1081 lines
34 KiB
Groff
1081 lines
34 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" avrdude - A Downloader/Uploader for AVR device programmers
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.\" Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 - 2011 Joerg Wunsch
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.\"
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.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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.\" (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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.\" Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" $Id$
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.\"
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.Dd DATE August 17, 2011
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.Os
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.Dt AVRDUDE 1
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm avrdude
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.Nd driver program for ``simple'' Atmel AVR MCU programmer
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Fl p Ar partno
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.Op Fl b Ar baudrate
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.Op Fl B Ar bitclock
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.Op Fl c Ar programmer-id
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.Op Fl C Ar config-file
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.Op Fl D
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.Op Fl e
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.Oo Fl E Ar exitspec Ns
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.Op \&, Ns Ar exitspec
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.Oc
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.Op Fl F
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.Op Fl i Ar delay
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.Op Fl n
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.Op Fl O
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.Op Fl P Ar port
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.Op Fl q
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Fl t
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl U Ar memtype:op:filename:filefmt
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.Op Fl v
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.Op Fl x Ar extended_param
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.Op Fl V
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.Op Fl y
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.Op Fl Y
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Avrdude
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is a program for downloading code and data to Atmel AVR
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microcontrollers.
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.Nm Avrdude
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supports Atmel's STK500 programmer,
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Atmel's AVRISP and AVRISP mkII devices,
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Atmel's STK600,
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Atmel's JTAG ICE (both mkI and mkII, the latter also in ISP mode),
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programmers complying to AppNote AVR910 and AVR109 (including the Butterfly),
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as well as a simple hard-wired
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programmer connected directly to a
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.Xr ppi 4
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or
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.Xr parport 4
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parallel port, or to a standard serial port.
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In the simplest case, the hardware consists just of a
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cable connecting the respective AVR signal lines to the parallel port.
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.Pp
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The MCU is programmed in
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.Em serial programming mode ,
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so, for the
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.Xr ppi 4
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based programmer, the MCU signals
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.Ql /RESET ,
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.Ql SCK ,
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.Ql MISO
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and
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.Ql MOSI
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need to be connected to the parallel port. Optionally, some otherwise
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unused output pins of the parallel port can be used to supply power
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for the MCU part, so it is also possible to construct a passive
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stand-alone programming device. Some status LEDs indicating the
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current operating state of the programmer can be connected, and a
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signal is available to control a buffer/driver IC 74LS367 (or
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74HCT367). The latter can be useful to decouple the parallel port
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from the MCU when in-system programming is used.
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.Pp
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A number of equally simple bit-bang programming adapters that connect
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to a serial port are supported as well, among them the popular
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Ponyprog serial adapter, and the DASA and DASA3 adapters that used to
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be supported by uisp(1).
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Note that these adapters are meant to be attached to a physical serial
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port.
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Connecting to a serial port emulated on top of USB is likely to not
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work at all, or to work abysmally slow.
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.Pp
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Atmel's STK500 programmer is also supported and connects to a serial
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port.
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Both, firmware versions 1.x and 2.x can be handled, but require a
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different programmer type specification (by now).
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Using firmware version 2, high-voltage programming is also supported,
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both parallel and serial
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(programmer types stk500pp and stk500hvsp).
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.Pp
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Wiring boards are supported, utilizing STK500 V2.x protocol, but
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a simple DTR/RTS toggle is used to set the boards into programming mode.
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The programmer type is ``wiring''.
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.Pp
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The Arduino (which is very similar to the STK500 1.x) is supported via
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its own programmer type specification ``arduino''.
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.Pp
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The BusPirate is a versatile tool that can also be used as an AVR programmer.
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A single BusPirate can be connected to up to 3 independent AVRs. See
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the section on
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.Em extended parameters
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below for details.
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.Pp
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Atmel's STK600 programmer is supported in ISP and high-voltage
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programming modes, and connects through the USB.
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For ATxmega devices, the STK600 is supported in PDI mode.
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For ATtiny4/5/9/10 devices, the STK600 and AVRISP mkII are supported in TPI mode.
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.Pp
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The simple serial programmer described in Atmel's application note
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AVR910, and the bootloader described in Atmel's application note
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AVR109 (which is also used by the AVR Butterfly evaluation board), are
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supported on a serial port.
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.Pp
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Atmel's JTAG ICE (both mkI and mkII) is supported as well to up- or download memory
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areas from/to an AVR target (no support for on-chip debugging).
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For the JTAG ICE mkII, JTAG, debugWire and ISP mode are supported, provided
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it has a firmware revision of at least 4.14 (decimal).
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See below for the limitations of debugWire.
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For ATxmega devices, the JTAG ICE mkII is supported in PDI mode, provided it
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has a revision 1 hardware and firmware version of at least 5.37 (decimal).
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.Pp
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The AVR Dragon is supported in all modes (ISP, JTAG, HVSP, PP, debugWire).
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When used in JTAG and debugWire mode, the AVR Dragon behaves similar to a
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JTAG ICE mkII, so all device-specific comments for that device
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will apply as well.
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When used in ISP mode, the AVR Dragon behaves similar to an
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AVRISP mkII (or JTAG ICE mkII in ISP mode), so all device-specific
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comments will apply there.
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In particular, the Dragon starts out with a rather fast ISP clock
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frequency, so the
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.Fl B Ar bitclock
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option might be required to achieve a stable ISP communication.
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For ATxmega devices, the AVR Dragon is supported in PDI mode, provided it
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has a firmware version of at least 6.11 (decimal).
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.Pp
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The avrftdi, USBasp ISP and USBtinyISP adapters are also supported, provided
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.Nm avrdude
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has been compiled with libusb support.
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USBasp ISP and USBtinyISP both feature simple firmware-only USB implementations,
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running on an ATmega8 (or ATmega88), or ATtiny2313, respectively. If libftdi has
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has been compiled in
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.Nm avrdude ,
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the avrftdi device adds support for many programmers using FTDI's 2232C/D/H
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and 4232H parts running in MPSSE mode, which hard-codes (in the chip)
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SCK to bit 1, MOSI to bit 2, and MISO to bit 3. Reset is usually bit 4.
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.Pp
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Input files can be provided, and output files can be written in
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different file formats, such as raw binary files containing the data
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to download to the chip, Intel hex format, or Motorola S-record
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format. There are a number of tools available to produce those files,
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like
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.Xr asl 1
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as a standalone assembler, or
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.Xr avr-objcopy 1
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for the final stage of the GNU toolchain for the AVR microcontroller.
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.Pp
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.Nm Avrdude
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can program the EEPROM and flash ROM memory cells of supported AVR
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parts. Where supported by the serial instruction set, fuse bits and
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lock bits can be programmed as well. These are implemented within
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.Nm
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as separate memory types and can be programmed using data from a file
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(see the
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.Fl m
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option) or from terminal mode (see the
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.Ar dump
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and
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.Ar write
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commands). It is also possible to read the chip (provided it has not
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been code-protected previously, of course) and store the data in a
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file. Finally, a ``terminal'' mode is available that allows one to
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interactively communicate with the MCU, and to display or program
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individual memory cells.
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On the STK500 and STK600 programmer, several operational parameters (target supply
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voltage, target Aref voltage, master clock) can be examined and changed
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from within terminal mode as well.
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.Ss Options
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In order to control all the different operation modi, a number of options
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need to be specified to
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.Nm avrdude .
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
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.It Fl p Ar partno
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This is the only option that is mandatory for every invocation of
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.Nm avrdude .
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It specifies the type of the MCU connected to the programmer. These are read from the config file. If
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.Nm avrdude
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does not know about a part that you have, simply add it to the config
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file (be sure and submit a patch back to the author so that it can be
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incorporated for the next version). See the sample config file for
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the format. Currently, the following MCU types are understood:
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.Pp
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.TS
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ll.
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\fBOption tag\fP \fBOfficial part name\fP
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1200 AT90S1200
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2313 AT90S2313
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2333 AT90S2333
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2343 AT90S2343 (*)
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4414 AT90S4414
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4433 AT90S4433
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4434 AT90S4434
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8515 AT90S8515
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8535 AT90S8535
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c128 AT90CAN128
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c32 AT90CAN32
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c64 AT90CAN64
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m103 ATmega103
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m128 ATmega128
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m1280 ATmega1280
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m1281 ATmega1281
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m1284p ATmega1284P
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m128rfa1 ATmega128RFA1
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m16 ATmega16
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m161 ATmega161
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m162 ATmega162
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m163 ATmega163
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m164 ATmega164
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m164p ATmega164P
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m168 ATmega168
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m169 ATmega169
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m2560 ATmega2560 (**)
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m2561 ATmega2561 (**)
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m32 ATmega32
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m324p ATmega324P
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m325 ATmega325
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m3250 ATmega3250
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m328p ATmega328P
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m329 ATmega329
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m3290 ATmega3290
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m329p ATmega329P
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m3290p ATmega3290P
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m32u4 ATmega32U4
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m48 ATmega48
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m64 ATmega64
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m640 ATmega640
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m644p ATmega644P
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m644 ATmega644
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m645 ATmega645
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m6450 ATmega6450
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m649 ATmega649
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m6490 ATmega6490
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m8 ATmega8
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m8515 ATmega8515
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m8535 ATmega8535
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m88 ATmega88
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pwm2 AT90PWM2
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pwm2b AT90PWM2B
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pwm3 AT90PWM3
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pwm3b AT90PWM3B
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t10 ATtiny10
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t12 ATtiny12 (***)
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t13 ATtiny13
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t15 ATtiny15
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t2313 ATtiny2313
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t25 ATtiny25
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t26 ATtiny26
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t261 ATtiny261
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t4 ATtiny4
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t44 ATtiny44
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t45 ATtiny45
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t461 ATtiny461
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t5 ATtiny5
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t84 ATtiny84
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t85 ATtiny85
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t861 ATtiny861
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t88 ATtiny88
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t9 ATtiny9
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ucr2 AT32uca0512
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usb1286 ATmega1286
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usb1287 ATmega1287
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usb162 ATmega162
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usb646 ATmega647
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usb647 ATmega647
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usb82 ATmega82
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x128a1 ATxmega128A1
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x128a1d ATxmega128A1revD
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x128a3 ATxmega128A3
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x128a4 ATxmega128A4
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x16a4 ATxmega16A4
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x192a1 ATxmega192A1
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x192a3 ATxmega192A3
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x256a1 ATxmega256A1
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x256a3 ATxmega256A3
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x256a3b ATxmega256A3B
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x32a4 ATxmega32A4
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x64a1 ATxmega64A1
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x64a3 ATxmega64A3
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x64a4 ATxmega64A4
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.TE
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.Bl -tag -width "(**) "
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.It "(*)"
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The AT90S2323 and ATtiny22 use the same algorithm.
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.It "(**)"
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Flash addressing above 128 KB is not supported by all
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programming hardware. Known to work are jtag2, stk500v2,
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and bit-bang programmers.
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.It "(***)"
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The ATtiny11 uses the same algorithm, but can only be
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programmed in high-voltage serial mode.
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.El
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.It Fl b Ar baudrate
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Override the RS-232 connection baud rate specified in the respective
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programmer's entry of the configuration file.
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.It Fl B Ar bitclock
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Specify the bit clock period for the JTAG interface or the ISP clock (JTAG ICE only).
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The value is a floating-point number in microseconds.
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The default value of the JTAG ICE results in about 1 microsecond bit
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clock period, suitable for target MCUs running at 4 MHz clock and
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above.
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Unlike certain parameters in the STK500, the JTAG ICE resets all its
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parameters to default values when the programming software signs
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off from the ICE, so for MCUs running at lower clock speeds, this
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parameter must be specified on the command-line.
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You can use the 'default_bitclock' keyword in your
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.Pa ${HOME}/.avrduderc
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file to assign a default value to keep from having to specify this
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option on every invocation.
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.It Fl c Ar programmer-id
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Use the pin configuration specified by the argument. Pin
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configurations are read from the config file (see the
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.Fl C
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option). New pin configurations can be easily added or modified
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through the use of a config file to make
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.Nm avrdude
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work with different programmers as long as the programmer supports the
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Atmel AVR serial program method. You can use the 'default_programmer'
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keyword in your
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.Pa ${HOME}/.avrduderc
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file to assign a default programmer to keep from having to specify
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this option on every invocation.
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.It Fl C Ar config-file
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Use the specified config file to load configuration data. This file
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contains all programmer and part definitions that
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.Nm avrdude
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knows about. If you have a programmer or part that
|
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.Nm avrdude
|
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does not know about, you can add it to the config file (be sure and
|
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submit a patch back to the author so that it can be incorporated for
|
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the next version). See the config file, located at
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.Pa ${PREFIX}/etc/avrdude.conf ,
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which contains a description of the format.
|
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.It Fl D
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Disable auto erase for flash. When the
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.Fl U
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option with flash memory is specified,
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.Nm
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will perform a chip erase before starting any of the programming
|
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operations, since it generally is a mistake to program the flash
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without performing an erase first. This option disables that.
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Auto erase is not used for ATxmega devices as these devices can
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use page erase before writing each page so no explicit chip erase
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is required.
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Note however that any page not affected by the current operation
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will retain its previous contents.
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.It Fl e
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Causes a chip erase to be executed. This will reset the contents of the
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flash ROM and EEPROM to the value
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.Ql 0xff ,
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and clear all lock bits.
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|
Except for ATxmega devices which can use page erase,
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it is basically a prerequisite command before the flash ROM can be
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reprogrammed again. The only exception would be if the new
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contents would exclusively cause bits to be programmed from the value
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.Ql 1
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to
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.Ql 0 .
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|
Note that in order to reprogram EERPOM cells, no explicit prior chip
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erase is required since the MCU provides an auto-erase cycle in that
|
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case before programming the cell.
|
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.It Xo Fl E Ar exitspec Ns
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.Op \&, Ns Ar exitspec
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.Xc
|
|
By default,
|
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.Nm
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|
leaves the parallel port in the same state at exit as it has been
|
|
found at startup. This option modifies the state of the
|
|
.Ql /RESET
|
|
and
|
|
.Ql Vcc
|
|
lines the parallel port is left at, according to the
|
|
.Ar exitspec
|
|
arguments provided, as follows:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width noreset
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|
.It Ar reset
|
|
The
|
|
.Ql /RESET
|
|
signal will be left activated at program exit, that is it will be held
|
|
.Em low ,
|
|
in order to keep the MCU in reset state afterwards. Note in particular
|
|
that the programming algorithm for the AT90S1200 device mandates that
|
|
the
|
|
.Ql /RESET
|
|
signal is active
|
|
.Em before
|
|
powering up the MCU, so in case an external power supply is used for this
|
|
MCU type, a previous invocation of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
with this option specified is one of the possible ways to guarantee this
|
|
condition.
|
|
.It Ar noreset
|
|
The
|
|
.Ql /RESET
|
|
line will be deactivated at program exit, thus allowing the MCU target
|
|
program to run while the programming hardware remains connected.
|
|
.It Ar vcc
|
|
This option will leave those parallel port pins active
|
|
.Pq \&i. \&e. Em high
|
|
that can be used to supply
|
|
.Ql Vcc
|
|
power to the MCU.
|
|
.It Ar novcc
|
|
This option will pull the
|
|
.Ql Vcc
|
|
pins of the parallel port down at program exit.
|
|
.It Ar d_high
|
|
This option will leave the 8 data pins on the parallel port active.
|
|
.Pq \&i. \&e. Em high
|
|
.It Ar d_low
|
|
This option will leave the 8 data pins on the parallel port inactive.
|
|
.Pq \&i. \&e. Em low
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Multiple
|
|
.Ar exitspec
|
|
arguments can be separated with commas.
|
|
.It Fl F
|
|
Normally,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
tries to verify that the device signature read from the part is
|
|
reasonable before continuing. Since it can happen from time to time
|
|
that a device has a broken (erased or overwritten) device signature
|
|
but is otherwise operating normally, this options is provided to
|
|
override the check.
|
|
Also, for programmers like the Atmel STK500 and STK600 which can
|
|
adjust parameters local to the programming tool (independent of an
|
|
actual connection to a target controller), this option can be used
|
|
together with
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
to continue in terminal mode.
|
|
.It Fl i Ar delay
|
|
For bitbang-type programmers, delay for approximately
|
|
.Ar delay
|
|
microseconds between each bit state change.
|
|
If the host system is very fast, or the target runs off a slow clock
|
|
(like a 32 kHz crystal, or the 128 kHz internal RC oscillator), this
|
|
can become necessary to satisfy the requirement that the ISP clock
|
|
frequency must not be higher than 1/4 of the CPU clock frequency.
|
|
This is implemented as a spin-loop delay to allow even for very
|
|
short delays.
|
|
On Unix-style operating systems, the spin loop is initially calibrated
|
|
against a system timer, so the number of microseconds might be rather
|
|
realistic, assuming a constant system load while
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is running.
|
|
On Win32 operating systems, a preconfigured number of cycles per
|
|
microsecond is assumed that might be off a bit for very fast or very
|
|
slow machines.
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
No-write - disables actually writing data to the MCU (useful for debugging
|
|
.Nm avrdude
|
|
).
|
|
.It Fl O
|
|
Perform a RC oscillator run-time calibration according to Atmel
|
|
application note AVR053.
|
|
This is only supported on the STK500v2, AVRISP mkII, and JTAG ICE mkII
|
|
hardware.
|
|
Note that the result will be stored in the EEPROM cell at address 0.
|
|
.It Fl P Ar port
|
|
Use
|
|
.Ar port
|
|
to identify the device to which the programmer is attached. By
|
|
default the
|
|
.Pa /dev/ppi0
|
|
port is used, but if the programmer type normally connects to the
|
|
serial port, the
|
|
.Pa /dev/cuaa0
|
|
port is the default. If you need to use a different parallel or
|
|
serial port, use this option to specify the alternate port name.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
On Win32 operating systems, the parallel ports are referred to as lpt1
|
|
through lpt3, referring to the addresses 0x378, 0x278, and 0x3BC,
|
|
respectively. If the parallel port can be accessed through a different
|
|
address, this address can be specified directly, using the common C
|
|
language notation (i. e., hexadecimal values are prefixed by
|
|
.Ql 0x
|
|
).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the JTAG ICE mkII, if
|
|
.Nm
|
|
has been configured with libusb support,
|
|
.Ar port
|
|
can alternatively be specified as
|
|
.Pa usb Ns Op \&: Ns Ar serialno .
|
|
This will cause
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to search a JTAG ICE mkII on USB.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar serialno
|
|
is also specified, it will be matched against the serial number read
|
|
from any JTAG ICE mkII found on USB.
|
|
The match is done after stripping any existing colons from the given
|
|
serial number, and right-to-left, so only the least significant bytes
|
|
from the serial number need to be given.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As the AVRISP mkII device can only be talked to over USB, the very
|
|
same method of specifying the port is required there.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the USB programmer "AVR-Doper" running in HID mode, the port must
|
|
be specified as
|
|
.Ar avrdoper.
|
|
Libusb support is required on Unix but not on Windows. For more
|
|
information about AVR-Doper see http://www.obdev.at/avrusb/avrdoper.html.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the USBtinyISP, which is a simplicistic device not implementing
|
|
serial numbers, multiple devices can be distinguished by their
|
|
location in the USB hierarchy. See the the respective
|
|
.Em Troubleshooting
|
|
entry in the detailed documentation for examples.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For programmers that attach to a serial port using some kind of
|
|
higher level protocol (as opposed to bit-bang style programmers),
|
|
.Ar port
|
|
can be specified as
|
|
.Pa net Ns \&: Ns Ar host Ns \&: Ns Ar port .
|
|
In this case, instead of trying to open a local device, a TCP
|
|
network connection to (TCP)
|
|
.Ar port
|
|
on
|
|
.Ar host
|
|
is established.
|
|
The remote endpoint is assumed to be a terminal or console server
|
|
that connects the network stream to a local serial port where the
|
|
actual programmer has been attached to.
|
|
The port is assumed to be properly configured, for example using a
|
|
transparent 8-bit data connection without parity at 115200 Baud
|
|
for a STK500.
|
|
.Em This feature is currently not implemented for Win32 systems.
|
|
.It Fl q
|
|
Disable (or quell) output of the progress bar while reading or writing
|
|
to the device. Specify it a second time for even quieter operation.
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
Disable safemode prompting. When safemode discovers that one or more
|
|
fuse bits have unintentionally changed, it will prompt for
|
|
confirmation regarding whether or not it should attempt to recover the
|
|
fuse bit(s). Specifying this flag disables the prompt and assumes
|
|
that the fuse bit(s) should be recovered without asking for
|
|
confirmation first.
|
|
.It Fl t
|
|
Tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to enter the interactive ``terminal'' mode instead of up- or downloading
|
|
files. See below for a detailed description of the terminal mode.
|
|
.It Fl u
|
|
Disable the safemode fuse bit checks. Safemode is enabled by default
|
|
and is intended to prevent unintentional fuse bit changes. When
|
|
enabled, safemode will issue a warning if the any fuse bits are found
|
|
to be different at program exit than they were when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
was invoked. Safemode won't alter fuse bits itself, but rather will
|
|
prompt for instructions, unless the terminal is non-interactive, in
|
|
which case safemode is disabled. See the
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
option to disable safemode prompting.
|
|
.It Xo Fl U Ar memtype Ns
|
|
.Ar \&: Ns Ar op Ns
|
|
.Ar \&: Ns Ar filename Ns
|
|
.Op \&: Ns Ar format
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Perform a memory operation as indicated. The
|
|
.Ar memtype
|
|
field specifies the memory type to operate on.
|
|
The available memory types are device-dependent, the actual
|
|
configuration can be viewed with the
|
|
.Cm part
|
|
command in terminal mode.
|
|
Typically, a device's memory configuration at least contains
|
|
the memory types
|
|
.Ar flash
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar eeprom .
|
|
All memory types currently known are:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "calibration" -compact
|
|
.It calibration
|
|
One or more bytes of RC oscillator calibration data.
|
|
.It eeprom
|
|
The EEPROM of the device.
|
|
.It efuse
|
|
The extended fuse byte.
|
|
.It flash
|
|
The flash ROM of the device.
|
|
.It fuse
|
|
The fuse byte in devices that have only a single fuse byte.
|
|
.It hfuse
|
|
The high fuse byte.
|
|
.It lfuse
|
|
The low fuse byte.
|
|
.It lock
|
|
The lock byte.
|
|
.It signature
|
|
The three device signature bytes (device ID).
|
|
.It fuse Ns Em N
|
|
The fuse bytes of ATxmega devices,
|
|
.Em N
|
|
is an integer number
|
|
for each fuse supported by the device.
|
|
.It application
|
|
The application flash area of ATxmega devices.
|
|
.It apptable
|
|
The application table flash area of ATxmega devices.
|
|
.It boot
|
|
The boot flash area of ATxmega devices.
|
|
.It prodsig
|
|
The production signature (calibration) area of ATxmega devices.
|
|
.It usersig
|
|
The user signature area of ATxmega devices.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar op
|
|
field specifies what operation to perform:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width noreset
|
|
.It Ar r
|
|
read device memory and write to the specified file
|
|
.It Ar w
|
|
read data from the specified file and write to the device memory
|
|
.It Ar v
|
|
read data from both the device and the specified file and perform a verify
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar filename
|
|
field indicates the name of the file to read or write.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar format
|
|
field is optional and contains the format of the file to read or
|
|
write.
|
|
.Ar Format
|
|
can be one of:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width sss
|
|
.It Ar i
|
|
Intel Hex
|
|
.It Ar s
|
|
Motorola S-record
|
|
.It Ar r
|
|
raw binary; little-endian byte order, in the case of the flash ROM data
|
|
.It Ar m
|
|
immediate; actual byte values specified on the command line, separated
|
|
by commas or spaces. This is good for programming fuse bytes without
|
|
having to create a single-byte file or enter terminal mode.
|
|
.It Ar a
|
|
auto detect; valid for input only, and only if the input is not
|
|
provided at
|
|
.Em stdin .
|
|
.It Ar d
|
|
decimal; this and the following formats are only valid on output.
|
|
They generate one line of output for the respective memory section,
|
|
forming a comma-separated list of the values.
|
|
This can be particularly useful for subsequent processing, like for
|
|
fuse bit settings.
|
|
.It Ar h
|
|
hexadecimal; each value will get the string
|
|
.Em 0x
|
|
prepended.
|
|
.It Ar o
|
|
octal; each value will get a
|
|
.Em 0
|
|
prepended unless it is less than 8 in which case it gets no prefix.
|
|
.It Ar b
|
|
binary; each value will get the string
|
|
.Em 0b
|
|
prepended.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default is to use auto detection for input files, and raw binary
|
|
format for output files.
|
|
Note that if
|
|
.Ar filename
|
|
contains a colon, the
|
|
.Ar format
|
|
field is no longer optional since the filename part following the colon
|
|
would otherwise be misinterpreted as
|
|
.Ar format .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As an abbreviation, the form
|
|
.Fl U Ar filename
|
|
is equivalent to specifying
|
|
.Fl U Em flash:w: Ns Ar filename Ns :a .
|
|
This will only work if
|
|
.Ar filename
|
|
does not have a colon in it.
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
Enable verbose output.
|
|
.It Fl V
|
|
Disable automatic verify check when uploading data.
|
|
.It Fl x Ar extended_param
|
|
Pass
|
|
.Ar extended_param
|
|
to the chosen programmer implementation as an extended parameter.
|
|
The interpretation of the extended parameter depends on the
|
|
programmer itself.
|
|
See below for a list of programmers accepting extended parameters.
|
|
.It Fl y
|
|
Tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to use the last four bytes of the connected parts' EEPROM memory to
|
|
track the number of times the device has been erased. When this
|
|
option is used and the
|
|
.Fl e
|
|
flag is specified to generate a chip erase, the previous counter will
|
|
be saved before the chip erase, it is then incremented, and written
|
|
back after the erase cycle completes. Presumably, the device would
|
|
only be erased just before being programmed, and thus, this can be
|
|
utilized to give an indication of how many erase-rewrite cycles the
|
|
part has undergone. Since the FLASH memory can only endure a finite
|
|
number of erase-rewrite cycles, one can use this option to track when
|
|
a part is nearing the limit. The typical limit for Atmel AVR FLASH is
|
|
1000 cycles. Of course, if the application needs the last four bytes
|
|
of EEPROM memory, this option should not be used.
|
|
.It Fl Y Ar cycles
|
|
Instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to initialize the erase-rewrite cycle counter residing at the last four
|
|
bytes of EEPROM memory to the specified value. If the application
|
|
needs the last four bytes of EEPROM memory, this option should not be
|
|
used.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Terminal mode
|
|
In this mode,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
only initializes communication with the MCU, and then awaits user
|
|
commands on standard input. Commands and parameters may be
|
|
abbreviated to the shortest unambiguous form. Terminal mode provides
|
|
a command history using
|
|
.Xr readline 3 ,
|
|
so previously entered command lines can be recalled and edited. The
|
|
following commands are currently implemented:
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
|
|
.It Ar dump memtype addr nbytes
|
|
Read
|
|
.Ar nbytes
|
|
bytes from the specified memory area, and display them in the usual
|
|
hexadecimal and ASCII form.
|
|
.It Ar dump
|
|
Continue dumping the memory contents for another
|
|
.Ar nbytes
|
|
where the previous
|
|
.Ar dump
|
|
command left off.
|
|
.It Ar write memtype addr byte1 ... byteN
|
|
Manually program the respective memory cells, starting at address
|
|
.Ar addr ,
|
|
using the values
|
|
.Ar byte1
|
|
through
|
|
.Ar byteN .
|
|
This feature is not implemented for bank-addressed memories such as
|
|
the flash memory of ATMega devices.
|
|
.It Ar erase
|
|
Perform a chip erase.
|
|
.It Ar send b1 b2 b3 b4
|
|
Send raw instruction codes to the AVR device. If you need access to a
|
|
feature of an AVR part that is not directly supported by
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
this command allows you to use it, even though
|
|
.Nm
|
|
does not implement the command. When using direct SPI mode, up to 3 bytes
|
|
can be omitted.
|
|
.It Ar sig
|
|
Display the device signature bytes.
|
|
.It Ar spi
|
|
Enter direct SPI mode. The
|
|
.Em pgmled
|
|
pin acts as slave select.
|
|
.Em Only supported on parallel bitbang programmers.
|
|
.It Ar part
|
|
Display the current part settings and parameters. Includes chip
|
|
specific information including all memory types supported by the
|
|
device, read/write timing, etc.
|
|
.It Ar pgm
|
|
Return to programming mode (from direct SPI mode).
|
|
.It Ar vtarg voltage
|
|
Set the target's supply voltage to
|
|
.Ar voltage
|
|
Volts.
|
|
.Em Only supported on the STK500 and STK600 programmer.
|
|
.It Ar varef Oo Ar channel Oc Ar voltage
|
|
Set the adjustable voltage source to
|
|
.Ar voltage
|
|
Volts.
|
|
This voltage is normally used to drive the target's
|
|
.Em Aref
|
|
input on the STK500.
|
|
On the Atmel STK600, two reference voltages are available, which
|
|
can be selected by the optional
|
|
.Ar channel
|
|
argument (either 0 or 1).
|
|
.Em Only supported on the STK500 and STK600 programmer.
|
|
.It Ar fosc freq Ns Op M Ns \&| Ns k
|
|
Set the master oscillator to
|
|
.Ar freq
|
|
Hz.
|
|
An optional trailing letter
|
|
.Ar \&M
|
|
multiplies by 1E6, a trailing letter
|
|
.Ar \&k
|
|
by 1E3.
|
|
.Em Only supported on the STK500 and STK600 programmer.
|
|
.It Ar fosc off
|
|
Turn the master oscillator off.
|
|
.Em Only supported on the STK500 and STK600 programmer.
|
|
.It Ar sck period
|
|
.Em STK500 and STK600 programmer only:
|
|
Set the SCK clock period to
|
|
.Ar period
|
|
microseconds.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Em JTAG ICE only:
|
|
Set the JTAG ICE bit clock period to
|
|
.Ar period
|
|
microseconds.
|
|
Note that unlike STK500 settings, this setting will be reverted to
|
|
its default value (approximately 1 microsecond) when the programming
|
|
software signs off from the JTAG ICE.
|
|
This parameter can also be used on the JTAG ICE mkII to specify the
|
|
ISP clock period when operating the ICE in ISP mode.
|
|
.It Ar parms
|
|
.Em STK500 and STK600 programmer only:
|
|
Display the current voltage and master oscillator parameters.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Em JTAG ICE only:
|
|
Display the current target supply voltage and JTAG bit clock rate/period.
|
|
.It Ar \&?
|
|
.It Ar help
|
|
Give a short on-line summary of the available commands.
|
|
.It Ar quit
|
|
Leave terminal mode and thus
|
|
.Nm avrdude .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Default Parallel port pin connections
|
|
(these can be changed, see the
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
option)
|
|
.TS
|
|
ll.
|
|
\fBPin number\fP \fBFunction\fP
|
|
2-5 Vcc (optional power supply to MCU)
|
|
7 /RESET (to MCU)
|
|
8 SCK (to MCU)
|
|
9 MOSI (to MCU)
|
|
10 MISO (from MCU)
|
|
18-25 GND
|
|
.TE
|
|
.Ss debugWire limitations
|
|
The debugWire protocol is Atmel's proprietary one-wire (plus ground)
|
|
protocol to allow an in-circuit emulation of the smaller AVR devices,
|
|
using the
|
|
.Ql /RESET
|
|
line.
|
|
DebugWire mode is initiated by activating the
|
|
.Ql DWEN
|
|
fuse, and then power-cycling the target.
|
|
While this mode is mainly intended for debugging/emulation, it
|
|
also offers limited programming capabilities.
|
|
Effectively, the only memory areas that can be read or programmed
|
|
in this mode are flash ROM and EEPROM.
|
|
It is also possible to read out the signature.
|
|
All other memory areas cannot be accessed.
|
|
There is no
|
|
.Em chip erase
|
|
functionality in debugWire mode; instead, while reprogramming the
|
|
flash ROM, each flash ROM page is erased right before updating it.
|
|
This is done transparently by the JTAG ICE mkII (or AVR Dragon).
|
|
The only way back from debugWire mode is to initiate a special
|
|
sequence of commands to the JTAG ICE mkII (or AVR Dragon), so the
|
|
debugWire mode will be temporarily disabled, and the target can
|
|
be accessed using normal ISP programming.
|
|
This sequence is automatically initiated by using the JTAG ICE mkII
|
|
or AVR Dragon in ISP mode, when they detect that ISP mode cannot be
|
|
entered.
|
|
.Ss Programmers accepting extended parameters
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
|
|
.It Ar JTAG ICE mkII
|
|
.It Ar AVR Dragon
|
|
When using the JTAG ICE mkII or AVR Dragon in JTAG mode, the
|
|
following extended parameter is accepted:
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
|
|
.It Ar jtagchain=UB,UA,BB,BA
|
|
Setup the JTAG scan chain for
|
|
.Ar UB
|
|
units before,
|
|
.Ar UA
|
|
units after,
|
|
.Ar BB
|
|
bits before, and
|
|
.Ar BA
|
|
bits after the target AVR, respectively.
|
|
Each AVR unit within the chain shifts by 4 bits.
|
|
Other JTAG units might require a different bit shift count.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Ar AVR910
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
|
|
.It Ar devcode=VALUE
|
|
Override the device code selection by using
|
|
.Ar VALUE
|
|
as the device code.
|
|
The programmer is not queried for the list of supported
|
|
device codes, and the specified
|
|
.Ar VALUE
|
|
is not verified but used directly within the
|
|
.Ql T
|
|
command sent to the programmer.
|
|
.Ar VALUE
|
|
can be specified using the conventional number notation of the
|
|
C programming language.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
|
|
.It Ar no_blockmode
|
|
Disables the default checking for block transfer capability.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Ar no_blockmode
|
|
only if your
|
|
.Ar AVR910
|
|
programmer creates errors during initial sequence.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Ar buspirate
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
|
|
.It Ar reset={cs,aux,aux2}
|
|
The default setup assumes the BusPirate's CS output pin connected to
|
|
the RESET pin on AVR side. It is however possible to have multiple AVRs
|
|
connected to the same BP with MISO, MOSI and SCK lines common for all of them.
|
|
In such a case one AVR should have its RESET connected to BusPirate's
|
|
.Pa CS
|
|
pin, second AVR's RESET connected to BusPirate's
|
|
.Pa AUX
|
|
pin and if your BusPirate has an
|
|
.Pa AUX2
|
|
pin (only available on BusPirate version v1a with firmware 3.0 or newer)
|
|
use that to activate RESET on the third AVR.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It may be a good idea to decouple the BusPirate and the AVR's SPI buses from
|
|
each other using a 3-state bus buffer. For example 74HC125 or 74HC244 are some
|
|
good candidates with the latches driven by the appropriate reset pin (cs,
|
|
aux or aux2). Otherwise the SPI traffic in one active circuit may interfere
|
|
with programming the AVR in the other design.
|
|
.It Ar speed=<0..7>
|
|
BusPirate to AVR SPI speed:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
0 .. 30 kHz (default)
|
|
1 .. 125 kHz
|
|
2 .. 250 kHz
|
|
3 .. 1 MHz
|
|
4 .. 2 MHz
|
|
5 .. 2.6 MHz
|
|
6 .. 4 MHz
|
|
7 .. 8 MHz
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Ar ascii
|
|
Use ASCII mode even when the firmware supports BinMode (binary mode).
|
|
BinMode is supported in firmware 2.7 and newer, older FW's either don't
|
|
have BinMode or their BinMode is buggy. ASCII mode is slower and makes
|
|
the above
|
|
.Ar reset=
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar speed=
|
|
parameters unavailable.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Ar Wiring
|
|
When using the Wiring programmer type, the
|
|
following optional extended parameter is accepted:
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
|
|
.It Ar snooze=<0..32767>
|
|
After performing the port open phase, AVRDUDE will wait/snooze for
|
|
.Ar snooze
|
|
milliseconds before continuing to the protocol sync phase.
|
|
No toggling of DTR/RTS is performed if
|
|
.Ar snooze
|
|
is greater than 0.
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width /dev/ppi0XXX
|
|
.It Pa /dev/ppi0
|
|
default device to be used for communication with the programming
|
|
hardware
|
|
.It Pa ${PREFIX}/etc/avrdude.conf
|
|
programmer and parts configuration file
|
|
.It Pa ${HOME}/.avrduderc
|
|
programmer and parts configuration file (per-user overrides)
|
|
.It Pa ~/.inputrc
|
|
Initialization file for the
|
|
.Xr readline 3
|
|
library
|
|
.It Pa ${PREFIX}/share/doc/avrdude/avrdude.pdf
|
|
Schematic of programming hardware
|
|
.El
|
|
.\" .Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
avrdude: jtagmkII_setparm(): bad response to set parameter command: RSP_FAILED
|
|
avrdude: jtagmkII_getsync(): ISP activation failed, trying debugWire
|
|
avrdude: Target prepared for ISP, signed off.
|
|
avrdude: Please restart avrdude without power-cycling the target.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the target AVR has been set up for debugWire mode (i. e. the
|
|
.Em DWEN
|
|
fuse is programmed), normal ISP connection attempts will fail as
|
|
the
|
|
.Em /RESET
|
|
pin is not available.
|
|
When using the JTAG ICE mkII in ISP mode, the message shown indicates
|
|
that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
has guessed this condition, and tried to initiate a debugWire reset
|
|
to the target.
|
|
When successful, this will leave the target AVR in a state where it
|
|
can respond to normal ISP communication again (until the next power
|
|
cycle).
|
|
Typically, the same command is going to be retried again immediately
|
|
afterwards, and will then succeed connecting to the target using
|
|
normal ISP communication.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr avr-objcopy 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ppi 4 ,
|
|
.Xr readline 3
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The AVR microcontroller product description can be found at
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl "http://www.atmel.com/products/AVR/"
|
|
.\" .Sh HISTORY
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.Nm Avrdude
|
|
was written by Brian S. Dean <bsd@bsdhome.com>.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This man page by
|
|
.ie t J\(:org Wunsch.
|
|
.el Joerg Wunsch.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Please report bugs via
|
|
.Dl "http://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?group=avrdude" .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The JTAG ICE programmers currently cannot write to the flash ROM
|
|
one byte at a time.
|
|
For that reason, updating the flash ROM from terminal mode does not
|
|
work.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Page-mode programming the EEPROM through JTAG (i.e. through an
|
|
.Fl U
|
|
option) requires a prior chip erase.
|
|
This is an inherent feature of the way JTAG EEPROM programming works.
|
|
This also applies to the STK500 and STK600 in parallel programming mode.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The USBasp and USBtinyISP drivers do not offer any option to distinguish multiple
|
|
devices connected simultaneously, so effectively only a single device
|
|
is supported.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The avrftdi driver allows to select specific devices using any combination of vid,pid
|
|
serial number (usbsn) vendor description (usbvendoror part description (usbproduct)
|
|
as seen with lsusb or whatever tool used to view USB device information. Multiple
|
|
devices can be on the bus at the same time. For the H parts, which have multiple MPSSE
|
|
interfaces, the interface can also be selected. It defaults to interface 'A'.
|