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avrdude/src/avr.c

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/*
* avrdude - A Downloader/Uploader for AVR device programmers
* Copyright (C) 2000-2004 Brian S. Dean <bsd@bsdhome.com>
* Copyright (C) 2011 Darell Tan <darell.tan@gmail.com>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/* $Id$ */
#include "ac_cfg.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "avrdude.h"
#include "libavrdude.h"
#include "tpi.h"
FP_UpdateProgress update_progress;
#define DEBUG 0
/* TPI: returns 1 if NVM controller busy, 0 if free */
int avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(const PROGRAMMER *pgm) {
unsigned char cmd;
unsigned char res;
cmd = TPI_CMD_SIN | TPI_SIO_ADDR(TPI_IOREG_NVMCSR);
(void)pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, &cmd, 1, &res, 1);
return (res & TPI_IOREG_NVMCSR_NVMBSY);
}
/* TPI chip erase sequence */
int avr_tpi_chip_erase(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p) {
int err;
AVRMEM *mem;
if (p->prog_modes & PM_TPI) {
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, ON);
/* Set Pointer Register */
mem = avr_locate_mem(p, "flash");
if (mem == NULL) {
pmsg_error("no flash memory to erase for part %s\n", p->desc);
return -1;
}
unsigned char cmd[] = {
/* write pointer register high byte */
(TPI_CMD_SSTPR | 0),
((mem->offset & 0xFF) | 1),
/* and low byte */
(TPI_CMD_SSTPR | 1),
((mem->offset >> 8) & 0xFF),
/* write CHIP_ERASE command to NVMCMD register */
(TPI_CMD_SOUT | TPI_SIO_ADDR(TPI_IOREG_NVMCMD)),
TPI_NVMCMD_CHIP_ERASE,
/* write dummy value to start erase */
TPI_CMD_SST,
0xFF
};
while (avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(pgm))
;
err = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, sizeof(cmd), NULL, 0);
if(err)
return err;
while (avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(pgm));
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
return 0;
} else {
pmsg_error("part has no TPI\n");
return -1;
}
}
/* TPI program enable sequence */
int avr_tpi_program_enable(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, unsigned char guard_time) {
int err, retry;
unsigned char cmd[2];
unsigned char response;
if(p->prog_modes & PM_TPI) {
/* set guard time */
cmd[0] = (TPI_CMD_SSTCS | TPI_REG_TPIPCR);
cmd[1] = guard_time;
err = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, sizeof(cmd), NULL, 0);
if(err)
return err;
/* read TPI ident reg */
cmd[0] = (TPI_CMD_SLDCS | TPI_REG_TPIIR);
err = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 1, &response, sizeof(response));
if (err || response != TPI_IDENT_CODE) {
pmsg_error("TPIIR not correct\n");
return -1;
}
/* send SKEY command + SKEY */
err = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, tpi_skey_cmd, sizeof(tpi_skey_cmd), NULL, 0);
if(err)
return err;
/* check if device is ready */
for(retry = 0; retry < 10; retry++)
{
cmd[0] = (TPI_CMD_SLDCS | TPI_REG_TPISR);
err = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 1, &response, sizeof(response));
if(err || !(response & TPI_REG_TPISR_NVMEN))
continue;
return 0;
}
pmsg_error("target does not reply when enabling TPI external programming mode\n");
return -1;
} else {
pmsg_error("part has no TPI\n");
return -1;
}
}
/* TPI: setup NVMCMD register and pointer register (PR) for read/write/erase */
static int avr_tpi_setup_rw(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRMEM *mem,
unsigned long addr, unsigned char nvmcmd) {
unsigned char cmd[4];
int rc;
/* set NVMCMD register */
cmd[0] = TPI_CMD_SOUT | TPI_SIO_ADDR(TPI_IOREG_NVMCMD);
cmd[1] = nvmcmd;
rc = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 2, NULL, 0);
if (rc == -1)
return -1;
/* set Pointer Register (PR) */
cmd[0] = TPI_CMD_SSTPR | 0;
cmd[1] = (mem->offset + addr) & 0xFF;
rc = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 2, NULL, 0);
if (rc == -1)
return -1;
cmd[0] = TPI_CMD_SSTPR | 1;
cmd[1] = ((mem->offset + addr) >> 8) & 0xFF;
rc = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 2, NULL, 0);
if (rc == -1)
return -1;
return 0;
}
int avr_read_byte_default(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, const AVRMEM *mem,
unsigned long addr, unsigned char * value)
{
unsigned char cmd[4];
unsigned char res[4];
unsigned char data;
int r;
OPCODE * readop, * lext;
if (pgm->cmd == NULL) {
pmsg_error("%s programmer uses avr_read_byte_default() but does not\n", pgm->type);
imsg_error("provide a cmd() method\n");
return -1;
}
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, ON);
pgm->err_led(pgm, OFF);
if (p->prog_modes & PM_TPI) {
if (pgm->cmd_tpi == NULL) {
pmsg_error("%s programmer does not support TPI\n", pgm->type);
return -1;
}
while (avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(pgm));
/* setup for read */
avr_tpi_setup_rw(pgm, mem, addr, TPI_NVMCMD_NO_OPERATION);
/* load byte */
cmd[0] = TPI_CMD_SLD;
r = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 1, value, 1);
if (r == -1)
return -1;
return 0;
}
/*
* figure out what opcode to use
*/
if (mem->op[AVR_OP_READ_LO]) {
if (addr & 0x00000001)
readop = mem->op[AVR_OP_READ_HI];
else
readop = mem->op[AVR_OP_READ_LO];
addr = addr / 2;
}
else {
readop = mem->op[AVR_OP_READ];
}
if (readop == NULL) {
#if DEBUG
pmsg_error("operation not supported on memory type %s\n", mem->desc);
#endif
return -1;
}
/*
* If this device has a "load extended address" command, issue it.
*/
lext = mem->op[AVR_OP_LOAD_EXT_ADDR];
if (lext != NULL) {
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(lext, cmd);
avr_set_addr(lext, cmd, addr);
r = pgm->cmd(pgm, cmd, res);
if (r < 0)
return r;
}
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(readop, cmd);
avr_set_addr(readop, cmd, addr);
r = pgm->cmd(pgm, cmd, res);
if (r < 0)
return r;
data = 0;
avr_get_output(readop, res, &data);
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
*value = data;
return 0;
}
/*
* Return the number of "interesting" bytes in a memory buffer,
* "interesting" being defined as up to the last non-0xff data
* value. This is useful for determining where to stop when dealing
* with "flash" memory, since writing 0xff to flash is typically a
* no-op. Always return an even number since flash is word addressed.
* Only apply this optimisation on flash-type memory.
*/
int avr_mem_hiaddr(const AVRMEM * mem)
{
int i, n;
static int disableffopt;
/* calling once with NULL disables any future trailing-0xff optimisation */
if(!mem) {
disableffopt = 1;
return 0;
}
if(disableffopt)
return mem->size;
/* if the memory is not a flash-type memory do not remove trailing 0xff */
if(!avr_mem_is_flash_type(mem))
return mem->size;
/* return the highest non-0xff address regardless of how much
memory was read */
for (i=mem->size-1; i>0; i--) {
if (mem->buf[i] != 0xff) {
n = i+1;
if (n & 0x01)
return n+1;
else
return n;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Read the entirety of the specified memory type into the corresponding
* buffer of the avrpart pointed to by p. If v is non-NULL, verify against
* v's memory area, only those cells that are tagged TAG_ALLOCATED are
* verified.
*
* Return the number of bytes read, or < 0 if an error occurs.
*/
int avr_read(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, const char *memtype, const AVRPART *v) {
AVRMEM *mem = avr_locate_mem(p, memtype);
if (mem == NULL) {
pmsg_error("no %s memory for part %s\n", memtype, p->desc);
return LIBAVRDUDE_GENERAL_FAILURE;
}
return avr_read_mem(pgm, p, mem, v);
}
/*
* Read the entirety of the specified memory into the corresponding buffer of
* the avrpart pointed to by p. If v is non-NULL, verify against v's memory
* area, only those cells that are tagged TAG_ALLOCATED are verified.
*
* Return the number of bytes read, or < 0 if an error occurs.
*/
int avr_read_mem(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, const AVRMEM *mem, const AVRPART *v) {
unsigned long i, lastaddr;
unsigned char cmd[4];
AVRMEM *vmem = NULL;
int rc;
if (v != NULL)
vmem = avr_locate_mem(v, mem->desc);
if(mem->size < 0) // Sanity check
return -1;
/*
* start with all 0xff
*/
memset(mem->buf, 0xff, mem->size);
/* supports "paged load" thru post-increment */
if ((p->prog_modes & PM_TPI) && mem->page_size > 1 &&
mem->size % mem->page_size == 0 && pgm->cmd_tpi != NULL) {
while (avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(pgm));
/* setup for read (NOOP) */
avr_tpi_setup_rw(pgm, mem, 0, TPI_NVMCMD_NO_OPERATION);
/* load bytes */
for (lastaddr = i = 0; i < (unsigned long) mem->size; i++) {
if (vmem == NULL ||
(vmem->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED) != 0)
{
if (lastaddr != i) {
/* need to setup new address */
avr_tpi_setup_rw(pgm, mem, i, TPI_NVMCMD_NO_OPERATION);
lastaddr = i;
}
cmd[0] = TPI_CMD_SLD_PI;
rc = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 1, mem->buf + i, 1);
lastaddr++;
if (rc == -1) {
pmsg_error("unable to read address 0x%04lx\n", i);
return -1;
}
}
report_progress(i, mem->size, NULL);
}
return avr_mem_hiaddr(mem);
}
// HW programmers need a page size > 1, bootloader typ only offer paged r/w
if ((pgm->paged_load && mem->page_size > 1 && mem->size % mem->page_size == 0) ||
((pgm->prog_modes & PM_SPM) && avr_has_paged_access(pgm, mem))) {
/*
* the programmer supports a paged mode read
*/
int need_read, failure;
unsigned int pageaddr;
unsigned int npages, nread;
/* quickly scan number of pages to be written to first */
for (pageaddr = 0, npages = 0;
pageaddr < (unsigned int) mem->size;
pageaddr += mem->page_size) {
/* check whether this page must be read */
for (i = pageaddr;
i < pageaddr + mem->page_size;
i++)
if (vmem == NULL /* no verify, read everything */ ||
(mem->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED) != 0 /* verify, do only
read pages that
are needed in
input file */) {
npages++;
break;
}
}
for (pageaddr = 0, failure = 0, nread = 0;
!failure && pageaddr < (unsigned int) mem->size;
pageaddr += mem->page_size) {
/* check whether this page must be read */
for (i = pageaddr, need_read = 0;
i < pageaddr + mem->page_size;
i++)
if (vmem == NULL /* no verify, read everything */ ||
(vmem->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED) != 0 /* verify, do only
read pages that
are needed in
input file */) {
need_read = 1;
break;
}
if (need_read) {
rc = pgm->paged_load(pgm, p, mem, mem->page_size,
pageaddr, mem->page_size);
if (rc < 0)
/* paged load failed, fall back to byte-at-a-time read below */
failure = 1;
} else {
pmsg_debug("avr_read_mem(): skipping page %u: no interesting data\n", pageaddr / mem->page_size);
}
nread++;
report_progress(nread, npages, NULL);
}
if (!failure)
return avr_mem_hiaddr(mem);
/* else: fall back to byte-at-a-time read, for historical reasons */
}
if (strcmp(mem->desc, "signature") == 0) {
if (pgm->read_sig_bytes) {
return pgm->read_sig_bytes(pgm, p, mem);
}
}
for (i=0; i < (unsigned long) mem->size; i++) {
if (vmem == NULL || (vmem->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED) != 0) {
rc = pgm->read_byte(pgm, p, mem, i, mem->buf + i);
if (rc != LIBAVRDUDE_SUCCESS) {
pmsg_error("unable to read byte at address 0x%04lx\n", i);
if (rc == LIBAVRDUDE_GENERAL_FAILURE) {
pmsg_error("read operation not supported for memory %s\n", mem->desc);
return LIBAVRDUDE_NOTSUPPORTED;
}
pmsg_error("read operation failed for memory %s\n", mem->desc);
return LIBAVRDUDE_SOFTFAIL;
}
}
report_progress(i, mem->size, NULL);
}
return avr_mem_hiaddr(mem);
}
/*
* write a page data at the specified address
*/
int avr_write_page(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p_unused, const AVRMEM *mem,
unsigned long addr) {
unsigned char cmd[4];
unsigned char res[4];
OPCODE * wp, * lext;
if (pgm->cmd == NULL) {
pmsg_error("%s programmer uses avr_write_page() but does not\n", pgm->type);
imsg_error("provide a cmd() method\n");
return -1;
}
wp = mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITEPAGE];
if (wp == NULL) {
pmsg_error("memory %s not configured for page writes\n", mem->desc);
return -1;
}
/*
* if this memory is word-addressable, adjust the address
* accordingly
*/
if ((mem->op[AVR_OP_LOADPAGE_LO]) || (mem->op[AVR_OP_READ_LO]))
addr = addr / 2;
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, ON);
pgm->err_led(pgm, OFF);
/*
* If this device has a "load extended address" command, issue it.
*/
lext = mem->op[AVR_OP_LOAD_EXT_ADDR];
if (lext != NULL) {
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(lext, cmd);
avr_set_addr(lext, cmd, addr);
pgm->cmd(pgm, cmd, res);
}
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(wp, cmd);
avr_set_addr(wp, cmd, addr);
pgm->cmd(pgm, cmd, res);
/*
* since we don't know what voltage the target AVR is powered by, be
* conservative and delay the max amount the spec says to wait
*/
usleep(mem->max_write_delay);
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
return 0;
}
// Return us since program start, rolls over after ca 1h 12min
unsigned long avr_ustimestamp() {
struct timeval tv;
memset(&tv, 0, sizeof tv);
if(gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) == 0) {
static unsigned long long epoch;
static int init;
unsigned long long now;
now = tv.tv_sec*1000000ULL + tv.tv_usec;
if(!init) {
epoch = now;
init = 1;
}
return now - epoch;
}
return 0;
}
// Return ms since program start, rolls over after ca 49d 17h
unsigned long avr_mstimestamp() {
return avr_ustimestamp()/1000;
}
// Return s since program start as double
double avr_timestamp() {
return avr_ustimestamp()/1e6;
}
int avr_write_byte_default(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, const AVRMEM *mem,
unsigned long addr, unsigned char data)
{
unsigned char cmd[4];
unsigned char res[4];
unsigned char r;
int ready;
int tries;
unsigned long start_time;
unsigned long prog_time;
unsigned char b;
unsigned short caddr;
OPCODE * writeop;
int rc;
int readok=0;
if (pgm->cmd == NULL) {
pmsg_error("%s programmer uses avr_write_byte_default() but does not\n", pgm->type);
imsg_error("provide a cmd() method\n");
return -1;
}
if (p->prog_modes & PM_TPI) {
if (pgm->cmd_tpi == NULL) {
pmsg_error("%s programmer does not support TPI\n", pgm->type);
return -1;
}
if (strcmp(mem->desc, "flash") == 0) {
pmsg_error("writing a byte to flash is not supported for %s\n", p->desc);
return -1;
} else if ((mem->offset + addr) & 1) {
pmsg_error("writing a byte to an odd location is not supported for %s\n", p->desc);
return -1;
}
while (avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(pgm));
/* must erase fuse first */
if (strcmp(mem->desc, "fuse") == 0) {
/* setup for SECTION_ERASE (high byte) */
avr_tpi_setup_rw(pgm, mem, addr | 1, TPI_NVMCMD_SECTION_ERASE);
/* write dummy byte */
cmd[0] = TPI_CMD_SST;
cmd[1] = 0xFF;
rc = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 2, NULL, 0);
while (avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(pgm));
}
/* setup for WORD_WRITE */
avr_tpi_setup_rw(pgm, mem, addr, TPI_NVMCMD_WORD_WRITE);
cmd[0] = TPI_CMD_SST_PI;
cmd[1] = data;
rc = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 2, NULL, 0);
/* dummy high byte to start WORD_WRITE */
cmd[0] = TPI_CMD_SST_PI;
cmd[1] = data;
rc = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 2, NULL, 0);
while (avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(pgm));
return 0;
}
if (!mem->paged && (p->flags & AVRPART_IS_AT90S1200) == 0) {
/*
* check to see if the write is necessary by reading the existing
* value and only write if we are changing the value; we can't
* use this optimization for paged addressing.
*
* For mysterious reasons, on the AT90S1200, this read operation
* sometimes causes the high byte of the same word to be
* programmed to the value of the low byte that has just been
* programmed before. Avoid that optimization on this device.
*/
rc = pgm->read_byte(pgm, p, mem, addr, &b);
if (rc != 0) {
if (rc != -1) {
return -2;
}
/*
* the read operation is not support on this memory type
*/
}
else {
readok = 1;
if (b == data) {
return 0;
}
}
}
/*
* determine which memory opcode to use
*/
if (mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITE_LO]) {
if (addr & 0x01)
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITE_HI];
else
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITE_LO];
caddr = addr / 2;
}
else if (mem->paged && mem->op[AVR_OP_LOADPAGE_LO]) {
if (addr & 0x01)
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_LOADPAGE_HI];
else
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_LOADPAGE_LO];
caddr = addr / 2;
}
else {
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITE];
caddr = addr;
}
if (writeop == NULL) {
#if DEBUG
pmsg_error("write not supported for memory type %s\n", mem->desc);
#endif
return -1;
}
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, ON);
pgm->err_led(pgm, OFF);
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(writeop, cmd);
avr_set_addr(writeop, cmd, caddr);
avr_set_input(writeop, cmd, data);
pgm->cmd(pgm, cmd, res);
if (mem->paged) {
/*
* in paged addressing, single bytes to be written to the memory
* page complete immediately, we only need to delay when we commit
* the whole page via the avr_write_page() routine.
*/
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
return 0;
}
if (readok == 0) {
/*
* read operation not supported for this memory type, just wait
* the max programming time and then return
*/
usleep(mem->max_write_delay); /* maximum write delay */
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
return 0;
}
tries = 0;
ready = 0;
while (!ready) {
if ((data == mem->readback[0]) ||
(data == mem->readback[1])) {
/*
* use an extra long delay when we happen to be writing values
* used for polled data read-back. In this case, polling
* doesn't work, and we need to delay the worst case write time
* specified for the chip.
*/
usleep(mem->max_write_delay);
rc = pgm->read_byte(pgm, p, mem, addr, &r);
if (rc != 0) {
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
pgm->err_led(pgm, OFF);
return -5;
}
}
else {
start_time = avr_ustimestamp();
do {
// Do polling, but timeout after max_write_delay
rc = pgm->read_byte(pgm, p, mem, addr, &r);
if (rc != 0) {
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
pgm->err_led(pgm, ON);
return -4;
}
prog_time = avr_ustimestamp();
} while (r != data && mem->max_write_delay >= 0 &&
prog_time - start_time < (unsigned long) mem->max_write_delay);
}
/*
* At this point we either have a valid readback or the
* max_write_delay is expired.
*/
if (r == data) {
ready = 1;
}
else if (mem->pwroff_after_write) {
/*
* The device has been flagged as power-off after write to this
* memory type. The reason we don't just blindly follow the
* flag is that the power-off advice may only apply to some
* memory bits but not all. We only actually power-off the
* device if the data read back does not match what we wrote.
*/
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
pmsg_info("this device must be powered off and back on to continue\n");
if (pgm->pinno[PPI_AVR_VCC]) {
pmsg_info("attempting to do this now ...\n");
pgm->powerdown(pgm);
usleep(250000);
rc = pgm->initialize(pgm, p);
if (rc < 0) {
pmsg_error("initialization failed, rc=%d\n", rc);
imsg_error("cannot re-initialize device after programming the %s bits\n", mem->desc);
imsg_error("you must manually power-down the device and restart %s to continue\n", progname);
return -3;
}
pmsg_info("device was successfully re-initialized\n");
return 0;
}
}
tries++;
if (!ready && tries > 5) {
/*
* we wrote the data, but after waiting for what should have
* been plenty of time, the memory cell still doesn't match what
* we wrote. Indicate a write error.
*/
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
pgm->err_led(pgm, ON);
return -6;
}
}
pgm->pgm_led(pgm, OFF);
return 0;
}
/*
* write a byte of data at the specified address
*/
int avr_write_byte(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, const AVRMEM *mem,
unsigned long addr, unsigned char data)
{
return pgm->write_byte(pgm, p, mem, addr, data);
}
/*
* Write the whole memory region of the specified memory from its buffer of
* the avrpart pointed to by p to the device. Write up to size bytes from
* the buffer. Data is only written if the corresponding tags byte is set.
* Data beyond size bytes are not affected.
*
* Return the number of bytes written, or LIBAVRDUDE_GENERAL_FAILURE on error.
*/
int avr_write(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, const char *memtype, int size, int auto_erase) {
AVRMEM *m = avr_locate_mem(p, memtype);
if (m == NULL) {
pmsg_error("no %s memory for part %s\n", memtype, p->desc);
return LIBAVRDUDE_GENERAL_FAILURE;
}
return avr_write_mem(pgm, p, m, size, auto_erase);
}
/*
* Write the whole memory region of the specified memory from its buffer of
* the avrpart pointed to by p to the device. Write up to size bytes from
* the buffer. Data is only written if the corresponding tags byte is set.
* Data beyond size bytes are not affected.
*
* Return the number of bytes written, or LIBAVRDUDE_GENERAL_FAILURE on error.
*/
int avr_write_mem(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, const AVRMEM *m, int size, int auto_erase) {
int rc;
int newpage, page_tainted, flush_page, do_write;
int wsize;
unsigned int i, lastaddr;
unsigned char data;
int werror;
unsigned char cmd[4];
pgm->err_led(pgm, OFF);
werror = 0;
wsize = m->size;
if (size < wsize) {
wsize = size;
} else if (size > wsize) {
pmsg_warning("%d bytes requested, but memory region is only %d bytes\n", size, wsize);
imsg_warning("Only %d bytes will actually be written\n", wsize);
}
if(wsize <= 0)
return wsize;
if ((p->prog_modes & PM_TPI) && m->page_size > 1 && pgm->cmd_tpi) {
unsigned int chunk; /* number of words for each write command */
unsigned int j, writeable_chunk;
if (wsize == 1) {
/* fuse (configuration) memory: only single byte to write */
return avr_write_byte(pgm, p, m, 0, m->buf[0]) == 0? 1: LIBAVRDUDE_GENERAL_FAILURE;
}
while (avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(pgm));
/* setup for WORD_WRITE */
avr_tpi_setup_rw(pgm, m, 0, TPI_NVMCMD_WORD_WRITE);
/*
* Some TPI devices can only program 2 or 4 words (4 or 8 bytes) at a time.
* This is set by the n_word_writes option of the AVRMEM config section.
* Ensure that we align our write size to this boundary.
*/
if (m->n_word_writes < 0 || m->n_word_writes > 4 || m->n_word_writes == 3) {
msg_error("\n");
pmsg_error("unsupported n_word_writes value of %d for %s memory\n",
m->n_word_writes, m->desc);
return LIBAVRDUDE_GENERAL_FAILURE;
}
chunk = m->n_word_writes > 0 ? 2*m->n_word_writes : 2;
wsize = (wsize+chunk-1) / chunk * chunk;
/* write words in chunks, low byte first */
for (lastaddr = i = 0; i < (unsigned int) wsize; i += chunk) {
/* check that at least one byte in this chunk is allocated */
for (writeable_chunk = j = 0; !writeable_chunk && j < chunk; j++) {
writeable_chunk = m->tags[i+j] & TAG_ALLOCATED;
}
if (writeable_chunk) {
if (lastaddr != i) {
/* need to setup new address */
avr_tpi_setup_rw(pgm, m, i, TPI_NVMCMD_WORD_WRITE);
lastaddr = i;
}
// Write each byte of the chunk. Unallocated bytes should read
// as 0xFF, which should no-op.
cmd[0] = TPI_CMD_SST_PI;
for (j = 0; j < chunk; j++) {
cmd[1] = m->buf[i+j];
rc = pgm->cmd_tpi(pgm, cmd, 2, NULL, 0);
}
lastaddr += chunk;
while (avr_tpi_poll_nvmbsy(pgm));
}
report_progress(i, wsize, NULL);
}
return i;
}
// HW programmers need a page size > 1, bootloader typ only offer paged r/w
if ((pgm->paged_load && m->page_size > 1 && m->size % m->page_size == 0) ||
((pgm->prog_modes & PM_SPM) && avr_has_paged_access(pgm, m))) {
/*
* the programmer supports a paged mode write
*/
int need_write, failure, nset;
unsigned int pageaddr;
unsigned int npages, nwritten;
/*
* Not all paged memory looks like NOR memory to AVRDUDE, particularly
* - EEPROM
* - when talking to a bootloader
* - handling write via a part-programmer combo that can do page erase
*
* Hence, read in from the chip all pages with holes to fill them in. The
* small cost of doing so is outweighed by the benefit of not potentially
* overwriting bytes with 0xff outside the input file.
*
* Also consider that the effective page size for *SPM* erasing of parts
* can be 4 times the page size for SPM writing (eg, ATtiny1634). Thus
* ensure the holes cover the effective page size for SPM programming.
* Benefits -c arduino with input files with holes on 4-page-erase parts.
*/
AVRMEM *cm = avr_dup_mem(m);
// Establish and sanity check effective page size
int pgsize = (pgm->prog_modes & PM_SPM) && p->n_page_erase > 0?
p->n_page_erase*cm->page_size: cm->page_size;
if((pgsize & (pgsize-1)) || pgsize < 1) {
pmsg_error("effective page size %d implausible\n", pgsize);
avr_free_mem(cm);
return -1;
}
uint8_t *spc = cfg_malloc(__func__, cm->page_size);
// Set cwsize as rounded-up wsize
int cwsize = (wsize + pgsize-1)/pgsize*pgsize;
for(pageaddr = 0; pageaddr < (unsigned int) cwsize; pageaddr += pgsize) {
for(i = pageaddr, nset = 0; i < pageaddr + pgsize; i++)
if(cm->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED)
nset++;
if(nset && nset != pgsize) { // Effective page has holes
for(int np=0; np < pgsize/cm->page_size; np++) { // page by page
unsigned int beg = pageaddr + np*cm->page_size;
unsigned int end = beg + cm->page_size;
for(i = beg; i < end; i++)
if(!(cm->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED))
break;
if(i >= end) // Memory page has no holes
continue;
// Read flash contents to separate memory spc and fill in holes
if(avr_read_page_default(pgm, p, cm, beg, spc) >= 0) {
pmsg_notice2("padding %s [0x%04x, 0x%04x]\n", cm->desc, beg, end-1);
for(i = beg; i < end; i++)
if(!(cm->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED)) {
cm->tags[i] |= TAG_ALLOCATED;
cm->buf[i] = spc[i-beg];
}
} else {
pmsg_notice2("cannot read %s [0x%04x, 0x%04x] to pad page\n",
cm->desc, beg, end-1);
}
}
}
}
// Quickly scan number of pages to be written to
for(pageaddr = 0, npages = 0; pageaddr < (unsigned int) cwsize; pageaddr += cm->page_size) {
for(i = pageaddr; i < pageaddr + cm->page_size; i++)
if(cm->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED) {
npages++;
break;
}
}
for (pageaddr = 0, failure = 0, nwritten = 0;
!failure && pageaddr < (unsigned int) cwsize;
pageaddr += cm->page_size) {
// Check whether this page must be written to
for (i = pageaddr, need_write = 0; i < pageaddr + cm->page_size; i++)
if ((cm->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED) != 0) {
need_write = 1;
break;
}
if (need_write) {
rc = 0;
if (auto_erase)
rc = pgm->page_erase(pgm, p, cm, pageaddr);
if (rc >= 0)
rc = pgm->paged_write(pgm, p, cm, cm->page_size, pageaddr, cm->page_size);
if (rc < 0)
/* paged write failed, fall back to byte-at-a-time write below */
failure = 1;
} else {
pmsg_debug("avr_write_mem(): skipping page %u: no interesting data\n", pageaddr / cm->page_size);
}
nwritten++;
report_progress(nwritten, npages, NULL);
}
avr_free_mem(cm);
free(spc);
if (!failure)
return wsize;
/* else: fall back to byte-at-a-time write, for historical reasons */
}
if (pgm->write_setup) {
pgm->write_setup(pgm, p, m);
}
newpage = 1;
page_tainted = 0;
flush_page = 0;
for (i = 0; i < (unsigned int) wsize; i++) {
data = m->buf[i];
report_progress(i, wsize, NULL);
/*
* Find out whether the write action must be invoked for this
* byte.
*
* For non-paged memory, this only happens if TAG_ALLOCATED is
* set for the byte.
*
* For paged memory, TAG_ALLOCATED also invokes the write
* operation, which is actually a page buffer fill only. This
* "taints" the page, and upon encountering the last byte of each
* tainted page, the write operation must also be invoked in order
* to actually write the page buffer to memory.
*/
do_write = (m->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED) != 0;
if (m->paged) {
if (newpage) {
page_tainted = do_write;
} else {
page_tainted |= do_write;
}
if (i % m->page_size == (unsigned int) m->page_size - 1 ||
i == (unsigned int) wsize - 1) {
/* last byte this page */
flush_page = page_tainted;
newpage = 1;
} else {
flush_page = newpage = 0;
}
}
if (!do_write && !flush_page) {
continue;
}
if (do_write) {
rc = avr_write_byte(pgm, p, m, i, data);
if (rc) {
msg_error(" ***failed;\n");
pgm->err_led(pgm, ON);
werror = 1;
}
}
/*
* check to see if it is time to flush the page with a page
* write
*/
if (flush_page) {
rc = avr_write_page(pgm, p, m, i);
if (rc) {
msg_error(" *** page %d (addresses 0x%04x - 0x%04x) failed to write\n\n",
i / m->page_size, i - m->page_size + 1, i);
pgm->err_led(pgm, ON);
werror = 1;
}
}
if (werror) {
/*
* make sure the error led stay on if there was a previous write
* error, otherwise it gets cleared in avr_write_byte()
*/
pgm->err_led(pgm, ON);
}
}
return i;
}
/*
* read the AVR device's signature bytes
*/
int avr_signature(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p) {
int rc;
if(verbose > 1)
report_progress(0, 1, "Reading");
rc = avr_read(pgm, p, "signature", 0);
if (rc < LIBAVRDUDE_SUCCESS) {
pmsg_error("unable to read signature data for part %s, rc=%d\n", p->desc, rc);
return rc;
}
report_progress(1, 1, NULL);
return LIBAVRDUDE_SUCCESS;
}
static uint8_t get_fuse_bitmask(AVRMEM * m) {
uint8_t bitmask_r = 0;
uint8_t bitmask_w = 0;
int i;
if (!m || m->size > 1) {
// not a fuse, compare bytes directly
return 0xFF;
}
if (m->op[AVR_OP_WRITE] == NULL ||
m->op[AVR_OP_READ] == NULL)
// no memory operations provided by configuration, compare directly
return 0xFF;
// For fuses, only compare bytes that are actually written *and* read.
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
if (m->op[AVR_OP_WRITE]->bit[i].type == AVR_CMDBIT_INPUT)
bitmask_w |= (1 << m->op[AVR_OP_WRITE]->bit[i].bitno);
if (m->op[AVR_OP_READ]->bit[i].type == AVR_CMDBIT_OUTPUT)
bitmask_r |= (1 << m->op[AVR_OP_READ]->bit[i].bitno);
}
return bitmask_r & bitmask_w;
}
int compare_memory_masked(AVRMEM * m, uint8_t b1, uint8_t b2) {
uint8_t bitmask = get_fuse_bitmask(m);
return (b1 & bitmask) != (b2 & bitmask);
}
/*
* Verify the memory buffer of p with that of v. The byte range of v,
* may be a subset of p. The byte range of p should cover the whole
* chip's memory size.
*
* Return the number of bytes verified, or -1 if they don't match.
*/
int avr_verify(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, const AVRPART *v, const char *memtype, int size) {
int i;
unsigned char * buf1, * buf2;
int vsize;
AVRMEM * a, * b;
a = avr_locate_mem(p, memtype);
if (a == NULL) {
pmsg_error("memory type %s not defined for part %s\n", memtype, p->desc);
return -1;
}
b = avr_locate_mem(v, memtype);
if (b == NULL) {
pmsg_error("memory type %s not defined for part %s\n", memtype, v->desc);
return -1;
}
buf1 = a->buf;
buf2 = b->buf;
vsize = a->size;
if (vsize < size) {
pmsg_warning("requested verification for %d bytes\n", size);
imsg_warning("%s memory region only contains %d bytes\n", memtype, vsize);
imsg_warning("only %d bytes will be verified\n", vsize);
size = vsize;
}
int verror = 0, vroerror = 0, maxerrs = verbose >= MSG_DEBUG? size+1: 10;
for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
if ((b->tags[i] & TAG_ALLOCATED) != 0 && buf1[i] != buf2[i]) {
uint8_t bitmask = get_fuse_bitmask(a);
if(pgm->readonly && pgm->readonly(pgm, p, a, i)) {
if(quell_progress < 2) {
if(vroerror < 10) {
if(!(verror + vroerror))
pmsg_warning("verification mismatch%s\n",
avr_mem_is_flash_type(a)? " in r/o areas, expected for vectors and/or bootloader": "");
imsg_warning("device 0x%02x != input 0x%02x at addr 0x%04x (read only location)\n",
buf1[i], buf2[i], i);
} else if(vroerror == 10)
imsg_warning("suppressing further mismatches in read-only areas\n");
}
vroerror++;
} else if((buf1[i] & bitmask) != (buf2[i] & bitmask)) {
// Mismatch is not just in unused bits
if(verror < maxerrs) {
if(!(verror + vroerror))
pmsg_warning("verification mismatch\n");
imsg_error("device 0x%02x != input 0x%02x at addr 0x%04x (error)\n", buf1[i], buf2[i], i);
} else if(verror == maxerrs) {
imsg_warning("suppressing further verification errors\n");
}
verror++;
if(verbose < 1)
return -1;
} else {
// Mismatch is only in unused bits
if ((buf1[i] | bitmask) != 0xff) {
// Programmer returned unused bits as 0, must be the part/programmer
pmsg_warning("ignoring mismatch in unused bits of %s\n", memtype);
imsg_warning("(device 0x%02x != input 0x%02x); to prevent this warning fix\n", buf1[i], buf2[i]);
imsg_warning("the part or programmer definition in the config file\n");
} else {
// Programmer returned unused bits as 1, must be the user
pmsg_warning("ignoring mismatch in unused bits of %s\n", memtype);
imsg_warning("(device 0x%02x != input 0x%02x); to prevent this warning set\n", buf1[i], buf2[i]);
imsg_warning("unused bits to 1 when writing (double check with datasheet)\n");
}
}
}
}
return verror? -1: size;
}
int avr_get_cycle_count(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, int *cycles) {
AVRMEM * a;
unsigned int cycle_count = 0;
unsigned char v1;
int rc;
int i;
a = avr_locate_mem(p, "eeprom");
if (a == NULL) {
return -1;
}
for (i=4; i>0; i--) {
rc = pgm->read_byte(pgm, p, a, a->size-i, &v1);
if (rc < 0) {
pmsg_warning("cannot read memory for cycle count, rc=%d\n", rc);
return -1;
}
cycle_count = (cycle_count << 8) | v1;
}
/*
* If the EEPROM is erased, the cycle count reads 0xffffffff.
* In this case we return a cycle_count of zero.
* So, the calling function don't have to care about whether or not
* the cycle count was initialized.
*/
if (cycle_count == 0xffffffff) {
cycle_count = 0;
}
*cycles = (int) cycle_count;
return 0;
}
int avr_put_cycle_count(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p, int cycles) {
AVRMEM * a;
unsigned char v1;
int rc;
int i;
a = avr_locate_mem(p, "eeprom");
if (a == NULL) {
return -1;
}
for (i=1; i<=4; i++) {
v1 = cycles & 0xff;
cycles = cycles >> 8;
rc = avr_write_byte(pgm, p, a, a->size-i, v1);
if (rc < 0) {
pmsg_warning("cannot write memory for cycle count, rc=%d\n", rc);
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
// Typical order in which memories show in avrdude.conf, runtime adds unknown ones (if any)
const char *avr_mem_order[100] = {
"eeprom", "flash", "application", "apptable",
"boot", "lfuse", "hfuse", "efuse",
"fuse", "fuse0", "wdtcfg", "fuse1",
"bodcfg", "fuse2", "osccfg", "fuse3",
"fuse4", "tcd0cfg", "fuse5", "syscfg0",
"fuse6", "syscfg1", "fuse7", "append",
"codesize", "fuse8", "fuse9", "bootend",
"bootsize", "fuses", "lock", "lockbits",
"tempsense", "signature", "prodsig", "sernum",
"calibration", "osccal16", "osccal20", "osc16err",
"osc20err", "usersig", "userrow", "data",
};
void avr_add_mem_order(const char *str) {
for(size_t i=0; i < sizeof avr_mem_order/sizeof *avr_mem_order; i++) {
if(avr_mem_order[i] && !strcmp(avr_mem_order[i], str))
return;
if(!avr_mem_order[i]) {
avr_mem_order[i] = cfg_strdup("avr_mem_order()", str);
return;
}
}
pmsg_error("avr_mem_order[] under-dimensioned in avr.c; increase and recompile\n");
exit(1);
}
int avr_memtype_is_flash_type(const char *memtype) {
return memtype && (
strcmp(memtype, "flash") == 0 ||
strcmp(memtype, "application") == 0 ||
strcmp(memtype, "apptable") == 0 ||
strcmp(memtype, "boot") == 0);
}
int avr_mem_is_flash_type(const AVRMEM *mem) {
return avr_memtype_is_flash_type(mem->desc);
}
int avr_memtype_is_eeprom_type(const char *memtype) {
return memtype && strcmp(memtype, "eeprom") == 0;
}
int avr_mem_is_eeprom_type(const AVRMEM *mem) {
return avr_memtype_is_eeprom_type(mem->desc);
}
int avr_mem_is_known(const char *str) {
if(str && *str)
for(size_t i=0; i < sizeof avr_mem_order/sizeof *avr_mem_order; i++)
if(avr_mem_order[i] && !strcmp(avr_mem_order[i], str))
return 1;
return 0;
}
int avr_mem_might_be_known(const char *str) {
if(str && *str)
for(size_t i=0; i < sizeof avr_mem_order/sizeof *avr_mem_order; i++)
if(avr_mem_order[i] && !strncmp(avr_mem_order[i], str, strlen(str)))
return 1;
return 0;
}
int avr_chip_erase(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p) {
return pgm->chip_erase(pgm, p);
}
int avr_unlock(const PROGRAMMER *pgm, const AVRPART *p) {
int rc = -1;
if (pgm->unlock)
rc = pgm->unlock(pgm, p);
return rc;
}
/*
* Report the progress of a read or write operation from/to the device
*
* The first call of report_progress() should look like this (for a write):
*
* report_progress(0, 1, "Writing");
*
* Then hdr should be passed NULL on subsequent calls *
* report_progress(k, n, NULL); // k/n signifies proportion of work done
*
* with 0 <= k < n, while the operation is progressing. Once the operation is
* complete, a final call should be made as such to ensure proper termination
* of the progress report; choose one of the following three forms:
*
* report_progress(n, n, NULL); // finished OK, terminate with double \n
* report_progress(1, 0, NULL); // finished OK, do not print terminating \n
* report_progress(1, -1, NULL); // finished not OK, print double \n
*
* It is OK to call report_progress(1, -1, NULL) in a subroutine when
* encountering a fatal error to terminate the reporting here and there even
* though no report may have been started.
*/
void report_progress(int completed, int total, const char *hdr) {
static int last;
static double start_time;
int percent;
double t;
if (update_progress == NULL)
return;
percent =
completed >= total || total <= 0? 100:
completed < 0? 0:
completed < INT_MAX/100? 100*completed/total: completed/(total/100);
t = avr_timestamp();
if(hdr || !start_time)
start_time = t;
if(hdr || percent > last) {
last = percent;
update_progress(percent, t - start_time, hdr, total < 0? -1: !!total);
}
}
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