avr
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avrdude
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avrdude/avrprog.c

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/*
* Copyright 2000, Brian Dean
* All Rights Reserved.
*/
/* $Id$ */
/*
* Code to program an Atmel AVR device using the parallel port.
*
* Make the following connections:
*
* Pin 2 -> PB7(SCK) CLOCK IN (data bit 0)
* Pin 3 -> PB5(MOSI) Instruction input (data bit 1)
* Pin 4 -> /RESET (data bit 2)
* Pin 10 <- PB6(MISO) Data out (status bit 6)
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include </sys/dev/ppbus/ppi.h>
#include </sys/dev/ppbus/ppbconf.h>
#define PARALLEL "/dev/ppi0"
char * progname;
#define AVR_CLOCK 0x01 /* bit 0 of data register */
#define AVR_INSTR 0x02 /* bit 1 of data register */
#define AVR_RESET 0x04 /* bit 2 of data register */
#define AVR_DATA 0x40 /* bit 6 of status register */
enum {
PPIDATA,
PPICTRL,
PPISTATUS
};
enum {
AVR_EEPROM,
AVR_FLASH,
AVR_FLASH_LO,
AVR_FLASH_HI
};
int dprintf ( FILE * f, char * format, ... )
{
#if DEBUG
va_list ap;
int rc;
va_start(ap,format);
rc = vfprintf(f,format,ap);
va_end(ap);
return rc;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
int ppi_getops ( int reg, unsigned long * get, unsigned long * set )
{
switch (reg) {
case PPIDATA:
*set = PPISDATA;
*get = PPIGDATA;
break;
case PPICTRL:
*set = PPISCTRL;
*get = PPIGCTRL;
break;
case PPISTATUS:
*set = PPISSTATUS;
*get = PPIGSTATUS;
break;
default:
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: avr_set(): invalid register=%d\n",
progname, reg );
return -1;
break;
}
return 0;
}
int ppi_set ( int fd, int reg, int bit )
{
unsigned char v;
unsigned long get, set;
int rc;
rc = ppi_getops ( reg, &get, &set );
if (rc)
return -1;
ioctl(fd, get, &v);
v |= bit;
ioctl(fd, set, &v);
return 0;
}
int ppi_clr ( int fd, int reg, int bit )
{
unsigned char v;
unsigned long get, set;
int rc;
rc = ppi_getops ( reg, &get, &set );
if (rc)
return -1;
ioctl(fd, get, &v);
v &= ~bit;
ioctl(fd, set, &v);
return 0;
}
int ppi_get ( int fd, int reg, int bit )
{
unsigned char v;
unsigned long get, set;
int rc;
rc = ppi_getops ( reg, &get, &set );
if (rc)
return -1;
ioctl(fd, get, &v);
v &= bit;
return (v == bit);
}
int ppi_toggle ( int fd, int reg, int bit )
{
unsigned char v;
unsigned long get, set;
int rc;
rc = ppi_getops ( reg, &get, &set );
if (rc)
return -1;
ioctl(fd, get, &v);
v |= bit;
ioctl(fd, set, &v);
v &= ~bit;
ioctl(fd, set, &v);
return 0;
}
int avr_txrx_bit ( int fd, int bit )
{
unsigned char d;
int r;
ioctl(fd, PPIGDATA, &d);
r = ppi_get(fd, PPISTATUS, AVR_DATA);
if (bit)
ppi_set(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_INSTR);
else
ppi_clr(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_INSTR);
ppi_toggle(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_CLOCK);
return r;
}
unsigned char avr_txrx ( int fd, unsigned char byte )
{
int i;
unsigned char r, b, rbyte;
rbyte = 0;
for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
b = (byte >> (7-i)) & 0x01;
r = avr_txrx_bit ( fd, b );
rbyte = rbyte | (r << (7-i));
}
return rbyte;
}
unsigned char avr_read_byte ( int fd, unsigned short addr, int memtype )
{
unsigned char r;
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_FLASH_LO:
avr_txrx(fd, 0x20);
break;
case AVR_FLASH_HI:
avr_txrx(fd, 0x28);
break;
case AVR_EEPROM:
avr_txrx(fd, 0xa0);
addr &= 0x7f;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: avr_read_byte(); internal error: invalid memtype=%d\n",
progname, memtype);
exit(1);
break;
}
avr_txrx(fd, addr >> 8); /* high order bits of address */
avr_txrx(fd, addr & 0x0ff); /* low order bits of address */
r = avr_txrx(fd, 0); /* don't care */
return r;
}
int avr_read ( int fd, int memtype, unsigned start, unsigned n,
unsigned char * buf, int bufsize )
{
unsigned char rbyte;
unsigned short data;
unsigned short end, i, bi;
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_FLASH :
case AVR_EEPROM :
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: avr_read(); internal error: invalid memtype=%d\n",
progname, memtype);
exit(1);
break;
}
end = start+n;
bi = 0;
for (i=start; i<end; i++) {
if (memtype == AVR_FLASH) {
rbyte = avr_read_byte(fd, i, AVR_FLASH_LO); /* flash low byte */
fprintf ( stderr, " \r%4u 0x%02x", i, rbyte );
data = rbyte;
if (bi < bufsize) {
buf[bi++] = rbyte;
}
rbyte = avr_read_byte(fd, i, AVR_FLASH_HI); /* flash high byte */
fprintf ( stderr, " 0x%02x", rbyte );
data |= (rbyte << 8);
if (bi < bufsize) {
buf[bi++] = rbyte;
}
}
else {
rbyte = avr_read_byte(fd, i, memtype); /* eeprom byte */
fprintf ( stderr, " \r%4u 0x%02x", i, rbyte );
if (bi < bufsize) {
buf[bi++] = rbyte;
}
}
}
fprintf ( stderr, "\n" );
return 0;
}
int avr_write_byte ( int fd, int memtype, unsigned short addr, unsigned char data )
{
unsigned char r;
int ready;
int tries;
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_FLASH_LO:
avr_txrx(fd, 0x40);
break;
case AVR_FLASH_HI:
avr_txrx(fd, 0x48);
break;
case AVR_EEPROM:
avr_txrx(fd, 0xc0);
addr &= 0x7f;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: avr_write_byte(); internal error: invalid memtype=%d\n",
progname, memtype);
exit(1);
break;
}
avr_txrx(fd, addr >> 8); /* high order bits of address */
avr_txrx(fd, addr & 0x0ff); /* low order bits of address */
avr_txrx(fd, data); /* data */
tries = 0;
ready = 0;
while (!ready) {
usleep(5000); /* flash write delay */
r = avr_read_byte ( fd, addr, memtype );
if (data == 0x7f) {
usleep(20000);
ready = 1;
}
else if (r == data) {
ready = 1;
}
tries++;
if (!ready && tries > 10) {
fprintf(stderr, "**" );
ready = 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
int avr_write ( int fd, int memtype, unsigned start,
unsigned char * buf, int size )
{
unsigned char data;
unsigned short end, i, bi;
switch (memtype) {
case AVR_FLASH :
end = start+size/2;
break;
case AVR_EEPROM :
end = start+size;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: avr_write(); internal error: invalid memtype=%d\n",
progname, memtype);
exit(1);
break;
}
bi = 0;
for (i=start; i<end; i++) {
if (memtype == AVR_FLASH) {
/* low byte */
data = buf[bi++];
avr_write_byte(fd, AVR_FLASH_LO, i, data );
fprintf ( stderr, " \r%4u 0x%02x", i, data );
/* high byte */
data = buf[bi++];
avr_write_byte(fd, AVR_FLASH_HI, i, data );
fprintf ( stderr, " 0x%02x", data );
}
else {
data = buf[bi++];
avr_write_byte(fd, memtype, i, data );
fprintf ( stderr, " \r%4u 0x%02x", i, data );
}
}
fprintf ( stderr, "\n" );
return 0;
}
int avr_program_enable ( int fd )
{
unsigned char data[4] = {0xac, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00};
unsigned char byte, rbyte;
int avrok;
int i;
avrok = 0;
for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
byte = data[i];
rbyte = avr_txrx ( fd, byte );
if (i == 2) {
if (rbyte == data[1])
avrok = 1;
}
}
if (!avrok)
return -1;
return 0;
}
int avr_chip_erase ( int fd )
{
unsigned char data[4] = {0xac, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00};
int i;
for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
avr_txrx ( fd, data[i] );
}
usleep(20000);
return 0;
}
int avr_initialize ( int fd )
{
int rc;
int tries;
ppi_clr(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_CLOCK);
ppi_clr(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_RESET);
ppi_toggle(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_RESET);
usleep(20000); /* 20 ms */
tries = 0;
do {
rc = avr_program_enable ( fd );
if (rc == 0)
break;
ppi_toggle(fd, PPIDATA, AVR_CLOCK);
tries++;
} while (tries < 32);
if (tries == 32) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: AVR device not responding\n", progname );
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int ppi_sense_test ( int fd )
{
unsigned char v, pv;
pv = 1;
do {
v = ppi_get(fd, PPISTATUS, AVR_DATA);
if (v != pv) {
fprintf ( stderr, "PPISTATUS bit = %d\n", v );
}
pv = v;
} while(1);
return 0;
}
/* vars for getopt() */
char *optarg;
int optind;
int optopt;
int opterr;
int optreset;
void usage ( void )
{
fprintf ( stderr,
"\nUsage: %s [-r] [-e|-f] [-u InputFile|-o Outputfile]\n"
"\n"
" Available Options:\n"
" -r : erase the flash and eeprom (required before programming)\n"
" -e : select eeprom for reading or writing\n"
" -f : select flash for reading or writing\n"
" -u InputFile : write data from this file\n"
" -o OutputFile : write data to this file\n"
"\n",
progname );
}
int main ( int argc, char * argv [] )
{
int fd;
int rc;
unsigned char buf[2048];
int ch;
int iofd;
int flash, eeprom, doread, erase;
int size;
char * outputf;
char * inputf;
iofd = -1;
outputf = NULL;
inputf = NULL;
doread = 1;
eeprom = 0;
flash = 0;
erase = 0;
progname = rindex(argv[0],'/');
if (progname)
progname++;
else
progname = argv[0];
if (argc == 1) {
usage();
return 0;
}
while ((ch = getopt(argc,argv,"?efo:ru:")) != -1) {
switch (ch) {
case 'e':
if (flash) {
fprintf(stderr,"%s: -e and -f are incompatible\n", progname);
return 1;
}
eeprom = 1;
break;
case 'r':
erase = 1;
break;
case 'f':
if (eeprom) {
fprintf(stderr,"%s: -e and -f are incompatible\n", progname);
return 1;
}
flash = 1;
break;
case 'o':
if (inputf) {
fprintf(stderr,"%s: -o and -u are incompatible\n", progname);
return 1;
}
doread = 1;
outputf = optarg;
if (strcmp(outputf,"-")==0) {
iofd = fileno(stdout);
}
else {
iofd = open ( outputf, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,
S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH);
if (iofd < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open output file \"%s\": %s\n",
progname, outputf, strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
}
break;
case 'u':
if (outputf) {
fprintf(stderr,"%s: -o and -u are incompatible\n", progname);
return 1;
}
doread = 0;
inputf = optarg;
iofd = open ( inputf, O_RDONLY, 0);
if (iofd < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open input file \"%s\": %s\n",
progname, inputf, strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
break;
case '?':
usage();
return 1;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid option -%c\n", progname, ch);
usage();
return 1;
break;
}
}
fd = open ( PARALLEL, O_RDWR );
if (fd < 0) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: can't open device \"%s\": %s\n",
progname, PARALLEL, strerror(errno) );
return 1;
}
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: initializing\n", progname );
rc = avr_initialize(fd);
if (rc < 0) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: initialization failed, rc=%d\n", progname, rc );
return 1;
}
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions\n",
progname );
if (erase) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: erasing chip\n", progname );
avr_chip_erase(fd);
avr_initialize(fd);
fprintf(stderr, "%s: done.\n", progname );
}
if (iofd < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: you must specify an input or an output file\n",
progname);
return 1;
}
if (!(eeprom||flash)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: please specify either the eeprom (-e) or the flash (-f) memory\n",
progname);
return 1;
}
if (doread) {
/*
* read device memory
*/
if (flash) {
size = 2048;
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: reading flash memory:\n", progname );
rc = avr_read ( fd, AVR_FLASH, 0, size/2, buf, size );
if (rc) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: failed to read all of flash memory, rc=%d\n",
progname, rc );
return 1;
}
}
else if (eeprom) {
size = 128;
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: reading eeprom memory:\n", progname );
rc = avr_read ( fd, AVR_EEPROM, 0, size, buf, size );
if (rc) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: failed to read all of eeprom memory, rc=%d\n",
progname, rc );
return 1;
}
}
rc = write ( iofd, buf, size );
if (rc < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: write error: %s\n", progname, strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
else if (rc != size) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: wrote only %d bytes of the expected %d\n",
progname, rc, size);
return 1;
}
}
else {
/*
* write device memory
*/
if (flash) {
size = 2048;
}
else if (eeprom) {
size = 128;
}
/* read in the data file */
rc = read(iofd, buf, size);
if (rc < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: read error from \"%s\": %s\n",
progname, inputf, strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
else if (rc != size) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: read only %d bytes of the expected %d from \"%s\"\n",
progname, rc, size, inputf);
return 1;
}
if (flash) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: writing flash memory:\n", progname );
rc = avr_write ( fd, AVR_FLASH, 0, buf, size );
if (rc) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: failed to write flash memory, rc=%d\n",
progname, rc );
return 1;
}
}
else if (eeprom) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: writing eeprom memory:\n", progname );
rc = avr_write ( fd, AVR_EEPROM, 0, buf, size );
if (rc) {
fprintf ( stderr, "%s: failed to write eeprom memory, rc=%d\n",
progname, rc );
return 1;
}
}
}
close(fd);
close(iofd);
return 0;
}
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