings.get("bridge_ws_url") or "").strip():
+                return pid
+    return None
+
+
+async def ensure_bridge_client(
+    url: str,
+    *,
+    wifi_channel: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> bool:
+    """Ensure ``BridgeWsTransport`` is active and pointed at ``url``."""
+    stop_bridge_serial_client()
+    url = str(url or "").strip()
+    if not url:
+        return False
+    ch = wifi_channel if wifi_channel is not None else WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
+    client = get_bridge_client()
+    if client is None:
+        client = init_bridge_client(url, wifi_channel=ch)
+        if _uplink_handler is not None:
+            client.set_uplink_handler(_uplink_handler)
+        client.start()
+    else:
+        if client._url != url:
+            client._url = url
+        client._wifi_channel = ch
+        if _uplink_handler is not None:
+            client.set_uplink_handler(_uplink_handler)
+        client._signal_disconnect()
+    current = get_current_bridge()
+    if current is None or not hasattr(current, "send_envelope"):
+        set_bridge(BridgeWsTransport())
+    return await client.wait_connected(timeout=30.0)
+
+
+async def ensure_bridge_serial_client(
+    port: str,
+    *,
+    baudrate: int = 921600,
+) -> bool:
+    """Ensure ``BridgeSerialTransport`` is active on ``port``."""
+    stop_bridge_ws_client()
+    port = str(port or "").strip()
+    if not port:
+        return False
+    baud = int(baudrate)
+    client = get_bridge_serial_client()
+    if client is None:
+        client = init_bridge_serial_client(port, baudrate=baud)
+        if _uplink_handler is not None:
+            client.set_uplink_handler(_uplink_handler)
+        client.start()
+        set_bridge(BridgeSerialTransport())
+        return await client.wait_connected(timeout=20.0)
+    if client._port != port or client._baudrate != baud:
+        client.stop()
+        client = init_bridge_serial_client(port, baudrate=baud)
+        if _uplink_handler is not None:
+            client.set_uplink_handler(_uplink_handler)
+        client.start()
+    elif _uplink_handler is not None:
+        client.set_uplink_handler(_uplink_handler)
+    client._signal_disconnect()
+    set_bridge(BridgeSerialTransport())
+    return await client.wait_connected(timeout=20.0)
+
+
+async def connect_bridge_serial(profile: dict, settings) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Open USB/serial to the bridge and switch transport to serial."""
+    if not isinstance(profile, dict):
+        return False, "Invalid bridge profile"
+    port = str(profile.get("serial_port") or settings.get("bridge_serial_port") or "").strip()
+    if not port:
+        return False, "Serial port not configured"
+    try:
+        baud = int(profile.get("serial_baudrate") or settings.get("bridge_serial_baudrate") or 921600)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        baud = 921600
+    settings["bridge_transport"] = "serial"
+    settings["bridge_serial_port"] = port
+    settings["bridge_serial_baudrate"] = baud
+    settings.save()
+    stop_bridge_ws_client()
+    if not await ensure_bridge_serial_client(port, baudrate=baud):
+        return False, f"Serial bridge not connected ({port})"
+    return True, ""
+
+
+async def connect_bridge_wifi(profile: dict, settings) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Join bridge AP and open WebSocket to ``profile``."""
+    if not isinstance(profile, dict):
+        return False, "Invalid bridge profile"
+    ssid = str(profile.get("ssid") or "").strip()
+    if not ssid:
+        return False, "Bridge SSID not configured"
+    device = str(profile.get("wifi_interface") or settings.get("wifi_interface") or "").strip()
+    if not device:
+        return False, "Wi‑Fi interface not configured (Settings → Bridge Wi‑Fi)"
+    if not nmcli_available():
+        return False, "nmcli not found (install NetworkManager)"
+    try:
+        if not await ssid_visible(device, ssid):
+            return (
+                False,
+                f"SSID {ssid!r} not visible on {device} — power on the bridge and scan in Settings",
+            )
+        await connect_wifi(
+            device=device,
+            ssid=ssid,
+            password=str(profile.get("password") or ""),
+        )
+        await wait_for_device(device)
+    except Exception as e:
+        err = str(e).strip()
+        if err.startswith("Error:"):
+            err = err[6:].strip()
+        return False, err or "Wi‑Fi connect failed"
+    try:
+        url = build_bridge_ws_url(profile.get("ap_ip"), profile.get("ws_port") or 80)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        return False, str(e)
+    try:
+        ch = int(settings.get("wifi_channel", WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        ch = WIFI_CHANNEL_DEFAULT
+    settings["bridge_transport"] = "wifi"
+    settings["bridge_ws_url"] = url
+    settings["wifi_interface"] = device
+    settings.save()
+    stop_bridge_serial_client()
+    if not await ensure_bridge_client(url, wifi_channel=ch):
+        return False, f"WebSocket bridge not connected ({url})"
+    return True, ""
+
+
+async def connect_bridge_profile(profile: dict, settings) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Connect using a saved bridge profile (serial or wifi)."""
+    if not isinstance(profile, dict):
+        return False, "Invalid bridge profile"
+    transport = str(profile.get("transport") or "serial").strip().lower()
+    if transport == "wifi":
+        return await connect_bridge_wifi(profile, settings)
+    return await connect_bridge_serial(profile, settings)
diff --git a/src/util/bridge_serial_frame.py b/src/util/bridge_serial_frame.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..619733e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/bridge_serial_frame.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""Length-prefixed serial frames between Pi and ESP-NOW bridge (same payload as WebSocket)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import struct
+
+_MAX_SERIAL_FRAME = 4096
+_MAX_SERIAL_BUF = 8192
+
+
+def pack_serial_frame(payload: bytes) -> bytes:
+    if len(payload) > _MAX_SERIAL_FRAME:
+        raise ValueError(f"serial frame too large ({len(payload)} B)")
+    return struct.pack(">H", len(payload)) + payload
+
+
+def feed_serial_buffer(buf: bytearray, chunk: bytes) -> list[bytes]:
+    """Append ``chunk`` to ``buf`` and return any complete frames."""
+    if chunk:
+        buf.extend(chunk)
+    if len(buf) > _MAX_SERIAL_BUF:
+        del buf[:]
+    frames: list[bytes] = []
+    while True:
+        if len(buf) < 2:
+            break
+        (length,) = struct.unpack(">H", buf[0:2])
+        if length > _MAX_SERIAL_FRAME:
+            del buf[:1]
+            continue
+        total = 2 + length
+        if len(buf) < total:
+            if len(buf) > _MAX_SERIAL_BUF:
+                del buf[:]
+            break
+        frames.append(bytes(buf[2:total]))
+        del buf[:total]
+    return frames
diff --git a/src/util/driver_delivery.py b/src/util/driver_delivery.py
index b20fc5f..3b0ffef 100644
--- a/src/util/driver_delivery.py
+++ b/src/util/driver_delivery.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import asyncio
 import json
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Union
 
 from util.bridge_envelope import (
     BROADCAST_MAC,
@@ -12,15 +12,9 @@ from util.bridge_envelope import (
     split_v1_body_for_espnow,
 )
 from util.espnow_message import build_message
-from util.espnow_wire import WIRE_MAGIC, pack_group_cmd
-
 _MAX_JSON_ESPNOW = 240
 
 
-def v1_message_bytes(body: Dict[str, Any]) -> bytes:
-    return json.dumps(body, separators=(",", ":")).encode("utf-8")
-
-
 def _body_from_message(msg: Union[str, bytes, bytearray, Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
     if isinstance(msg, dict):
         if msg.get("v") == "1" and "devices" not in msg:
@@ -44,17 +38,7 @@ def _body_from_message(msg: Union[str, bytes, bytearray, Dict[str, Any]]) -> Opt
     return None
 
 
-async def deliver_envelope(sender, envelope: Dict[str, Any], delay_s: float = 0.1) -> int:
-    if not envelope or not isinstance(envelope.get("devices"), dict):
-        return 0
-    if await sender.send(envelope):
-        if delay_s > 0:
-            await asyncio.sleep(delay_s)
-        return 1
-    return 0
-
-
-async def _deliver_v1_body(sender, mac_key: str, body: Dict[str, Any], delay_s: float) -> int:
+async def _deliver_v1_body(bridge, mac_key: str, body: Dict[str, Any], delay_s: float) -> int:
     deliveries = 0
     try:
         chunks = split_v1_body_for_espnow(body)
@@ -62,76 +46,13 @@ async def _deliver_v1_body(sender, mac_key: str, body: Dict[str, Any], delay_s:
         return 0
     for chunk in chunks:
         env = build_devices_envelope({mac_key: chunk})
-        if await sender.send(env):
+        if await bridge.send(env):
             deliveries += 1
         if delay_s > 0:
             await asyncio.sleep(delay_s)
     return deliveries
 
 
-async def deliver_packets(
-    sender,
-    packets: List[bytes],
-    *,
-    delay_s: float = 0.1,
-    target_macs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-    unicast: bool = False,
-) -> int:
-    if not packets:
-        return 0
-    deliveries = 0
-    mac_keys = _unicast_mac_keys(target_macs) if unicast and target_macs else [BROADCAST_MAC]
-    for mac_key in mac_keys:
-        for pkt in packets:
-            body = _body_from_message(pkt)
-            if body:
-                deliveries += await _deliver_v1_body(sender, mac_key, body, delay_s)
-            else:
-                if await sender.send(pkt):
-                    deliveries += 1
-                if delay_s > 0:
-                    await asyncio.sleep(delay_s)
-    return deliveries
-
-
-async def deliver_binary_packets(
-    sender,
-    packets: List[bytes],
-    target_macs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-    *,
-    delay_s: float = 0.1,
-    unicast: bool = False,
-) -> int:
-    return await deliver_packets(
-        sender, packets, delay_s=delay_s, target_macs=target_macs, unicast=unicast
-    )
-
-
-async def deliver_group_binary_packets(
-    sender,
-    group_id: str,
-    packets: List[bytes],
-    *,
-    delay_s: float = 0.1,
-) -> int:
-    """Broadcast GROUP_CMD wire packets (legacy binary passthrough on bridge)."""
-    from util.espnow_wire import parse_cmd
-
-    deliveries = 0
-    for pkt in packets:
-        env, save = parse_cmd(pkt)
-        if env is None:
-            continue
-        try:
-            g_pkt = pack_group_cmd(str(group_id), env, save=save)
-        except ValueError:
-            continue
-        if await sender.send(g_pkt):
-            deliveries += 1
-        await asyncio.sleep(delay_s)
-    return deliveries
-
-
 def build_preset_json_chunks(
     presets_by_name: Dict[str, Any],
     *,
@@ -174,29 +95,6 @@ def build_preset_json_chunks(
     return [c for c in chunks if c]
 
 
-async def deliver_preset_broadcast_then_per_device(
-    sender,
-    chunk_messages,
-    target_macs,
-    devices_model,
-    default_id,
-    delay_s=0.1,
-):
-    del devices_model, target_macs
-    deliveries = 0
-    for msg in chunk_messages:
-        body = _body_from_message(msg)
-        if not body:
-            continue
-        deliveries += await _deliver_v1_body(sender, BROADCAST_MAC, body, delay_s)
-
-    if default_id:
-        body = {"default": str(default_id), "save": True}
-        deliveries += await _deliver_v1_body(sender, BROADCAST_MAC, body, delay_s)
-
-    return deliveries
-
-
 def _unicast_mac_keys(target_macs: Optional[List[str]]) -> List[str]:
     """One formatted MAC per target; empty list means broadcast."""
     if not target_macs:
@@ -212,7 +110,7 @@ def _unicast_mac_keys(target_macs: Optional[List[str]]) -> List[str]:
 
 
 async def deliver_json_messages(
-    sender,
+    bridge,
     messages,
     target_macs,
     devices_model,
@@ -224,17 +122,27 @@ async def deliver_json_messages(
     Deliver v1 JSON to drivers. Default: ESP-NOW broadcast (``ff:ff:…``); drivers
   filter on ``groups`` in the body. Set ``unicast=True`` only for per-device settings
     or single-device identify.
+
+    Uses the current bridge connection only (per-group bridge assignment is disabled).
     """
     del devices_model
-    deliveries = 0
+    from models.transport import get_current_bridge
+
+    active = get_current_bridge() or bridge
+    if active is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Transport not configured")
+
     if unicast and target_macs:
         mac_keys = _unicast_mac_keys(target_macs)
     else:
         mac_keys = [BROADCAST_MAC]
+
+    deliveries = 0
     for mac_key in mac_keys:
         for msg in messages:
             body = _body_from_message(msg)
             if not body:
                 continue
-            deliveries += await _deliver_v1_body(sender, mac_key, body, delay_s)
+            deliveries += await _deliver_v1_body(active, mac_key, body, delay_s)
+
     return deliveries, len(messages)
diff --git a/src/util/espnow_message.py b/src/util/espnow_message.py
index 7b22847..549ab62 100644
--- a/src/util/espnow_message.py
+++ b/src/util/espnow_message.py
@@ -55,24 +55,6 @@ def build_message(presets=None, select=None, save=False, default=None):
     return json.dumps(message)
 
 
-def build_select_list(preset_name, step=None):
-    """
-    Build a select list for one driver (unicast / per-MAC envelope).
-
-    Wire shape: ``["preset_id"]`` or ``["preset_id", step]`` — no device name.
-    """
-    select_list = [str(preset_name)]
-    if step is not None:
-        select_list.append(step)
-    return select_list
-
-
-def build_select_message(device_name, preset_name, step=None):
-    """Legacy name-map select; prefer :func:`build_select_list` for ESP-NOW."""
-    del device_name
-    return build_select_list(preset_name, step=step)
-
-
 def _hex_from_background_raw(bg_raw):
     """Coerce ``background`` / ``bg`` field to a ``#RRGGBB`` string (driver wire format)."""
     if isinstance(bg_raw, str):
@@ -233,30 +215,3 @@ def build_presets_dict(presets_data, palette_colors=None):
     for preset_name, preset_data in presets_data.items():
         result[preset_name] = build_preset_dict(preset_data, palette_colors)
     return result
-
-
-def build_select_dict(device_preset_mapping, step_mapping=None):
-    """
-    Build a select dictionary mapping device names to select lists.
-    
-    Args:
-        device_preset_mapping: Dictionary mapping device names to preset names
-        step_mapping: Optional dictionary mapping device names to step values
-        
-    Returns:
-        Dictionary with select field ready to use in build_message
-        
-    Example:
-        select = build_select_dict(
-            {"device1": "rainbow_preset", "device2": "pulse_preset"},
-            step_mapping={"device1": 10}
-        )
-        message = build_message(select=select)
-    """
-    select = {}
-    for device_name, preset_name in device_preset_mapping.items():
-        select_list = [preset_name]
-        if step_mapping and device_name in step_mapping:
-            select_list.append(step_mapping[device_name])
-        select[device_name] = select_list
-    return select
diff --git a/src/util/espnow_ping.py b/src/util/espnow_ping.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..332a960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/espnow_ping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""ESP-NOW broadcast ping: collect PING_RSP from drivers."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import secrets
+import time
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+from models.device import Device
+from models.transport import get_current_bridge
+from util.espnow_wire import pack_ping_req, parse_ping_rsp
+
+_active: Dict[int, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+
+
+def register_device_from_ping(peer_mac: bytes, name: str) -> bool:
+    """Add or update registry entry from a PING_RSP (drivers may not have sent ANNOUNCE yet)."""
+    if not peer_mac or len(peer_mac) != 6:
+        return False
+    mac_hex = peer_mac.hex()
+    label = (name or "").strip() or f"led-{mac_hex}"
+    did, persisted = Device().upsert_espnow_announced(mac_hex, label)
+    if did and persisted:
+        print(f"[espnow] registered mac={did} name={label!r} (ping)")
+    return bool(persisted)
+
+
+def record_ping_rsp(peer_mac: bytes, packet: bytes) -> None:
+    info = parse_ping_rsp(packet)
+    if info is None:
+        return
+    session = _active.get(info["ping_id"])
+    if session is None:
+        return
+    mac_hex = peer_mac.hex()
+    session["responses"][mac_hex] = {
+        "mac": mac_hex,
+        "name": info["name"],
+        "rtt_ms": int((time.monotonic() - session["sent_at"]) * 1000),
+    }
+    if register_device_from_ping(peer_mac, info["name"]):
+        session["registered"] = int(session.get("registered", 0)) + 1
+
+
+async def run_ping(*, timeout_s: float = 3.0) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Broadcast PING_REQ and collect PING_RSP until ``timeout_s``.
+
+    Returns ``{ok, ping_id, timeout_s, responses}``; ``responses`` maps MAC hex to
+    ``{mac, name, rtt_ms}``.
+    """
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if bridge is None:
+        return {"ok": False, "error": "Transport not configured", "responses": {}}
+
+    ping_id = secrets.randbits(32) or 1
+    session: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        "responses": {},
+        "sent_at": time.monotonic(),
+        "registered": 0,
+    }
+    _active[ping_id] = session
+    pkt = pack_ping_req(ping_id)
+    ok = await bridge.send(pkt)
+    if not ok:
+        _active.pop(ping_id, None)
+        return {
+            "ok": False,
+            "error": "Send failed",
+            "ping_id": ping_id,
+            "responses": {},
+        }
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(timeout_s)
+    responses = dict(session["responses"])
+    registered = int(session.get("registered", 0))
+    _active.pop(ping_id, None)
+
+    return {
+        "ok": True,
+        "ping_id": ping_id,
+        "timeout_s": timeout_s,
+        "responses": responses,
+        "registered": registered,
+    }
diff --git a/src/util/espnow_registry.py b/src/util/espnow_registry.py
index 9c35ca1..24ce780 100644
--- a/src/util/espnow_registry.py
+++ b/src/util/espnow_registry.py
@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 from models.device import Device, normalize_mac  # noqa: F401 — re-export for callers
 from models.group import Group
-from models.transport import get_current_sender
+from models.transport import get_current_bridge
 from util.bridge_envelope import build_groups_envelope
+from util.espnow_ping import record_ping_rsp
 from util.espnow_wire import (
     MSG_ANNOUNCE,
+    MSG_PING_RSP,
     WIRE_MAGIC,
     mac_bytes_to_hex,
     parse_announce,
@@ -24,8 +26,11 @@ async def handle_bridge_uplink(peer_mac: bytes, payload: bytes) -> None:
     if not payload:
         return
     if payload[0] == WIRE_MAGIC:
-        if wire_msg_type(payload) == MSG_ANNOUNCE:
+        mt = wire_msg_type(payload)
+        if mt == MSG_ANNOUNCE:
             await handle_espnow_announce(peer_mac, payload)
+        elif mt == MSG_PING_RSP:
+            record_ping_rsp(peer_mac, payload)
         return
     if payload[:1] == b"{":
         try:
@@ -128,17 +133,47 @@ async def push_groups_broadcast() -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+async def push_groups_all_espnow_devices() -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Push ``set_groups`` envelopes to every ESP-NOW device in the registry."""
+    devices_model = Device()
+    macs: list[str] = []
+    skipped = 0
+    for did, doc in devices_model.items():
+        if str(doc.get("transport") or "espnow").strip().lower() != "espnow":
+            continue
+        mac = normalize_mac(str(did)) or normalize_mac(str(doc.get("address") or ""))
+        if not mac:
+            skipped += 1
+            continue
+        macs.append(mac)
+    sent = 0
+    failed = 0
+    for mac in macs:
+        if await push_groups_to_mac(mac):
+            sent += 1
+        else:
+            failed += 1
+    ok = bool(macs) and failed == 0
+    return {
+        "ok": ok,
+        "sent": sent,
+        "failed": failed,
+        "skipped": skipped,
+        "total": len(macs),
+    }
+
+
 async def push_groups_to_mac(mac_hex: str) -> bool:
     """Unicast groups envelope to one driver (set_groups true)."""
     mac = normalize_mac(mac_hex)
     if not mac:
         return False
     gids = groups_for_mac(mac, Group())
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if sender is None:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if bridge is None:
         return False
     envelope = build_groups_envelope(mac, gids)
-    ok = await sender.send(envelope)
+    ok = await bridge.send(envelope)
     if ok:
         print(f"[espnow] groups sent mac={mac} groups={gids!r}")
     return bool(ok)
diff --git a/src/util/espnow_wire.py b/src/util/espnow_wire.py
index e6436ad..4351ed4 100644
--- a/src/util/espnow_wire.py
+++ b/src/util/espnow_wire.py
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ MSG_ANNOUNCE = 0x01
 MSG_GROUPS = 0x02
 MSG_CMD = 0x03
 MSG_GROUP_CMD = 0x04
+MSG_PING_REQ = 0x05
+MSG_PING_RSP = 0x06
 MSG_BRIDGE_CH = 0x10
 
 BROADCAST_MAC = bytes.fromhex("ffffffffffff")
@@ -238,6 +240,49 @@ def parse_group_cmd(payload: bytes) -> Optional[Tuple[str, bytes]]:
     return gid, bytes(env)
 
 
+def pack_ping_req(ping_id: int) -> bytes:
+    body = struct.pack("<I", int(ping_id) & 0xFFFFFFFF)
+    return _pack_header(MSG_PING_REQ, body)
+
+
+def parse_ping_req(payload: bytes) -> Optional[int]:
+    """Return ping_id from a PING_REQ packet or body."""
+    if len(payload) >= 2 and payload[0] == WIRE_MAGIC:
+        if payload[1] != MSG_PING_REQ:
+            return None
+        body = payload[2:]
+    else:
+        body = payload
+    if len(body) < 4:
+        return None
+    return int(struct.unpack_from("<I", body, 0)[0])
+
+
+def pack_ping_rsp(ping_id: int, name: str) -> bytes:
+    name_b = name.encode("utf-8")
+    if len(name_b) > 250:
+        raise ValueError("name too long")
+    body = struct.pack("<I", int(ping_id) & 0xFFFFFFFF) + bytes([len(name_b)]) + name_b
+    return _pack_header(MSG_PING_RSP, body)
+
+
+def parse_ping_rsp(payload: bytes) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    if len(payload) >= 2 and payload[0] == WIRE_MAGIC:
+        if payload[1] != MSG_PING_RSP:
+            return None
+        body = payload[2:]
+    else:
+        body = payload
+    if len(body) < 5:
+        return None
+    ping_id = int(struct.unpack_from("<I", body, 0)[0])
+    nl = body[4]
+    if len(body) < 5 + nl:
+        return None
+    name = body[5 : 5 + nl].decode("utf-8")
+    return {"ping_id": ping_id, "name": name}
+
+
 def pack_bridge_channel(channel: int) -> bytes:
     ch = max(1, min(11, int(channel)))
     return _pack_header(MSG_BRIDGE_CH, bytes([ch]))
diff --git a/src/util/pi_wifi.py b/src/util/pi_wifi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b0e8b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/pi_wifi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+"""Pi Wi‑Fi helpers via NetworkManager (nmcli)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+import shutil
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+
+def nmcli_available() -> bool:
+    return shutil.which("nmcli") is not None
+
+
+async def _run_nmcli(*args: str, timeout_s: float = 30.0) -> tuple[int, str, str]:
+    proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+        "nmcli",
+        *args,
+        stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+    )
+    try:
+        stdout_b, stderr_b = await asyncio.wait_for(proc.communicate(), timeout=timeout_s)
+    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+        proc.kill()
+        raise RuntimeError("nmcli timed out")
+    stdout = (stdout_b or b"").decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+    stderr = (stderr_b or b"").decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+    return proc.returncode or 0, stdout, stderr
+
+
+def _unescape_nmcli(value: str) -> str:
+    return str(value or "").replace("\\:", ":").replace("\\\\", "\\")
+
+
+def _interface_display_name(device: str) -> str:
+    """Human-readable label for a network interface (USB model, path name, etc.)."""
+    dev = str(device or "").strip()
+    if not dev:
+        return ""
+    sysfs = f"/sys/class/net/{dev}"
+    try:
+        import subprocess
+
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            ["udevadm", "info", "-q", "property", "-p", sysfs],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            timeout=5,
+            check=False,
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        return dev
+    props: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    for line in (result.stdout or "").splitlines():
+        if "=" not in line:
+            continue
+        key, value = line.split("=", 1)
+        props[key] = value.strip()
+    for key in (
+        "ID_MODEL_FROM_DATABASE",
+        "ID_MODEL_ENC",
+        "ID_USB_MODEL_ENC",
+        "ID_NET_NAME_PATH",
+    ):
+        value = props.get(key, "")
+        if value and value.lower() not in ("n/a", "na"):
+            return value
+    vendor = props.get("ID_VENDOR_FROM_DATABASE") or props.get("ID_VENDOR_ENC") or ""
+    model = props.get("ID_MODEL_ENC") or props.get("ID_USB_MODEL_ENC") or ""
+    label = f"{vendor} {model}".strip()
+    return label or dev
+
+
+def list_wifi_interfaces() -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+    if not nmcli_available():
+        return []
+    import subprocess
+
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["nmcli", "-t", "-f", "DEVICE,TYPE,STATE,CONNECTION", "device", "status"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=15,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    out: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+    for line in (result.stdout or "").splitlines():
+        parts = line.split(":")
+        if len(parts) < 3:
+            continue
+        device, dtype = parts[0], parts[1]
+        if dtype != "wifi":
+            continue
+        connection = _unescape_nmcli(parts[-1]) if len(parts) >= 4 else ""
+        state = _unescape_nmcli(":".join(parts[2:-1] if len(parts) >= 4 else parts[2:]))
+        label = _interface_display_name(device)
+        out.append(
+            {
+                "device": device,
+                "type": dtype,
+                "state": state,
+                "connection": connection,
+                "label": label,
+            }
+        )
+    return out
+
+
+async def scan_wifi(device: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    if not device:
+        raise ValueError("device is required")
+    code, stdout, stderr = await _run_nmcli(
+        "-t",
+        "-f",
+        "SSID,SIGNAL,SECURITY",
+        "device",
+        "wifi",
+        "list",
+        "ifname",
+        device,
+        timeout_s=45.0,
+    )
+    if code != 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(stderr.strip() or stdout.strip() or "wifi scan failed")
+    networks: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    for line in stdout.splitlines():
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line:
+            continue
+        parts = line.split(":")
+        if len(parts) < 2:
+            continue
+        security = _unescape_nmcli(parts[-1])
+        try:
+            signal = int(parts[-2])
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            continue
+        ssid = _unescape_nmcli(":".join(parts[:-2]))
+        if not ssid or ssid in seen:
+            continue
+        seen.add(ssid)
+        networks.append({"ssid": ssid, "signal": signal, "security": security})
+    networks.sort(key=lambda n: n.get("signal", 0), reverse=True)
+    return networks
+
+
+async def rescan_wifi(device: str) -> None:
+    if not device:
+        raise ValueError("device is required")
+    code, stdout, stderr = await _run_nmcli(
+        "device",
+        "wifi",
+        "rescan",
+        "ifname",
+        device,
+        timeout_s=30.0,
+    )
+    if code != 0:
+        msg = stderr.strip() or stdout.strip() or "wifi rescan failed"
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+
+async def ssid_visible(device: str, ssid: str) -> bool:
+    target = str(ssid or "").strip()
+    if not target:
+        return False
+    for net in await scan_wifi(device):
+        if str(net.get("ssid") or "") == target:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+async def connect_wifi(
+    *,
+    device: str,
+    ssid: str,
+    password: Optional[str] = None,
+    rescan: bool = True,
+) -> None:
+    ssid = str(ssid or "").strip()
+    if not ssid:
+        raise ValueError("ssid is required")
+    if not device:
+        raise ValueError("device is required")
+    if rescan:
+        await rescan_wifi(device)
+    args = ["device", "wifi", "connect", ssid, "ifname", device]
+    pw = str(password or "").strip()
+    if pw:
+        args.extend(["password", pw])
+    code, stdout, stderr = await _run_nmcli(*args, timeout_s=60.0)
+    if code != 0:
+        msg = stderr.strip() or stdout.strip() or "connect failed"
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+
+async def wait_for_device(device: str, *, timeout_s: float = 25.0) -> str:
+    """Return connection state string for ``device``."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    deadline = loop.time() + timeout_s
+    while loop.time() < deadline:
+        code, stdout, _stderr = await _run_nmcli(
+            "-t",
+            "-f",
+            "DEVICE,STATE",
+            "device",
+            timeout_s=10.0,
+        )
+        if code == 0:
+            for line in stdout.splitlines():
+                parts = line.split(":")
+                if len(parts) >= 2 and parts[0] == device:
+                    state = parts[1]
+                    if state in ("connected", "connected (local)"):
+                        return state
+        await asyncio.sleep(1.0)
+    raise RuntimeError(f"{device} did not connect within {int(timeout_s)}s")
+
+
+def build_bridge_ws_url(ap_ip: str, ws_port: int = 80) -> str:
+    ip = str(ap_ip or "192.168.4.1").strip()
+    if not re.match(r"^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}$", ip):
+        raise ValueError("invalid ap_ip")
+    port = int(ws_port)
+    if port < 1 or port > 65535:
+        raise ValueError("invalid ws_port")
+    return f"ws://{ip}:{port}/ws"
diff --git a/src/util/pulse_audio_devices.py b/src/util/pulse_audio_devices.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0451931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/pulse_audio_devices.py
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+"""Enumerate capture sources the way PulseAudio / PipeWire presents them (pavucontrol)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+# Pulse virtual / null sources — not shown in pavucontrol's input list.
+_SKIP_PULSE_NAMES = frozenset(
+    {
+        "auto_null",
+        "null",
+        "echo-cancel-source",
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _pactl_bin() -> str:
+    for path in ("/usr/bin/pactl", "/bin/pactl"):
+        if os.path.isfile(path) and os.access(path, os.X_OK):
+            return path
+    return "pactl"
+
+
+def _pactl_ok(args: List[str]) -> bool:
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            [_pactl_bin(), *args],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            timeout=5,
+            check=False,
+            env=os.environ.copy(),
+        )
+    except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError):
+        return False
+    return proc.returncode == 0
+
+
+def _run_pactl(args: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            [_pactl_bin(), *args],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            timeout=5,
+            check=False,
+            env=os.environ.copy(),
+        )
+    except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError):
+        return None
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        return None
+    return proc.stdout
+
+
+def _parse_pactl_sources_short(text: str) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+    """``pactl list sources short`` — tab-separated name per line."""
+    sources: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line or line.lower().startswith("source"):
+            continue
+        parts = re.split(r"\s+", line, maxsplit=4)
+        if len(parts) < 2:
+            continue
+        name = parts[1].strip()
+        if not name or name in _SKIP_PULSE_NAMES:
+            continue
+        sources.append({"name": name, "description": name})
+    return sources
+
+
+def _parse_pactl_sources(text: str) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+    sources: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+    block: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    for raw in text.splitlines():
+        line = raw.strip()
+        if line.startswith("Source #"):
+            if block.get("name"):
+                sources.append(block)
+            block = {}
+            continue
+        if not line or ":" not in line:
+            continue
+        key, val = line.split(":", 1)
+        key = key.strip().lower()
+        val = val.strip()
+        if key == "name":
+            block["name"] = val
+        elif key == "description":
+            block["description"] = val
+        elif key == "state":
+            block["state"] = val
+    if block.get("name"):
+        sources.append(block)
+    return sources
+
+
+def _default_pulse_source_name() -> Optional[str]:
+    out = _run_pactl(["get-default-source"])
+    if not out:
+        return None
+    name = out.strip()
+    return name or None
+
+
+def _name_tokens(*parts: str) -> set:
+    stop = frozenset(
+        {
+            "alsa",
+            "input",
+            "output",
+            "monitor",
+            "usb",
+            "device",
+            "mono",
+            "stereo",
+            "analog",
+            "digital",
+            "audio",
+            "source",
+            "sink",
+            "pipewire",
+            "pulse",
+            "default",
+            "hw",
+            "facade",
+            "capture",
+            "playback",
+        }
+    )
+    tokens: set = set()
+    for part in parts:
+        raw = part.lower().replace(".", " ").replace("-", " ").replace("_", " ")
+        for tok in re.findall(r"[a-z0-9]+", raw):
+            if len(tok) >= 2 and tok not in stop:
+                tokens.add(tok)
+    return tokens
+
+
+def _match_sounddevice_index(description: str, pulse_name: str) -> Optional[int]:
+    try:
+        import sounddevice as sd
+    except ImportError:
+        return None
+
+    devices = sd.query_devices()
+    desc_l = description.lower()
+    pulse_l = pulse_name.lower()
+    pulse_tokens = _name_tokens(pulse_name, description)
+    best: Optional[int] = None
+    best_score = 0
+    for idx, dev in enumerate(devices):
+        chans = int(dev.get("max_input_channels", 0))
+        sd_name = str(dev.get("name", ""))
+        sd_l = sd_name.lower()
+        if chans <= 0 and "monitor" not in sd_l:
+            continue
+        score = 0
+        if sd_name == description:
+            score = 100
+        elif desc_l == sd_l:
+            score = 95
+        elif desc_l in sd_l or sd_l in desc_l:
+            score = 80
+        elif pulse_l in sd_l or sd_l in pulse_l:
+            score = 60
+        else:
+            desc_tokens = _name_tokens(description, sd_name)
+            overlap = pulse_tokens & desc_tokens
+            if len(overlap) >= 1:
+                score = 35 + 15 * len(overlap)
+            if score < 50 and "monitor" in desc_l and "monitor" in sd_l:
+                desc_tail = desc_l.replace("monitor of", "").strip()
+                if desc_tail and desc_tail in sd_l:
+                    score = max(score, 55)
+        if score > best_score:
+            best_score = score
+            best = idx
+    return best if best_score >= 35 else None
+
+
+def _looks_like_pulse_source_name(text: str) -> bool:
+    t = text.strip().lower()
+    return (
+        t.startswith("alsa_")
+        or t.startswith("pulse_")
+        or ".monitor" in t
+        or "monitor_of" in t.replace("-", "_")
+    )
+
+
+def _sounddevice_index_via_pulse_default(pulse_name: str) -> Optional[int]:
+    """Set Pulse default source, then open sounddevice's default input index."""
+    if not pulse_name or not _pactl_ok(["set-default-source", pulse_name]):
+        return None
+    try:
+        import sounddevice as sd
+
+        idx = int(sd.default.device[0])
+        if idx >= 0:
+            return idx
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, ImportError):
+        pass
+    return None
+
+
+def resolve_capture_device(device: Any) -> Any:
+    """
+    Return a sounddevice input index (int) or None for host default.
+    Accepts int index, numeric string, Pulse source name, or friendly description.
+    """
+    if device is None or device == "":
+        return None
+    if isinstance(device, int):
+        return device
+    text = str(device).strip()
+    if not text:
+        return None
+    try:
+        return int(text)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        pass
+    if _looks_like_pulse_source_name(text):
+        # Prefer pactl default — works when PortAudio names do not match Pulse ids.
+        idx = _sounddevice_index_via_pulse_default(text)
+        if idx is not None:
+            return idx
+        idx = _match_sounddevice_index(text, text)
+        if idx is None:
+            for src in list_pulse_matched_input_devices():
+                pn = str(src.get("pulse_name") or "")
+                if pn == text or pn.startswith(text) or text.startswith(pn):
+                    pid = src.get("id")
+                    if isinstance(pid, int):
+                        return pid
+                    desc = str(src.get("name") or src.get("display_name") or "")
+                    idx = _match_sounddevice_index(desc, pn or text)
+                    if idx is not None:
+                        return idx
+        if idx is not None:
+            return idx
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"No PortAudio capture device for Pulse source {text!r}. "
+            "Try System default input, or set this source as default in PulseAudio first."
+        )
+    idx = _match_sounddevice_index(text, text)
+    if idx is not None:
+        return idx
+    raise RuntimeError(f"No input device matching {text!r}")
+
+
+def _enrich_pulse_descriptions(sources: List[Dict[str, str]]) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+    """Merge Description fields from ``pactl list sources`` when available."""
+    text = _run_pactl(["list", "sources"])
+    if not text:
+        return sources
+    by_name = {s.get("name", ""): s for s in _parse_pactl_sources(text)}
+    out: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+    for src in sources:
+        name = src.get("name", "")
+        full = by_name.get(name) or {}
+        desc = full.get("description") or src.get("description") or name
+        merged = dict(src)
+        merged["description"] = desc
+        out.append(merged)
+    return out
+
+
+def list_pulse_matched_input_devices() -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    """
+    Sources from ``pactl list sources``, matched to sounddevice indices when possible.
+    Returns [] if pactl is unavailable or yields no usable sources.
+    """
+    short = _run_pactl(["list", "sources", "short"])
+    raw_sources: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
+    if short:
+        raw_sources = _parse_pactl_sources_short(short)
+    if not raw_sources:
+        text = _run_pactl(["list", "sources"])
+        if text:
+            raw_sources = _parse_pactl_sources(text)
+    if not raw_sources:
+        return []
+    raw_sources = _enrich_pulse_descriptions(raw_sources)
+    default_name = _default_pulse_source_name()
+    out: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for src in raw_sources:
+        pulse_name = src.get("name", "")
+        description = src.get("description") or pulse_name
+        if not pulse_name or pulse_name in _SKIP_PULSE_NAMES:
+            continue
+        if description.lower() in ("null", "auto_null"):
+            continue
+        desc_l = description.lower()
+        is_monitor = desc_l.startswith("monitor of") or ".monitor" in pulse_name.lower()
+        # Pulse source name is stable across refreshes; sounddevice index is not.
+        device_id: Any = pulse_name
+        sd_idx = _match_sounddevice_index(description, pulse_name)
+        is_default = default_name is not None and pulse_name == default_name
+        display_name = description
+        if is_default and "(default)" not in display_name.lower():
+            display_name = f"{display_name} (default)"
+        label = f"{description} [{pulse_name}]"
+        if sd_idx is not None:
+            label = f"[{sd_idx}] {label}"
+        out.append(
+            {
+                "id": device_id,
+                "name": description,
+                "display_name": display_name,
+                "label": label,
+                "pulse_name": pulse_name,
+                "sounddevice_index": sd_idx,
+                "is_monitor": is_monitor,
+                "is_default": is_default,
+                "hostapi": "PulseAudio",
+            }
+        )
+    if not out:
+        return []
+    out.sort(
+        key=lambda d: (
+            0 if d.get("is_monitor") else 1,
+            str(d.get("display_name") or "").lower(),
+        )
+    )
+    return out
diff --git a/src/util/sequence_playback.py b/src/util/sequence_playback.py
index f42504b..311ff93 100644
--- a/src/util/sequence_playback.py
+++ b/src/util/sequence_playback.py
@@ -422,45 +422,58 @@ def _build_lane_wire_presets_map(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[s
     return inner_by_wire
 
 
-async def _prime_lane(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-    """Upload all lane presets and select step 0 in one message (driver applies presets before select)."""
-    from models.transport import get_current_sender
-    from util.beat_driver_route import (
-        clear_sequence_manual_lane_route,
-        mark_sequence_manual_lane_select_sent,
-        set_sequence_manual_lane_route,
-    )
-    from util.driver_delivery import deliver_json_messages
+def _build_lane_step0_wire_presets_map(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Step-0 preset wire body only (one entry in ``presets``)."""
+    lanes: List[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = ctx["lanes"]
+    presets_map: Dict[str, Any] = ctx["presets_map"]
+    palette_colors: List[Any] = ctx["palette_colors"]
+    lane = lanes[lane_index] if 0 <= lane_index < len(lanes) else []
+    if not lane:
+        return {}
+    step0 = lane[0]
+    preset_id = str(step0.get("preset_id") or "").strip()
+    if not preset_id:
+        return {}
+    disp = _display_preset_for_step(preset_id, presets_map, palette_colors)
+    if not disp:
+        return {}
+    return {preset_id: _preset_inner_from_display_preset(disp)}
 
+
+def _build_lane_rest_wire_presets_map(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Preset wire bodies for steps 1..n (unique ids, excluding step-0 preset)."""
+    lanes: List[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = ctx["lanes"]
+    lane = lanes[lane_index] if 0 <= lane_index < len(lanes) else []
+    if not lane:
+        return {}
+    step0_pid = str(lane[0].get("preset_id") or "").strip()
+    full = _build_lane_wire_presets_map(lane_index, ctx)
+    if not step0_pid:
+        return full
+    return {k: v for k, v in full.items() if k != step0_pid}
+
+
+def _prime_lane_step0_context(
+    lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]
+) -> Optional[Tuple[Any, List[str], List[str], str, bool]]:
+    """Shared step-0 data for priming phases; None when lane has nothing to send."""
     lanes: List[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = ctx["lanes"]
     presets_map: Dict[str, Any] = ctx["presets_map"]
     palette_colors: List[Any] = ctx["palette_colors"]
     lane_steps = lanes[lane_index] if 0 <= lane_index < len(lanes) else []
     if not lane_steps:
-        return
-
-    inner_by_wire = _build_lane_wire_presets_map(lane_index, ctx)
-    if not inner_by_wire:
-        return
-
+        return None
     step0 = lane_steps[0]
     preset_id = str(step0.get("preset_id") or "").strip()
     if not preset_id:
-        return
+        return None
     display_preset = _display_preset_for_step(preset_id, presets_map, palette_colors)
     if not display_preset:
-        return
-
+        return None
     device_names = _resolve_lane_device_names(lane_index, ctx)
     if not device_names:
-        return
-
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
-        raise RuntimeError("Transport not configured")
-
+        return None
     zone_doc = ctx.get("zone_doc") if isinstance(ctx.get("zone_doc"), dict) else {}
-    devices_model = ctx["devices"]
     num_lanes = int(ctx["num_lanes"])
     sequence_doc = ctx["sequence_doc"]
     gids = _group_ids_for_lane_step(
@@ -472,15 +485,128 @@ async def _prime_lane(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
             gids = [str(g).strip() for g in zg if str(g).strip()]
     wire = str(preset_id)
     auto = _coerce_auto(display_preset)
-    delay_s = 0.05
-    body: Dict[str, Any] = {"v": "1", "presets": dict(inner_by_wire)}
-    if gids:
-        body["groups"] = list(gids)
-    if auto:
-        body["select"] = [wire]
-    msg = json.dumps(body, separators=(",", ":"))
-    await deliver_json_messages(sender, [msg], None, devices_model, delay_s=delay_s)
+    return display_preset, device_names, gids, wire, auto
 
+
+_SEQUENCE_PRIME_DELAY_S = 0.0
+
+
+def _gids_key(gids: List[str]) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+    return tuple(sorted(str(g).strip() for g in gids if str(g).strip()))
+
+
+async def _deliver_presets_body(
+    ctx: Dict[str, Any],
+    inner_by_wire: Dict[str, Any],
+    gids: List[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Broadcast preset bodies (no select); drivers filter on ``groups`` when set."""
+    if not inner_by_wire:
+        return
+    from models.transport import get_current_bridge
+    from util.driver_delivery import deliver_json_messages
+
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
+        raise RuntimeError("Transport not configured")
+    body: Dict[str, Any] = {"v": "1", "presets": dict(inner_by_wire)}
+    gids_key = _gids_key(gids)
+    if gids_key:
+        body["groups"] = list(gids_key)
+    msg = json.dumps(body, separators=(",", ":"))
+    await deliver_json_messages(
+        bridge, [msg], None, ctx["devices"], delay_s=_SEQUENCE_PRIME_DELAY_S
+    )
+
+
+def _merge_lane_wire_presets_by_gids(
+    ctx: Dict[str, Any],
+    build_map,
+) -> Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Merge per-lane preset maps that share the same group-id set (one broadcast each)."""
+    merged: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    for i in range(int(ctx["num_lanes"])):
+        inner = build_map(i, ctx)
+        if not inner:
+            continue
+        primed = _prime_lane_step0_context(i, ctx)
+        if not primed:
+            continue
+        _, _, gids, _, _ = primed
+        key = _gids_key(gids)
+        merged.setdefault(key, {}).update(inner)
+    return merged
+
+
+async def _deliver_merged_presets_by_gids(
+    ctx: Dict[str, Any],
+    merged: Dict[Tuple[str, ...], Dict[str, Any]],
+) -> None:
+    for key, inner in merged.items():
+        await _deliver_presets_body(ctx, inner, list(key))
+
+
+async def _deliver_lane_presets_map(
+    lane_index: int,
+    ctx: Dict[str, Any],
+    inner_by_wire: Dict[str, Any],
+) -> None:
+    """Upload a ``presets`` map for one lane (no select in the same message)."""
+    if not inner_by_wire:
+        return
+    primed = _prime_lane_step0_context(lane_index, ctx)
+    if not primed:
+        return
+    _display_preset, _device_names, gids, _wire, _auto = primed
+    await _deliver_presets_body(ctx, inner_by_wire, gids)
+
+
+async def _prime_lane_step0_presets(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """Phase 1: step-0 preset body only for one lane."""
+    inner = _build_lane_step0_wire_presets_map(lane_index, ctx)
+    await _deliver_lane_presets_map(lane_index, ctx, inner)
+
+
+async def _prime_lane_rest_presets(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """Phase 4: remaining lane preset bodies (steps 1..n, not step 0)."""
+    inner = _build_lane_rest_wire_presets_map(lane_index, ctx)
+    await _deliver_lane_presets_map(lane_index, ctx, inner)
+
+
+async def _prime_lane_select(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """Phase 2: select step 0 for one lane (separate message from presets)."""
+    from models.transport import get_current_bridge
+    from util.driver_delivery import deliver_json_messages
+
+    primed = _prime_lane_step0_context(lane_index, ctx)
+    if not primed:
+        return
+    _display_preset, _device_names, gids, wire, _auto = primed
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
+        raise RuntimeError("Transport not configured")
+    body: Dict[str, Any] = {"v": "1", "select": [wire]}
+    gids_key = _gids_key(gids)
+    if gids_key:
+        body["groups"] = list(gids_key)
+    msg = json.dumps(body, separators=(",", ":"))
+    await deliver_json_messages(
+        bridge, [msg], None, ctx["devices"], delay_s=_SEQUENCE_PRIME_DELAY_S
+    )
+
+
+def _prime_lane_after_select(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """After select: manual beat-route registration for one lane."""
+    from util.beat_driver_route import (
+        clear_sequence_manual_lane_route,
+        mark_sequence_manual_lane_select_sent,
+        set_sequence_manual_lane_route,
+    )
+
+    primed = _prime_lane_step0_context(lane_index, ctx)
+    if not primed:
+        return
+    display_preset, device_names, gids, wire, auto = primed
     if auto:
         clear_sequence_manual_lane_route(lane_index)
     else:
@@ -491,10 +617,33 @@ async def _prime_lane(lane_index: int, ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         mark_sequence_manual_lane_select_sent(lane_index)
 
 
+def _reset_after_sequence_change() -> None:
+    """After sequence priming: zero beat-route strides and reset live audio tracking."""
+    from util.beat_driver_route import reset_manual_lane_strides
+
+    reset_manual_lane_strides()
+    try:
+        from util import audio_detector as ad_mod
+
+        det = getattr(ad_mod, "_shared_beat_detector", None)
+        if det is not None:
+            det.reset_tracking()
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
 async def _prime_all_lanes(ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-    """One-shot preset upload + first-step select per lane (to each lane's groups)."""
-    for i in range(int(ctx["num_lanes"])):
-        await _prime_lane(i, ctx)
+    """Sequence start: step-0 presets, select, rest presets, then beat/route reset."""
+    num_lanes = int(ctx["num_lanes"])
+    step0 = _merge_lane_wire_presets_by_gids(ctx, _build_lane_step0_wire_presets_map)
+    await _deliver_merged_presets_by_gids(ctx, step0)
+    for i in range(num_lanes):
+        await _prime_lane_select(i, ctx)
+    for i in range(num_lanes):
+        _prime_lane_after_select(i, ctx)
+    rest = _merge_lane_wire_presets_by_gids(ctx, _build_lane_rest_wire_presets_map)
+    await _deliver_merged_presets_by_gids(ctx, rest)
+    _reset_after_sequence_change()
     ctx["_presets_delivered"] = True
     ctx["_sequence_primed"] = True
 
@@ -516,12 +665,12 @@ def _parse_zone_brightness_value(zone_doc: Any) -> int:
 
 async def _deliver_zone_brightness_for_sequence(ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     """Apply zone/global/group/device brightness like the zone slider (not inside preset ``b``)."""
-    from models.transport import get_current_sender
+    from models.transport import get_current_bridge
     from util.brightness_combine import effective_brightness_for_mac
     from util.driver_delivery import deliver_json_messages
 
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return
     macs = _union_macs_for_sequence(ctx)
     if not macs:
@@ -541,7 +690,7 @@ async def _deliver_zone_brightness_for_sequence(ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         )
         msg = json.dumps({"v": "1", "b": eff, "save": True}, separators=(",", ":"))
         await deliver_json_messages(
-            sender, [msg], [mac], devices_model, delay_s=0.05, unicast=True
+            bridge, [msg], [mac], devices_model, delay_s=0.05, unicast=True
         )
 
 
@@ -696,7 +845,7 @@ async def _send_lane(
     if gids and not device_names:
         return
 
-    from models.transport import get_current_sender
+    from models.transport import get_current_bridge
     from util.beat_driver_route import (
         clear_sequence_manual_lane_route,
         mark_sequence_manual_lane_select_sent,
@@ -704,8 +853,8 @@ async def _send_lane(
     )
     from util.driver_delivery import deliver_json_messages
 
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         raise RuntimeError("Transport not configured")
 
     if not device_names and not gids:
@@ -713,19 +862,31 @@ async def _send_lane(
 
     wire = str(preset_id)
     auto = _coerce_auto(display_preset)
+    # On sequence step changes, push only the preset we are switching to.
+    prev_wire = str(st.get("_last_wire") or "")
+    if wire != prev_wire:
+        preset_body: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "v": "1",
+            "presets": {wire: _preset_inner_from_display_preset(display_preset)},
+        }
+        if gids:
+            preset_body["groups"] = [str(g) for g in gids]
+        preset_msg = json.dumps(preset_body, separators=(",", ":"))
+        await deliver_json_messages(bridge, [preset_msg], None, devices, delay_s=0.05)
+        st["_last_wire"] = wire
     body: Dict[str, Any] = {"v": "1", "select": [wire]}
     if gids:
         body["groups"] = [str(g) for g in gids]
     msg = json.dumps(body, separators=(",", ":"))
     if auto:
         clear_sequence_manual_lane_route(lane_index)
-        await deliver_json_messages(sender, [msg], None, devices, delay_s=0.05)
+        await deliver_json_messages(bridge, [msg], None, devices, delay_s=0.05)
     else:
         inner = _preset_inner_from_display_preset(display_preset)
         set_sequence_manual_lane_route(
             lane_index, device_names, wire, inner, group_ids=gids or None
         )
-        await deliver_json_messages(sender, [msg], None, devices, delay_s=0.05)
+        await deliver_json_messages(bridge, [msg], None, devices, delay_s=0.05)
         mark_sequence_manual_lane_select_sent(lane_index)
 
 
@@ -772,12 +933,6 @@ def _build_ctx(
     }
 
 
-def playback_active() -> bool:
-    """True while a zone sequence run is active (step timing owned by ``process_active_beat_advance``)."""
-    with _beat_run_lock:
-        return _beat_run is not None
-
-
 def playback_status() -> Dict[str, Any]:
     """Snapshot for UI (e.g. audio status poll): lane 0 step + beats within step, total steps sum."""
     with _beat_run_lock:
@@ -891,6 +1046,8 @@ async def process_active_beat_advance() -> None:
                 if loop:
                     if i == 0:
                         lane0_looped = True
+                    # Force step-0 preset re-upload on loop wrap, even if wire id matches.
+                    st["_last_wire"] = ""
                     st["stepIdx"] = 0
                     await _send_lane(i, st, ctx)
                 else:
@@ -910,7 +1067,7 @@ async def process_active_beat_advance() -> None:
 
 async def _clear_devices_after_sequence(ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     """Stop beat routing and clear driver presets for devices used by this sequence run."""
-    from models.transport import get_current_sender
+    from models.transport import get_current_bridge
     from util.beat_driver_route import clear_sequence_manual_lane_route, update_beat_route
     from util.driver_delivery import deliver_json_messages
 
@@ -919,8 +1076,8 @@ async def _clear_devices_after_sequence(ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         clear_sequence_manual_lane_route(i)
     update_beat_route({"enabled": False})
 
-    sender = get_current_sender()
-    if not sender:
+    bridge = get_current_bridge()
+    if not bridge:
         return
     devices = ctx.get("devices")
     zone_doc = ctx.get("zone_doc") if isinstance(ctx.get("zone_doc"), dict) else {}
@@ -936,7 +1093,7 @@ async def _clear_devices_after_sequence(ctx: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     if gids:
         body["groups"] = gids
     msg = json.dumps(body, separators=(",", ":"))
-    await deliver_json_messages(sender, [msg], None, devices, delay_s=0.05)
+    await deliver_json_messages(bridge, [msg], None, devices, delay_s=0.05)
 
 
 def _halt_playback_state() -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
diff --git a/src/util/v1_wire.py b/src/util/v1_wire.py
index 093d1de..3843530 100644
--- a/src/util/v1_wire.py
+++ b/src/util/v1_wire.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
 
 # Envelope: devices map
 ENV_DEVICES = "dv"
@@ -33,14 +33,6 @@ _BODY_LONG_TO_SHORT = {
 _BODY_SHORT_TO_LONG = {v: k for k, v in _BODY_LONG_TO_SHORT.items()}
 
 
-def wire_select_list(preset_id: Union[str, int], step: Optional[Union[int, str]] = None) -> List[Any]:
-    """Preset id (+ optional step) for ``select`` on unicast/broadcast to one driver."""
-    out: List[Any] = [str(preset_id)]
-    if step is not None:
-        out.append(step)
-    return out
-
-
 def normalize_select_for_wire(select: Any) -> Any:
     """Long or legacy shapes → wire list ``[preset_id, step?]``."""
     if isinstance(select, list):
diff --git a/tests/bridge_uart_sample.py b/tests/bridge_uart_sample.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8beaab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/bridge_uart_sample.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from machine import UART, Pin
+import time
+
+#set baudrate closest to 1000000
+baudrate = 921600
+uart = UART(1, baudrate=baudrate, tx=Pin(2), rx=Pin(3))
+
+print("Sending 'Hello, World!'")
+uart.write(b'Hello, World!')
+while True:
+    if uart.any():
+        data = uart.read()
+        print(data)
+        uart.write(data)
+    else:
+        time.sleep(0.01)
diff --git a/tests/test_audio_device_select.py b/tests/test_audio_device_select.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74d7b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_audio_device_select.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""Audio input device_select persistence (Pulse name must survive start)."""
+
+import asyncio
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+import requests
+
+PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+SRC_PATH = PROJECT_ROOT / "src"
+if str(SRC_PATH) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(SRC_PATH))
+
+from microdot import Microdot  # noqa: E402
+from util.audio_run_persist import read_audio_run_state, write_audio_run_state  # noqa: E402
+
+SNOWBALL = (
+    "alsa_input.usb-BLUE_MICROPHONE_Blue_Snowball_SUGA_2020_10_09_41646-00.mono-fallback"
+)
+
+
+def _start_app(app: Microdot, port: int = 0):
+    def runner():
+        loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+        try:
+            loop.run_until_complete(app.start_server(host="127.0.0.1", port=port))
+        finally:
+            loop.close()
+
+    thread = threading.Thread(target=runner, daemon=True)
+    thread.start()
+    deadline = time.time() + 5.0
+    while time.time() < deadline:
+        server = getattr(app, "server", None)
+        if server and getattr(server, "sockets", None):
+            sockets = server.sockets or []
+            if sockets:
+                return thread, sockets[0].getsockname()[1]
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+    raise RuntimeError("server failed to start")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def audio_run_path(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    path = tmp_path / "audio_run.json"
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "util.audio_run_persist._db_path",
+        lambda: str(path),
+    )
+    return path
+
+
+def test_write_start_keeps_pulse_device_select_not_portaudio_index(audio_run_path):
+    write_audio_run_state(
+        enabled=True,
+        device=1,
+        device_select=SNOWBALL,
+    )
+    st = read_audio_run_state()
+    assert st["device_select"] == SNOWBALL
+    assert st["device"] == 1
+
+
+def test_put_device_saves_pulse_name(audio_run_path):
+    app = Microdot()
+
+    @app.route("/api/audio/device", methods=["PUT"])
+    async def audio_set_device(request):
+        payload = request.json if isinstance(request.json, dict) else {}
+        device_select = str(payload.get("device_select") or "").strip()
+        from util.audio_run_persist import read_audio_run_state, write_audio_run_state
+
+        prev = read_audio_run_state()
+        write_audio_run_state(
+            enabled=bool(prev.get("enabled")),
+            device=device_select if device_select else None,
+            device_override="",
+            device_select=device_select,
+        )
+        return {"ok": True, "audio_run": read_audio_run_state()}
+
+    _, port = _start_app(app)
+    base = f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}"
+    resp = requests.put(
+        f"{base}/api/audio/device",
+        json={"device_select": SNOWBALL, "device_override": ""},
+        timeout=5,
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    body = resp.json()
+    assert body["audio_run"]["device_select"] == SNOWBALL
+    assert read_audio_run_state()["device_select"] == SNOWBALL
+
+
+def test_start_preserves_device_select_in_status(audio_run_path, monkeypatch):
+    detector = MagicMock()
+    detector.status.return_value = {"running": True, "device": 2}
+
+    def fake_resolve(device):
+        assert device == SNOWBALL
+        return 2
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "util.pulse_audio_devices.resolve_capture_device",
+        fake_resolve,
+    )
+
+    app = Microdot()
+
+    @app.route("/api/audio/start", methods=["POST"])
+    async def audio_start(request):
+        payload = request.json if isinstance(request.json, dict) else {}
+        device = payload.get("device", None)
+        if device in ("", None):
+            device = None
+        device_select = str(payload.get("device_select") or "").strip()
+        if not device_select and device not in ("", None):
+            device_select = str(device).strip()
+        from util.pulse_audio_devices import resolve_capture_device
+        from util.audio_run_persist import read_audio_run_state, write_audio_run_state
+
+        device = resolve_capture_device(device)
+        detector.start(device=device)
+        write_audio_run_state(
+            enabled=True,
+            device=device,
+            device_override="",
+            device_select=device_select,
+        )
+        st = detector.status()
+        st["audio_run"] = read_audio_run_state()
+        return {"ok": True, "status": st}
+
+    @app.route("/api/audio/status")
+    async def audio_status(request):
+        _ = request
+        from util.audio_run_persist import read_audio_run_state
+
+        st = detector.status()
+        st["audio_run"] = read_audio_run_state()
+        return {"status": st}
+
+    _, port = _start_app(app)
+    base = f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}"
+    start = requests.post(
+        f"{base}/api/audio/start",
+        json={"device": SNOWBALL, "device_select": SNOWBALL, "device_override": ""},
+        timeout=5,
+    )
+    assert start.status_code == 200, start.text
+    run = start.json()["status"]["audio_run"]
+    assert run["device_select"] == SNOWBALL
+    assert run["device"] == 2
+
+    status = requests.get(f"{base}/api/audio/status", timeout=5).json()["status"]
+    assert status["audio_run"]["device_select"] == SNOWBALL
+
+
+def test_pulse_device_list_uses_stable_pulse_ids():
+    from util.pulse_audio_devices import list_pulse_matched_input_devices
+
+    devs = list_pulse_matched_input_devices()
+    if not devs:
+        pytest.skip("pactl not available")
+    snow = next((d for d in devs if "Snowball" in d.get("display_name", "")), None)
+    if snow is None:
+        pytest.skip("Blue Snowball not connected")
+    assert snow["id"] == snow["pulse_name"]
+    assert str(snow["id"]).startswith("alsa_input.")
diff --git a/tests/test_audio_reset_tracking.py b/tests/test_audio_reset_tracking.py
index 93c094f..d77e64a 100644
--- a/tests/test_audio_reset_tracking.py
+++ b/tests/test_audio_reset_tracking.py
@@ -59,3 +59,47 @@ def test_status_keeps_bpm_during_holdover():
         det._status["bpm"] = 128.0
         det._status["last_beat_ts"] = time.time() - 10.0
     assert det.status()["bpm"] == 128.0
+
+
+class _FakeRuntimeGap:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.reset_tempo_calls = 0
+
+    def reset_tempo_state(self):
+        self.reset_tempo_calls += 1
+
+
+def test_silence_gap_starts_holdover_and_resets_tempo_once():
+    det = AudioBeatDetector()
+    rt = _FakeRuntimeGap()
+    with det._lock:
+        det._running = True
+        det._status["running"] = True
+        det._status["bpm"] = 120.0
+        det._last_real_beat_ts = time.time() - 10.0
+    det._maybe_recover_after_silence_gap(rt)
+    assert rt.reset_tempo_calls == 1
+    assert det._holdover_active is True
+    det._maybe_recover_after_silence_gap(rt)
+    assert rt.reset_tempo_calls == 1
+    det._record_beat(120.0)
+    assert det._holdover_active is False
+
+
+def test_holdover_last_beat_does_not_block_tempo_retry():
+    """Holdover refreshes last_beat_ts but recovery uses last real beat only."""
+    det = AudioBeatDetector()
+    rt = _FakeRuntimeGap()
+    with det._lock:
+        det._running = True
+        det._status["running"] = True
+        det._status["bpm"] = 120.0
+        det._last_real_beat_ts = time.time() - 10.0
+    det._maybe_recover_after_silence_gap(rt)
+    assert rt.reset_tempo_calls == 1
+    with det._lock:
+        det._status["last_beat_ts"] = time.time()
+        det._last_gap_tempo_reset_ts = time.time() - 10.0
+    det._maybe_recover_after_silence_gap(rt)
+    assert rt.reset_tempo_calls == 2
+    assert det._holdover_active is True
diff --git a/tests/test_beat_driver_route_suppress.py b/tests/test_beat_driver_route_suppress.py
index f8da912..88a5589 100644
--- a/tests/test_beat_driver_route_suppress.py
+++ b/tests/test_beat_driver_route_suppress.py
@@ -28,6 +28,22 @@ def _patch_delivery(monkeypatch):
     return delivered
 
 
+def test_reset_manual_lane_strides_zeros_counters():
+    bdr.set_sequence_manual_lane_route(
+        0,
+        ["desk"],
+        "5",
+        {"p": "chase", "a": False, "manual_beat_n": 1},
+    )
+    with bdr._route_lock:
+        bdr._lane_manual[0]["beat_counter"] = 4
+        bdr._preset_session_beats = 3
+    bdr.reset_manual_lane_strides()
+    with bdr._route_lock:
+        assert bdr._lane_manual[0]["beat_counter"] == 0
+        assert bdr._preset_session_beats == 0
+
+
 def test_suppress_next_notify_skips_one_select(monkeypatch):
     delivered = _patch_delivery(monkeypatch)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_bridge_envelope.py b/tests/test_bridge_envelope.py
index 52c6438..bfe3ce6 100644
--- a/tests/test_bridge_envelope.py
+++ b/tests/test_bridge_envelope.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def test_unicast_mac_keys_per_device():
 def test_deliver_json_messages_defaults_broadcast():
     from util.driver_delivery import deliver_json_messages
 
-    class _Sender:
+    class _Bridge:
         def __init__(self):
             self.keys = []
 
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ def test_deliver_json_messages_defaults_broadcast():
             return True
 
     async def _run():
-        sender = _Sender()
+        bridge = _Bridge()
         await deliver_json_messages(
-            sender,
+            bridge,
             [json.dumps({"v": "1", "select": ["2"]})],
             ["188b0e1560a8", "e8f60a16ea10"],
             None,
         )
-        return sender.keys
+        return bridge.keys
 
     keys = __import__("asyncio").run(_run())
     assert keys == [BROADCAST_MAC]
diff --git a/tests/test_bridge_serial_frame.py b/tests/test_bridge_serial_frame.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf74fd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_bridge_serial_frame.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Tests for Pi↔bridge USB serial framing."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "src"))
+
+from util.bridge_serial_frame import feed_serial_buffer, pack_serial_frame  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def test_pack_and_parse_single_frame():
+    payload = b'{"v":"1","select":["1"]}'
+    frame = pack_serial_frame(payload)
+    buf = bytearray()
+    out = feed_serial_buffer(buf, frame)
+    assert out == [payload]
+    assert len(buf) == 0
+
+
+def test_rejects_oversized_length_and_caps_buffer():
+    buf = bytearray(b"\x31\x23")  # length 12579 — invalid on bridge
+    buf.extend(b"x" * 100)
+    assert feed_serial_buffer(buf, b"") == []
+    assert len(buf) < 100  # resync shifted past bad header
+
+
+def test_serial_frame_carries_ws_uplink():
+    from util.espnow_wire import pack_ws_uplink, parse_ws_frame
+
+    peer = bytes.fromhex("e8f60a16ea10")
+    pkt = b'{"v":"1","name":"test"}'
+    inner = pack_ws_uplink(peer, pkt)
+    framed = pack_serial_frame(inner)
+    out = feed_serial_buffer(bytearray(), framed)
+    assert len(out) == 1
+    p2, pkt2, _ = parse_ws_frame(out[0])
+    assert p2 == peer
+    assert pkt2 == pkt
+    payload = b"\x4c\x03abc"
+    frame = pack_serial_frame(payload)
+    buf = bytearray()
+    assert feed_serial_buffer(buf, frame[:1]) == []
+    assert feed_serial_buffer(buf, frame[1:3]) == []
+    assert feed_serial_buffer(buf, frame[3:]) == [payload]
diff --git a/tests/test_bridge_wifi_connect.py b/tests/test_bridge_wifi_connect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ceb338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_bridge_wifi_connect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Tests for bridge serial connect profile handling."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "src"))
+
+
+def test_connect_bridge_profile_serial(monkeypatch):
+    from util import bridge_runtime
+
+    calls = {}
+
+    async def fake_connect_serial(profile, settings):
+        calls["profile"] = profile
+        calls["settings"] = settings
+        return True, ""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(bridge_runtime, "connect_bridge_serial", fake_connect_serial)
+
+    class _Settings(dict):
+        def save(self):
+            pass
+
+    settings = _Settings({"bridge_serial_port": ""})
+    profile = {
+        "transport": "serial",
+        "serial_port": "/dev/ttyUSB0",
+        "serial_baudrate": 921600,
+    }
+
+    ok, err = asyncio.run(bridge_runtime.connect_bridge_profile(profile, settings))
+    assert ok is True
+    assert err == ""
+    assert calls["profile"]["serial_port"] == "/dev/ttyUSB0"
diff --git a/tests/test_endpoints_pytest.py b/tests/test_endpoints_pytest.py
index d1c7b7e..4eb7bbe 100644
--- a/tests/test_endpoints_pytest.py
+++ b/tests/test_endpoints_pytest.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from microdot.session import Session  # noqa: E402
 from microdot.websocket import with_websocket  # noqa: E402
 
 
-class DummySender:
+class DummyBridge:
     def __init__(self):
         self.sent: list[tuple[str, Optional[str]]] = []
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ def server(monkeypatch, tmp_path_factory):
     old_cwd = os.getcwd()
     os.chdir(str(SRC_PATH))
 
-    dummy_sender = DummySender()
+    dummy_bridge = DummyBridge()
 
     try:
         # Ensure controllers are imported fresh after our patching.
@@ -196,10 +196,10 @@ def server(monkeypatch, tmp_path_factory):
         import controllers.settings as settings_ctl  # noqa: E402
         import controllers.device as device_ctl  # noqa: E402
 
-        # Configure transport sender used by /presets/send.
-        from models.transport import set_sender  # noqa: E402
+        # Configure transport bridge used by /presets/send.
+        from models.transport import set_bridge  # noqa: E402
 
-        set_sender(dummy_sender)
+        set_bridge(dummy_bridge)
 
         app = Microdot()
 
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ def server(monkeypatch, tmp_path_factory):
         @app.route("/ws")
         @with_websocket
         async def ws(request, ws):
-            # Minimal websocket handler: forward raw JSON/text payloads to dummy sender.
+            # Minimal websocket handler: forward raw JSON/text payloads to dummy bridge.
             while True:
                 data = await ws.receive()
                 if not data:
@@ -253,9 +253,9 @@ def server(monkeypatch, tmp_path_factory):
                     parsed = json.loads(data)
                     addr = parsed.pop("to", None)
                     payload = json.dumps(parsed) if parsed else data
-                    await dummy_sender.send(payload, addr=addr)
+                    await dummy_bridge.send(payload, addr=addr)
                 except Exception:
-                    await dummy_sender.send(data)
+                    await dummy_bridge.send(data)
 
         thread, chosen_port = _start_microdot_server(app, host="127.0.0.1", port=0)
         base_url = f"http://127.0.0.1:{chosen_port}"
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def server(monkeypatch, tmp_path_factory):
         yield {
             "base_url": base_url,
             "client": client,
-            "sender": dummy_sender,
+            "bridge": dummy_bridge,
             "thread": thread,
             "app": app,
         }
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ def test_settings_controller(server):
 def test_profiles_presets_zones_endpoints(server, monkeypatch):
     c: requests.Session = server["client"]
     base_url: str = server["base_url"]
-    sender: DummySender = server["sender"]
+    bridge: DummyBridge = server["bridge"]
 
     import controllers.device as device_ctl
 
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ def test_profiles_presets_zones_endpoints(server, monkeypatch):
     assert resp.status_code == 200
     assert resp.json()["brightness"] == 77
 
-    sender.sent.clear()
+    bridge.sent.clear()
     resp = c.post(
         f"{base_url}/presets/send",
         json={"preset_ids": [new_preset_id], "save": False},
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ def test_profiles_presets_zones_endpoints(server, monkeypatch):
     assert resp.status_code == 200
     sent_result = resp.json()
     assert sent_result["presets_sent"] >= 1
-    assert len(sender.sent) >= 1
+    assert len(bridge.sent) >= 1
 
     resp = c.delete(f"{base_url}/presets/{new_preset_id}")
     assert resp.status_code == 200
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ def test_profiles_presets_zones_endpoints(server, monkeypatch):
 def test_groups_sequences_scenes_palettes_patterns_endpoints(server):
     c: requests.Session = server["client"]
     base_url: str = server["base_url"]
-    sender: DummySender = server["sender"]
+    bridge: DummyBridge = server["bridge"]
 
     _create_and_apply_profile(c, base_url)
 
@@ -667,21 +667,21 @@ def test_groups_sequences_scenes_palettes_patterns_endpoints(server):
     assert resp.status_code == 200
     assert resp.json()[dev_id].get("connected") is None
 
-    sender.sent.clear()
+    bridge.sent.clear()
     resp = c.post(f"{base_url}/devices/{dev_id}/identify")
     assert resp.status_code == 200
     assert resp.json().get("message")
-    assert len(sender.sent) >= 1
-    first = json.loads(sender.sent[0][0])
+    assert len(bridge.sent) >= 1
+    first = json.loads(bridge.sent[0][0])
     assert "presets" in first and "select" in first
     assert first["presets"]["__identify"]["p"] == "blink"
     assert first["presets"]["__identify"]["d"] == 50
     assert first["select"] == ["__identify"]
     deadline = time.monotonic() + 2.0
-    while len(sender.sent) < 2 and time.monotonic() < deadline:
+    while len(bridge.sent) < 2 and time.monotonic() < deadline:
         time.sleep(0.02)
-    assert len(sender.sent) >= 2
-    second = json.loads(sender.sent[1][0])
+    assert len(bridge.sent) >= 2
+    second = json.loads(bridge.sent[1][0])
     assert second.get("select") == ["off"]
 
     resp = c.post(
diff --git a/tests/test_espnow_ping.py b/tests/test_espnow_ping.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3133d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_espnow_ping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"""ESP-NOW ping session collection."""
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(PROJECT_ROOT / "src"))
+
+from util import espnow_ping  # noqa: E402
+from util.espnow_wire import pack_ping_rsp, parse_ping_req  # noqa: E402
+
+
+class _FakeBridge:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.packets = []
+
+    async def send(self, data, addr=None):
+        self.packets.append(data)
+        return True
+
+
+def test_run_ping_collects_responses(monkeypatch):
+    bridge = _FakeBridge()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(espnow_ping, "get_current_bridge", lambda: bridge)
+
+    async def _run():
+        async def _inject():
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+            assert len(bridge.packets) == 1
+            ping_id = parse_ping_req(bridge.packets[0])
+            peer = bytes.fromhex("aabbccddeeff")
+            espnow_ping.record_ping_rsp(peer, pack_ping_rsp(ping_id, "led-1"))
+
+        task = asyncio.create_task(_inject())
+        result = await espnow_ping.run_ping(timeout_s=0.2)
+        await task
+        return result
+
+    result = asyncio.run(_run())
+
+    assert result["ok"] is True
+    assert "aabbccddeeff" in result["responses"]
+    assert result["responses"]["aabbccddeeff"]["name"] == "led-1"
+    assert bridge.packets[0][0:2] == bytes([0x4C, 0x05])
diff --git a/tests/test_espnow_wire.py b/tests/test_espnow_wire.py
index e841dbd..979dc06 100644
--- a/tests/test_espnow_wire.py
+++ b/tests/test_espnow_wire.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from util.espnow_wire import (  # noqa: E402
     MSG_ANNOUNCE,
     MSG_CMD,
     MSG_GROUPS,
+    MSG_PING_REQ,
+    MSG_PING_RSP,
     WIRE_MAGIC,
     pack_announce,
     pack_bridge_channel,
@@ -20,12 +22,16 @@ from util.espnow_wire import (  # noqa: E402
     pack_cmd_from_kwargs,
     pack_group_cmd_from_kwargs,
     pack_groups,
+    pack_ping_req,
+    pack_ping_rsp,
     pack_ws_downlink,
     pack_ws_uplink,
     parse_announce,
     parse_cmd_as_v1_dict,
     parse_group_cmd,
     parse_groups,
+    parse_ping_req,
+    parse_ping_rsp,
     parse_ws_frame,
     wire_msg_type,
 )
@@ -104,6 +110,19 @@ def test_ws_frame_round_trip():
     assert bcast4
 
 
+def test_ping_round_trip():
+    ping_id = 0xA1B2C3D4
+    req = pack_ping_req(ping_id)
+    assert wire_msg_type(req) == MSG_PING_REQ
+    assert parse_ping_req(req) == ping_id
+    rsp = pack_ping_rsp(ping_id, "led-test")
+    assert wire_msg_type(rsp) == MSG_PING_RSP
+    assert len(rsp) <= MAX_ESPNOW_PAYLOAD
+    info = parse_ping_rsp(rsp)
+    assert info["ping_id"] == ping_id
+    assert info["name"] == "led-test"
+
+
 def test_bridge_channel():
     raw = pack_bridge_channel(6)
     assert len(raw) == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_pi_wifi_scan.py b/tests/test_pi_wifi_scan.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17b65d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_pi_wifi_scan.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Tests for nmcli Wi‑Fi scan parsing."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "src"))
+
+from util.pi_wifi import _unescape_nmcli  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def test_unescape_nmcli():
+    assert _unescape_nmcli("bridge\\:abc") == "bridge:abc"
+    assert _unescape_nmcli("plain") == "plain"
+
+
+def test_interface_display_name_fallback(monkeypatch):
+    from util import pi_wifi
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        pi_wifi,
+        "_interface_display_name",
+        lambda device: "Test Wi‑Fi" if device == "wlan0" else device,
+    )
+    import subprocess
+
+    def fake_run(*args, **kwargs):
+        class _R:
+            stdout = "wlan0:wifi:connected:HomeNet\neth0:ethernet:connected:\n"
+
+        return _R()
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", fake_run)
+    ifaces = pi_wifi.list_wifi_interfaces()
+    assert len(ifaces) == 1
+    assert ifaces[0]["device"] == "wlan0"
+    assert ifaces[0]["label"] == "Test Wi‑Fi"
+    assert ifaces[0]["connection"] == "HomeNet"
+
+
+def test_scan_wifi_parses_terse_nmcli(monkeypatch):
+    import asyncio
+
+    from util import pi_wifi
+
+    sample = "\n".join(
+        [
+            "bridge-588c81a2fc18:84:",
+            "My Network:72:WPA2",
+            ":50:WPA2",
+            "led:100:WPA2",
+        ]
+    )
+
+    async def fake_run(*args, **kwargs):
+        return 0, sample, ""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(pi_wifi, "_run_nmcli", fake_run)
+
+    networks = asyncio.run(pi_wifi.scan_wifi("wlan0"))
+    ssids = [n["ssid"] for n in networks]
+    assert ssids == ["led", "bridge-588c81a2fc18", "My Network"]
+    assert networks[0]["signal"] == 100
diff --git a/tests/test_sequence_pending_start.py b/tests/test_sequence_pending_start.py
index 398bfb8..6821b4f 100644
--- a/tests/test_sequence_pending_start.py
+++ b/tests/test_sequence_pending_start.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Deferred sequence start on beat / downbeat."""
 
 import asyncio
+import json
 import os
 import sys
 
@@ -86,3 +87,176 @@ def test_downbeat_start_counts_trigger_beat(monkeypatch):
     assert sp._beat_run["lane_states"][0]["beatCount"] == 1
     sp.stop()
 
+
+def _prime_all_lanes_test_mocks(monkeypatch, deliver_log, route_log, reset_log):
+    import types
+
+    async def fake_deliver(_bridge, messages, _macs, _devices, **_kw):
+        for raw in messages:
+            deliver_log.append(json.loads(raw))
+        return ([], 0)
+
+    def fake_clear(lane_index):
+        route_log.append(("clear", lane_index))
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sp, "_resolve_lane_device_names", lambda _i, _c: ["dev-a"])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "util.driver_delivery.deliver_json_messages",
+        fake_deliver,
+    )
+    fake_transport = types.ModuleType("models.transport")
+    fake_transport.get_current_bridge = lambda: object()
+    monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "models.transport", fake_transport)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        sp,
+        "_reset_after_sequence_change",
+        lambda: reset_log.extend(["route", "audio"]),
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "util.beat_driver_route.clear_sequence_manual_lane_route",
+        fake_clear,
+    )
+
+
+def test_prime_all_lanes_delivery_order(monkeypatch):
+    """Sequence start: step-0 presets, select, rest presets, then beat/route reset."""
+    deliver_log: list = []
+    route_log: list = []
+    reset_log: list = []
+    _prime_all_lanes_test_mocks(monkeypatch, deliver_log, route_log, reset_log)
+
+    ctx = {
+        "lanes": [
+            [
+                {"preset_id": "p1", "beats": 2},
+                {"preset_id": "p2", "beats": 2},
+            ]
+        ],
+        "lane_states": [{"stepIdx": 0, "beatCount": 0, "done": False}],
+        "num_lanes": 1,
+        "sequence_doc": {
+            "lanes": [
+                [
+                    {"preset_id": "p1", "beats": 2},
+                    {"preset_id": "p2", "beats": 2},
+                ]
+            ],
+            "group_ids": ["g1"],
+        },
+        "zone_doc": {"group_ids": ["g1"], "brightness": 200},
+        "presets_map": {
+            "p1": {
+                "pattern": "solid",
+                "colors": ["#FF0000"],
+                "auto": True,
+            },
+            "p2": {
+                "pattern": "solid",
+                "colors": ["#00FF00"],
+                "auto": True,
+            },
+        },
+        "devices": object(),
+        "groups": object(),
+        "settings": {},
+        "palette_colors": [],
+    }
+
+    asyncio.run(sp._prime_all_lanes(ctx))
+
+    assert len(deliver_log) == 3
+    step0_msg = deliver_log[0]
+    select_msg = deliver_log[1]
+    rest_msg = deliver_log[2]
+    assert set(step0_msg["presets"]) == {"p1"}
+    assert select_msg["select"] == ["p1"]
+    assert set(rest_msg["presets"]) == {"p2"}
+    for body in deliver_log:
+        assert not ("presets" in body and "select" in body)
+    assert route_log == [("clear", 0)]
+    assert reset_log == ["route", "audio"]
+    assert ctx.get("_sequence_primed") is True
+
+
+def test_prime_all_lanes_single_preset(monkeypatch):
+    """One preset in the lane: step-0 presets, select, reset (no rest phase)."""
+    deliver_log: list = []
+    route_log: list = []
+    reset_log: list = []
+    _prime_all_lanes_test_mocks(monkeypatch, deliver_log, route_log, reset_log)
+
+    ctx = {
+        "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "p1", "beats": 2}]],
+        "lane_states": [{"stepIdx": 0, "beatCount": 0, "done": False}],
+        "num_lanes": 1,
+        "sequence_doc": {
+            "lanes": [[{"preset_id": "p1", "beats": 2}]],
+            "group_ids": ["g1"],
+        },
+        "zone_doc": {"group_ids": ["g1"], "brightness": 200},
+        "presets_map": {
+            "p1": {
+                "pattern": "solid",
+                "colors": ["#FF0000"],
+                "auto": True,
+            }
+        },
+        "devices": object(),
+        "groups": object(),
+        "settings": {},
+        "palette_colors": [],
+    }
+
+    asyncio.run(sp._prime_all_lanes(ctx))
+
+    assert len(deliver_log) == 2
+    assert set(deliver_log[0]["presets"]) == {"p1"}
+    assert deliver_log[1]["select"] == ["p1"]
+    assert route_log == [("clear", 0)]
+    assert reset_log == ["route", "audio"]
+
+
+def test_prime_all_lanes_merges_same_groups(monkeypatch):
+    """Lanes sharing group ids get one step-0 broadcast, not one per lane."""
+    deliver_log: list = []
+    route_log: list = []
+    reset_log: list = []
+    _prime_all_lanes_test_mocks(monkeypatch, deliver_log, route_log, reset_log)
+
+    ctx = {
+        "lanes": [
+            [{"preset_id": "p1", "beats": 2}],
+            [{"preset_id": "p2", "beats": 2}],
+        ],
+        "lane_states": [
+            {"stepIdx": 0, "beatCount": 0, "done": False},
+            {"stepIdx": 0, "beatCount": 0, "done": False},
+        ],
+        "num_lanes": 2,
+        "sequence_doc": {
+            "lanes": [
+                [{"preset_id": "p1", "beats": 2}],
+                [{"preset_id": "p2", "beats": 2}],
+            ],
+            "lanes_group_ids": [["g1"], ["g1"]],
+        },
+        "zone_doc": {"group_ids": ["g1"], "brightness": 200},
+        "presets_map": {
+            "p1": {"pattern": "solid", "colors": ["#FF0000"], "auto": True},
+            "p2": {"pattern": "solid", "colors": ["#00FF00"], "auto": True},
+        },
+        "devices": object(),
+        "groups": object(),
+        "settings": {},
+        "palette_colors": [],
+    }
+
+    asyncio.run(sp._prime_all_lanes(ctx))
+
+    preset_msgs = [b for b in deliver_log if "presets" in b]
+    select_msgs = [b for b in deliver_log if "select" in b]
+    assert len(preset_msgs) == 1
+    assert set(preset_msgs[0]["presets"]) == {"p1", "p2"}
+    assert preset_msgs[0]["groups"] == ["g1"]
+    assert len(select_msgs) == 2
+    assert route_log == [("clear", 0), ("clear", 1)]
diff --git a/tests/test_update_groups.py b/tests/test_update_groups.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76b0a16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_update_groups.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Tests for pushing group membership to all ESP-NOW devices."""
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "src"))
+
+
+def test_push_groups_all_espnow_devices(monkeypatch):
+    from util import espnow_registry
+
+    class _Devices:
+        def items(self):
+            return [
+                ("aabbccddeeff", {"transport": "espnow"}),
+                ("wifi-1", {"transport": "wifi", "address": "192.168.1.1"}),
+            ]
+
+    pushed = []
+
+    async def fake_push(mac):
+        pushed.append(mac)
+        return True
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(espnow_registry, "Device", _Devices)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(espnow_registry, "push_groups_to_mac", fake_push)
+
+    result = asyncio.run(espnow_registry.push_groups_all_espnow_devices())
+    assert result["ok"] is True
+    assert result["sent"] == 1
+    assert result["total"] == 1
+    assert pushed == ["aabbccddeeff"]