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avrdude
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avrdude/avr.c

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/*
* Copyright 2000 Brian S. Dean <bsd@bsdhome.com>
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY BRIAN S. DEAN ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL BRIAN S. DEAN BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
* OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
* BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
* USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
* DAMAGE.
*
*/
/* $Id$ */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "avr.h"
#include "ppi.h"
extern char * progname;
extern char progbuf[];
/* Need to add information for 2323, 2343, and 4414 */
struct avrpart parts[] = {
{ "AT90S1200", "1200", 1024, 64, 0xff, { 0x00, 0xff },
9000, 20000, 20000, NULL, NULL },
{ "AT90S2313", "2313", 2048, 128, 0x7f, { 0x80, 0x7f },
9000, 20000, 20000, NULL, NULL },
{ "AT90S2333", "2333", 2048, 128, 0xff, { 0x00, 0xff },
9000, 20000, 20000, NULL, NULL },
{ "AT90S4433", "4433", 4096, 256, 0xff, { 0x00, 0xff },
9000, 20000, 20000, NULL, NULL },
{ "AT90S4434", "4434", 4096, 256, 0xff, { 0x00, 0xff },
9000, 20000, 20000, NULL, NULL },
{ "AT90S8515", "8515", 8192, 512, 0x7f, { 0x80, 0x7f },
9000, 20000, 20000, NULL, NULL },
{ "AT90S8535", "8535", 8192, 512, 0xff, { 0x00, 0xff },
9000, 20000, 20000, NULL, NULL },
};
#define N_AVRPARTS (sizeof(parts)/sizeof(struct avrpart))
int avr_list_parts ( FILE * f, char * prefix )
{
int i;
for (i=0; i<N_AVRPARTS; i++) {
fprintf(f, "%s%s = %s\n",
prefix, parts[i].optiontag, parts[i].partdesc);
}
return i;
}
struct avrpart * avr_find_part ( char * p )
{
int i;
for (i=0; i<N_AVRPARTS; i++) {
if (strcmp(parts[i].optiontag, p)==0) {
return &parts[i];
}
}
return NULL;
}
/*
* transmit and receive a bit of data to/from the AVR device
*/
int avr_txrx_bit ( int fd, int bit )
{
int r;
/*
* read the result bit (it is either valid from a previous clock
* pulse or it is ignored in the current context)
*/
r = ppi_get(fd, PPISTATUS, AVR_DATA);
/* set the data input line as desired */
if (bit)
ppi_set(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_INSTR);
else
ppi_clr(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_INSTR);
/*
* pulse the clock line, clocking in the MOSI data, and clocking out
* the next result bit
*/
ppi_pulse(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_CLOCK);
return r;
}
/*
* transmit and receive a byte of data to/from the AVR device
*/
unsigned char avr_txrx ( int fd, unsigned char byte )
{
int i;
unsigned char r, b, rbyte;
rbyte = 0;
for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
b = (byte >> (7-i)) & 0x01;
r = avr_txrx_bit ( fd, b );
rbyte = rbyte | (r << (7-i));
}
return rbyte;
}
/*
* transmit an AVR device command and return the results; 'cmd' and
* 'res' must point to at least a 4 byte data buffer
*/
int avr_cmd ( int fd, unsigned char cmd[4], unsigned char res[4] )
{
int i;
for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
res[i] = avr_txrx(fd, cmd[i]);
}
return 0;
}
/*
* read a byte of data from the indicated memory region
*/
unsigned char avr_read_byte ( int fd, struct avrpart * p,
AVRMEM memtype, unsigned short addr )
{
unsigned char cmd[4];
unsigned char res[4];
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_FLASH_LO:
cmd[0] = 0x20;
break;
case AVR_FLASH_HI:
cmd[0] = 0x28;
break;
case AVR_EEPROM:
cmd[0] = 0xa0;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: avr_read_byte(); internal error: invalid memtype=%d\n",
progname, memtype);
exit(1);
break;
}
cmd[1] = addr >> 8; /* high order bits of address */
cmd[2] = addr & 0x0ff; /* low order bits of address */
cmd[3] = 0; /* don't care */
avr_cmd(fd, cmd, res);
return res[3];
}
/*
* read the entirety of the specified memory type into the
* corresponding buffer of the avrpart pointed to by 'p'.
*/
int avr_read ( int fd, struct avrpart * p, AVRMEM memtype )
{
unsigned char rbyte, memt;
unsigned short n, start, end, i, bi;
unsigned char * buf;
int bufsize;
start = 0;
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_FLASH :
memt = AVR_FLASH_LO;
buf = p->flash;
n = p->flash_size/2;
bufsize = p->flash_size;
break;
case AVR_EEPROM :
memt = memtype;
buf = p->eeprom;
n = p->eeprom_size;
bufsize = p->eeprom_size;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: avr_read(); internal error: invalid memtype=%d\n",
progname, memtype);
exit(1);
break;
}
end = start+n;
bi = 0;
for (i=start; i<end; i++) {
/* eeprom or low byte of flash */
rbyte = avr_read_byte(fd, p, memt, i);
fprintf ( stderr, " \r%4u 0x%02x", i, rbyte );
if (bi < bufsize) {
buf[bi++] = rbyte;
}
if (memtype == AVR_FLASH) {
/* flash high byte */
rbyte = avr_read_byte(fd, p, AVR_FLASH_HI, i);
fprintf ( stderr, " 0x%02x", rbyte );
if (bi < bufsize) {
buf[bi++] = rbyte;
}
}
}
fprintf ( stderr, "\n" );
return 0;
}
/*
* write a byte of data to the indicated memory region
*/
int avr_write_byte ( int fd, struct avrpart * p, AVRMEM memtype,
unsigned short addr, unsigned char data )
{
unsigned char cmd[4], res[4];
unsigned char r;
int ready;
int tries;
unsigned char b;
/*
* check to see if the write is necessary by reading the existing
* value and only write if we are changing the value
*/
b = avr_read_byte(fd, p, memtype, addr);
if (b == data) {
return 0;
}
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_FLASH_LO:
cmd[0] = 0x40;
break;
case AVR_FLASH_HI:
cmd[0] = 0x48;
break;
case AVR_EEPROM:
cmd[0] = 0xc0;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: avr_write_byte(); internal error: invalid memtype=%d\n",
progname, memtype);
exit(1);
break;
}
cmd[1] = addr >> 8; /* high order bits of address */
cmd[2] = addr & 0x0ff; /* low order bits of address */
cmd[3] = data; /* data */
avr_cmd(fd, cmd, res);
tries = 0;
ready = 0;
while (!ready) {
usleep(p->min_write_delay); /* typical flash/eeprom write delay */
r = avr_read_byte(fd, p, memtype, addr);
if ((data == p->f_readback) ||
(data == p->e_readback[0]) || (data == p->e_readback[1])) {
/*
* use an extra long delay when we happen to be writing values
* used for polled data read-back. In this case, polling
* doesn't work, and we need to delay the worst case write time
* specified for the chip.
*/
usleep(p->max_write_delay);
ready = 1;
}
else if (r == data) {
ready = 1;
}
tries++;
if (!ready && tries > 10) {
/*
* we couldn't write the data, indicate our displeasure by
* returning an error code
*/
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Write the whole memory region (flash or eeprom, specified by
* 'memtype') from the corresponding buffer of the avrpart pointed to
* by 'p'. All of the memory is updated, however, input data of 0xff
* is not actually written out, because empty flash and eeprom
* contains 0xff, and you can't actually write 1's, only 0's.
*/
int avr_write ( int fd, struct avrpart * p, AVRMEM memtype )
{
unsigned char data, memt;
unsigned short start, end, i, bi;
int nl;
int rc;
unsigned char * buf;
int bufsize;
start = 0;
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_FLASH :
buf = p->flash;
bufsize = p->flash_size;
end = start+bufsize/2;
memt = AVR_FLASH_LO;
break;
case AVR_EEPROM :
buf = p->eeprom;
bufsize = p->eeprom_size;
end = start+bufsize;
memt = memtype;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: avr_write(); internal error: invalid memtype=%d\n",
progname, memtype);
exit(1);
break;
}
bi = 0;
for (i=start; i<end; i++) {
/* eeprom or low byte of flash */
data = buf[bi++];
nl = 0;
rc = avr_write_byte(fd, p, memt, i, data );
fprintf(stderr, " \r%4u 0x%02x", i, data);
if (rc) {
fprintf(stderr, " ***failed; ");
nl = 1;
}
if (memtype == AVR_FLASH) {
/* high byte of flash */
data = buf[bi++];
rc = avr_write_byte(fd, p, AVR_FLASH_HI, i, data );
fprintf(stderr, " 0x%02x", data);
if (rc) {
fprintf(stderr, " ***failed; " );
nl = 1;
}
}
if (nl)
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}
fprintf ( stderr, "\n" );
return 0;
}
/*
* issue the 'program enable' command to the AVR device
*/
int avr_program_enable ( int fd )
{
unsigned char cmd[4] = {0xac, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00};
unsigned char res[4];
avr_cmd(fd, cmd, res);
if (res[2] != cmd[1])
return -1;
return 0;
}
/*
* issue the 'chip erase' command to the AVR device
*/
int avr_chip_erase ( int fd, struct avrpart * p )
{
unsigned char data[4] = {0xac, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00};
unsigned char res[4];
avr_cmd(fd, data, res);
usleep(p->chip_erase_delay);
avr_initialize(fd, p);
return 0;
}
/*
* read the AVR device's signature bytes
*/
int avr_signature ( int fd, unsigned char sig[4] )
{
unsigned char cmd[4] = {0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
unsigned char res[4];
int i;
for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
cmd[2] = i;
avr_cmd(fd, cmd, res);
sig[i] = res[3];
}
return 0;
}
/*
* apply power to the AVR processor
*/
void avr_powerup ( int fd )
{
ppi_set(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_POWER); /* power up */
usleep(100000);
}
/*
* remove power from the AVR processor
*/
void avr_powerdown ( int fd )
{
ppi_clr(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_POWER); /* power down */
}
/*
* initialize the AVR device and prepare it to accept commands
*/
int avr_initialize ( int fd, struct avrpart * p )
{
int rc;
int tries;
avr_powerup(fd);
ppi_clr(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_CLOCK);
ppi_clr(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_RESET);
ppi_pulse(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_RESET);
usleep(20000); /* 20 ms XXX should be a per-chip parameter */
/*
* Enable programming mode. If we are programming an AT90S1200, we
* can only issue the command and hope it worked. If we are using
* one of the other chips, the chip will echo 0x53 when issuing the
* third byte of the command. In this case, try up to 32 times in
* order to possibly get back into sync with the chip if we are out
* of sync.
*/
if (strcmp(p->partdesc, "AT90S1200")==0) {
avr_program_enable ( fd );
}
else {
tries = 0;
do {
rc = avr_program_enable ( fd );
if (rc == 0)
break;
ppi_pulse(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_CLOCK);
tries++;
} while (tries < 32);
/*
* can't sync with the device, maybe it's not attached?
*/
if (tries == 32) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: AVR device not responding\n", progname );
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
char * avr_memtstr ( AVRMEM memtype )
{
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_EEPROM : return "eeprom"; break;
case AVR_FLASH : return "flash"; break;
default : return "unknown-memtype"; break;
}
}
int avr_initmem ( struct avrpart * p )
{
p->flash = (unsigned char *) malloc(p->flash_size);
if (p->flash == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't alloc buffer for flash size of %d bytes\n",
progname, p->flash_size);
exit(1);
}
p->eeprom = (unsigned char *) malloc(p->eeprom_size);
if (p->eeprom == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't alloc buffer for eeprom size of %d bytes\n",
progname, p->eeprom_size);
exit(1);
}
return 0;
}
int avr_verify(struct avrpart * p, struct avrpart * v, AVRMEM memtype)
{
int i;
unsigned char * buf1, * buf2;
int size;
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_FLASH:
buf1 = p->flash;
buf2 = v->flash;
size = p->flash_size;
break;
case AVR_EEPROM:
buf1 = p->eeprom;
buf2 = v->eeprom;
size = p->eeprom_size;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid memory type = %d for data verification\n",
progname, memtype);
return -1;
}
for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
if (buf1[i] != buf2[i]) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: verification error, first mismatch at byte %d\n"
"%s0x%02x != 0x%02x\n",
progname, i,
progbuf, buf1[i], buf2[i]);
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
void avr_display ( FILE * f, struct avrpart * p, char * prefix )
{
fprintf(f,
"%sAVR Part = %s\n"
"%sFlash memory size = %d bytes\n"
"%sEEPROM memory size = %d bytes\n"
"%sMin/Max program delay = %d/%d us\n"
"%sChip Erase delay = %d us\n"
"%sFlash Polled Readback = 0x%02x\n"
"%sEEPROM Polled Readback = 0x%02x, 0x%02x\n",
prefix, p->partdesc,
prefix, p->flash_size,
prefix, p->eeprom_size,
prefix, p->min_write_delay, p->max_write_delay,
prefix, p->chip_erase_delay,
prefix, p->f_readback,
prefix, p->e_readback[0], p->e_readback[1]);
}
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