Update documentation
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Marcos Vallim
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README.md
201
README.md
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@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ Install applications we need to build the environment.
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sudo apt-get install \
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debootstrap \
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squashfs-tools \
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genisoimage \
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syslinux \
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isolinux
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xorriso \
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grub-pc-bin \
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grub-efi-amd64-bin \
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mtools
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```
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```
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@ -87,6 +88,8 @@ sudo chroot $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot
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dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl
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ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl
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ln -fs /var/lib/dbus/machine-id /etc/machine-id
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```
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6. **Install packages needed for Live System**
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@ -286,106 +289,47 @@ sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run
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sudo cp chroot/boot/initrd.img-**-**-generic image/casper/initrd
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```
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3. Copy isolinux and memtest binaries
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3. Copy memtest binary
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```
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sudo cp /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin image/isolinux/
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sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/{chain,gfxboot,ldlinux,libutil,libcom32,vesamenu}.c32 image/isolinux/
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sudo cp chroot/boot/memtest86+.bin image/install/memtest
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```
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## Boot Instructions
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1. **Splash screen**
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## Grub configuration
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Create image 640x480 in png format (splash.png)
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2. Create image/isolinux/grub.cfg
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/grub.cfg
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<p align="center">
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<img src="image/splash.png"><br>
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</p>
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search --set=root --file /ubuntu
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3. Copy image
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```
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sudo cp splash.png image/isolinux/
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```
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insmod all_video
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2. **Boot-loader configuration**
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set default="0"
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set timeout=30
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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menuentry "Try Ubuntu without installing" {
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linux /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper quiet splash ---
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initrd /casper/initrd
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}
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2. Create image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
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path
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include menu.cfg
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default vesamenu.c32
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prompt 0
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timeout 50
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EOF
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```
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menuentry "Install Ubuntu" {
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linux /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash ---
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initrd /casper/initrd
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}
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3. Create image/isolinux/menu.cfg
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/menu.cfg
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menu hshift 13
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menu width 49
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menu margin 8
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menuentry "Check disc for defects" {
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linux /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper integrity-check quiet splash ---
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initrd /casper/initrd
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}
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menu title Installer boot menu
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include stdmenu.cfg
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include txt.cfg
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EOF
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```
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4. Create image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/stdmenu.cfg
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menu background splash.png
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menu color title * #FFFFFFFF *
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menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none
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menu color sel * #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
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menu color hotsel 1;7;37;40 #ffffffff #76a1d0ff *
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menu color tabmsg * #ffffffff #00000000 *
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menu color help 37;40 #ffdddd00 #00000000 none
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menu vshift 12
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menu rows 10
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menu helpmsgrow 15
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# The command line must be at least one line from the bottom.
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menu cmdlinerow 16
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menu timeoutrow 16
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menu tabmsgrow 18
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menu tabmsg Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry
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EOF
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```
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5. Create image/isolinux/txt.cfg
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```
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cat <<EOF > image/isolinux/txt.cfg
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default live
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label live
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menu label ^Try Ubuntu without installing
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kernel /casper/vmlinuz
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append boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
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label live-install
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menu label ^Install Ubuntu
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kernel /casper/vmlinuz
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append boot=casper only-ubiquity initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
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label check
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menu label ^Check disc for defects
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kernel /casper/vmlinuz
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append boot=casper integrity-check initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---
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label memtest
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menu label Test ^memory
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kernel /install/memtest
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menuentry "Test memory" {
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linux /install/memtest
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}
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EOF
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```
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@ -466,33 +410,78 @@ sudo umount $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/chroot/run
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mkdir image/.disk
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```
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## Calculate MD5
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1. Access build directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch
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```
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2. Generate md5sum.txt
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```
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sudo /bin/bash -c "(cd image && find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v "\./md5sum.txt" > md5sum.txt)"
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```
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## Create ISO Image for a LiveCD
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## Create ISO Image for a LiveCD (BIOS + UEFI)
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1. Access image directory
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```
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cd $HOME/live-ubuntu-from-scratch/image
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```
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2. Create iso from the image directory using the command-line
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2. Create a grub UEFI image
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```
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sudo genisoimage -D -r \
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-V "Ubuntu from scratch" \
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-cache-inodes -J -l \
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-b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
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-c isolinux/boot.cat \
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grub-mkstandalone \
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--format=x86_64-efi \
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--output=isolinux/bootx64.efi \
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--locales="" \
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--fonts="" \
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"boot/grub/grub.cfg=isolinux/grub.cfg"
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```
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4. Create a FAT16 UEFI boot disk image containing the EFI bootloader
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```
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(
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cd isolinux && \
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dd if=/dev/zero of=efiboot.img bs=1M count=10 && \
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sudo mkfs.vfat efiboot.img && \
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mmd -i efiboot.img efi efi/boot && \
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mcopy -i efiboot.img ./bootx64.efi ::efi/boot/
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)
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```
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5. Create a grub BIOS image
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```
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grub-mkstandalone \
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--format=i386-pc \
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--output=isolinux/core.img \
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--install-modules="linux normal iso9660 biosdisk memdisk search tar ls" \
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--modules="linux normal iso9660 biosdisk search" \
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--locales="" \
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--fonts="" \
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"boot/grub/grub.cfg=isolinux/grub.cfg"
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```
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6. Combine a bootable Grub cdboot.img
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```
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cat /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/cdboot.img isolinux/core.img > isolinux/bios.img
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```
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7. Generate sha256sum.txt
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```
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sudo /bin/bash -c "(find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sha256sum | grep -v "\./sha256sum.txt" > sha256sum.txt)"
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```
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7. Create iso from the image directory using the command-line
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```
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sudo xorriso \
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-as mkisofs \
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-iso-level 3 \
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-full-iso9660-filenames \
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-volid "Ubuntu from scratch" \
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-eltorito-boot \
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boot/grub/bios.img \
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-no-emul-boot \
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-boot-load-size 4 \
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-boot-info-table -o ../ubuntu-from-scratch.iso .
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-boot-info-table \
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--eltorito-catalog boot/grub/boot.cat \
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--grub2-boot-info \
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--grub2-mbr /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/boot_hybrid.img \
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-eltorito-alt-boot \
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-e EFI/efiboot.img \
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-no-emul-boot \
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-append_partition 2 0xef isolinux/efiboot.img \
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-output "../ubuntu-from-scratch.iso" \
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-graft-points \
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"." \
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/boot/grub/bios.img=isolinux/bios.img \
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/EFI/efiboot.img=isolinux/efiboot.img
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```
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