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/*
* Copyright 2001 Brian S. Dean <bsd@bsdhome.com>
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY BRIAN S. DEAN ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL BRIAN S. DEAN BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
* OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
* BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
* USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
* DAMAGE.
*
*/
/* $Id$ */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "avr.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "lists.h"
#include "pindefs.h"
#include "ppi.h"
extern char * progname;
extern char progbuf[];
extern PROGRAMMER * pgm;
char * avr_version = "$Id$";
AVRPART * avr_new_part(void)
{
AVRPART * p;
p = (AVRPART *)malloc(sizeof(AVRPART));
if (p == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "new_part(): out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
p->id[0] = 0;
p->desc[0] = 0;
p->mem = lcreat(NULL, 0);
return p;
}
OPCODE * avr_new_opcode(void)
{
OPCODE * m;
m = (OPCODE *)malloc(sizeof(*m));
if (m == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "avr_new_opcode(): out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
return m;
}
AVRMEM * avr_new_memtype(void)
{
AVRMEM * m;
m = (AVRMEM *)malloc(sizeof(*m));
if (m == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "avr_new_memtype(): out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
return m;
}
AVRMEM * avr_dup_mem(AVRMEM * m)
{
AVRMEM * n;
n = avr_new_memtype();
*n = *m;
n->buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(n->size);
if (n->buf == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,
"avr_dup_mem(): out of memory (memsize=%d)\n",
n->size);
exit(1);
}
memset(n->buf, 0, n->size);
return n;
}
AVRPART * avr_dup_part(AVRPART * d)
{
AVRPART * p;
LISTID save;
LNODEID ln;
p = avr_new_part();
save = p->mem;
*p = *d;
p->mem = save;
for (ln=lfirst(d->mem); ln; ln=lnext(ln)) {
ladd(p->mem, avr_dup_mem(ldata(ln)));
}
return p;
}
AVRMEM * avr_locate_mem(AVRPART * p, char * desc)
{
AVRMEM * m, * match;
LNODEID ln;
int matches;
int l;
l = strlen(desc);
matches = 0;
match = NULL;
for (ln=lfirst(p->mem); ln; ln=lnext(ln)) {
m = ldata(ln);
if (strncmp(desc, m->desc, l) == 0) {
match = m;
matches++;
}
}
if (matches == 1)
return match;
return NULL;
}
/*
* transmit and receive a byte of data to/from the AVR device
*/
unsigned char avr_txrx(int fd, unsigned char byte)
{
int i;
unsigned char r, b, rbyte;
rbyte = 0;
for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
b = (byte >> (7-i)) & 0x01;
/*
* read the result bit (it is either valid from a previous clock
* pulse or it is ignored in the current context)
*/
r = ppi_getpin(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_AVR_MISO]);
/* set the data input line as desired */
ppi_setpin(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_AVR_MOSI], b);
/*
* pulse the clock line, clocking in the MOSI data, and clocking out
* the next result bit
*/
ppi_pulsepin(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_AVR_SCK]);
rbyte = rbyte | (r << (7-i));
}
return rbyte;
}
/*
* transmit an AVR device command and return the results; 'cmd' and
* 'res' must point to at least a 4 byte data buffer
*/
int avr_cmd(int fd, unsigned char cmd[4], unsigned char res[4])
{
int i;
for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
res[i] = avr_txrx(fd, cmd[i]);
}
#if 0
fprintf(stderr, "avr_cmd(): [ ");
for (i=0; i<4; i++)
fprintf(stderr, "%02x ", cmd[i]);
fprintf(stderr, "] [ ");
for (i=0; i<4; i++)
fprintf(stderr, "%02x ", res[i]);
fprintf(stderr, "]\n");
#endif
return 0;
}
/*
* avr_set_bits()
*
* Set instruction bits in the specified command based on the opcode.
*/
int avr_set_bits(OPCODE * op, unsigned char * cmd)
{
int i, j, bit;
unsigned char mask;
for (i=0; i<32; i++) {
if (op->bit[i].type == AVR_CMDBIT_VALUE) {
j = 3 - i / 8;
bit = i % 8;
mask = 1 << bit;
if (op->bit[i].value)
cmd[j] = cmd[j] | mask;
else
cmd[j] = cmd[j] & ~mask;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* avr_set_addr()
*
* Set address bits in the specified command based on the opcode, and
* the address.
*/
int avr_set_addr(OPCODE * op, unsigned char * cmd, unsigned long addr)
{
int i, j, bit;
unsigned long value;
unsigned char mask;
for (i=0; i<32; i++) {
if (op->bit[i].type == AVR_CMDBIT_ADDRESS) {
j = 3 - i / 8;
bit = i % 8;
mask = 1 << bit;
value = addr >> op->bit[i].bitno & 0x01;
if (value)
cmd[j] = cmd[j] | mask;
else
cmd[j] = cmd[j] & ~mask;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* avr_set_input()
*
* Set input data bits in the specified command based on the opcode,
* and the data byte.
*/
int avr_set_input(OPCODE * op, unsigned char * cmd, unsigned char data)
{
int i, j, bit;
unsigned char value;
unsigned char mask;
for (i=0; i<32; i++) {
if (op->bit[i].type == AVR_CMDBIT_INPUT) {
j = 3 - i / 8;
bit = i % 8;
mask = 1 << bit;
value = data >> op->bit[i].bitno & 0x01;
if (value)
cmd[j] = cmd[j] | mask;
else
cmd[j] = cmd[j] & ~mask;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* avr_get_output()
*
* Retreive output data bits from the command results based on the
* opcode data.
*/
int avr_get_output(OPCODE * op, unsigned char * res, unsigned char * data)
{
int i, j, bit;
unsigned char value;
unsigned char mask;
for (i=0; i<32; i++) {
if (op->bit[i].type == AVR_CMDBIT_OUTPUT) {
j = 3 - i / 8;
bit = i % 8;
mask = 1 << bit;
value = ((res[j] & mask) >> bit) & 0x01;
value = value << op->bit[i].bitno;
if (value)
*data = *data | value;
else
*data = *data & ~value;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* read a byte of data from the indicated memory region
*/
int avr_read_byte(int fd, AVRPART * p, AVRMEM * mem, unsigned long addr,
unsigned char * value)
{
unsigned char cmd[4];
unsigned char res[4];
unsigned char data;
OPCODE * readop;
LED_ON(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_ERR]);
/*
* figure out what opcode to use
*/
if (mem->op[AVR_OP_READ_LO]) {
if (addr & 0x00000001)
readop = mem->op[AVR_OP_READ_HI];
else
readop = mem->op[AVR_OP_READ_LO];
addr = addr / 2;
}
else {
readop = mem->op[AVR_OP_READ];
}
if (readop == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,
"avr_read_byte(): operation not supported on memory type \"%s\"\n",
p->desc);
return -1;
}
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(readop, cmd);
avr_set_addr(readop, cmd, addr);
avr_cmd(fd, cmd, res);
data = 0;
avr_get_output(readop, res, &data);
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
*value = data;
return 0;
}
/*
* Read the entirety of the specified memory type into the
* corresponding buffer of the avrpart pointed to by 'p'. If size =
* 0, read the entire contents, otherwise, read 'size' bytes.
*
* Return the number of bytes read, or < 0 if an error occurs.
*/
int avr_read(int fd, AVRPART * p, char * memtype, int size, int verbose)
{
unsigned char rbyte;
unsigned long i;
unsigned char * buf;
AVRMEM * mem;
int rc;
mem = avr_locate_mem(p, memtype);
if (mem == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "No \"%s\" memory for part %s\n",
memtype, p->desc);
return -1;
}
buf = mem->buf;
if (size == 0) {
size = mem->size;
}
for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
rc = avr_read_byte(fd, p, mem, i, &rbyte);
if (rc != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "avr_read(): error reading address 0x%04lx\n", i);
return -2;
}
buf[i] = rbyte;
if (verbose) {
if (i % 16 == 0)
fprintf(stderr, " \r%4lu 0x%02x", i, rbyte);
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
return i;
}
/*
* write a page data at the specified address
*/
int avr_write_page(int fd, AVRPART * p, AVRMEM * mem,
unsigned long addr)
{
unsigned char cmd[4];
unsigned char res[4];
OPCODE * wp;
wp = mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITEPAGE];
if (wp == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,
"avr_write_page(): memory \"%s\" not configured for page writes\n",
mem->desc);
return -1;
}
/*
* if this memory is word-addressable, adjust the address
* accordingly
*/
if (mem->op[AVR_OP_LOADPAGE_LO])
addr = addr / 2;
LED_ON(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_ERR]);
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(wp, cmd);
avr_set_addr(wp, cmd, addr);
avr_cmd(fd, cmd, res);
/*
* since we don't know what voltage the target AVR is powered by, be
* conservative and delay the max amount the spec says to wait
*/
usleep(mem->max_write_delay);
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
return 0;
}
/*
* write a byte of data at the specified address
*/
int avr_write_byte(int fd, AVRPART * p, AVRMEM * mem,
unsigned long addr, unsigned char data)
{
unsigned char cmd[4];
unsigned char res[4];
unsigned char r;
int ready;
int tries;
unsigned char b;
unsigned short caddr;
OPCODE * writeop;
int rc;
if (!mem->paged) {
/*
* check to see if the write is necessary by reading the existing
* value and only write if we are changing the value; we can't
* use this optimization for paged addressing.
*/
rc = avr_read_byte(fd, p, mem, addr, &b);
if (rc != 0)
return -1;
if (b == data) {
return 0;
}
}
/*
* determine which memory opcode to use
*/
if (mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITE_LO]) {
if (addr & 0x01)
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITE_HI];
else
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITE_LO];
caddr = addr / 2;
}
else if (mem->op[AVR_OP_LOADPAGE_LO]) {
if (addr & 0x01)
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_LOADPAGE_HI];
else
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_LOADPAGE_LO];
caddr = addr / 2;
}
else {
writeop = mem->op[AVR_OP_WRITE];
caddr = addr;
}
if (writeop == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,
"avr_write_byte(): write not support for memory type \"%s\"\n",
mem->desc);
return -1;
}
LED_ON(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_ERR]);
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(writeop, cmd);
avr_set_addr(writeop, cmd, caddr);
avr_set_input(writeop, cmd, data);
avr_cmd(fd, cmd, res);
if (mem->paged) {
/*
* in paged addressing, single bytes to written to the memory
* page complete immediately, we only need to delay when we commit
* the whole page via the avr_write_page() routine.
*/
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
return 0;
}
tries = 0;
ready = 0;
while (!ready) {
usleep(mem->min_write_delay); /* typical write delay */
rc = avr_read_byte(fd, p, mem, addr, &r);
if (rc != 0) {
return -1;
}
if ((data == mem->readback[0]) ||
(data == mem->readback[1])) {
/*
* use an extra long delay when we happen to be writing values
* used for polled data read-back. In this case, polling
* doesn't work, and we need to delay the worst case write time
* specified for the chip.
*/
usleep(mem->max_write_delay);
rc = avr_read_byte(fd, p, mem, addr, &r);
if (rc != 0) {
return -1;
}
}
if (r == data) {
ready = 1;
}
tries++;
if (!ready && tries > 5) {
/*
* we couldn't write the data, indicate our displeasure by
* returning an error code
*/
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
LED_ON(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_ERR]);
return -1;
}
}
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
return 0;
}
/*
* Write the whole memory region of the specified memory from the
* corresponding buffer of the avrpart pointed to by 'p'. Write up to
* 'size' bytes from the buffer. Data is only written if the new data
* value is different from the existing data value. Data beyond
* 'size' bytes is not affected.
*
* Return the number of bytes written, or -1 if an error occurs.
*/
int avr_write(int fd, AVRPART * p, char * memtype, int size, int verbose)
{
int rc;
int wsize;
unsigned long i;
unsigned char data;
int werror;
AVRMEM * m;
m = avr_locate_mem(p, memtype);
if (m == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "No \"%s\" memory for part %s\n",
memtype, p->desc);
return -1;
}
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_ERR]);
werror = 0;
wsize = m->size;
if (size < wsize) {
wsize = size;
}
else if (size > wsize) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: WARNING: %d bytes requested, but memory region is only %d bytes\n"
"%sOnly %d bytes will actually be written\n",
progname, size, wsize,
progbuf, wsize);
}
for (i=0; i<wsize; i++) {
data = m->buf[i];
if (verbose) {
if (i % 16 == 0)
fprintf(stderr, " \r%4lu 0x%02x ", i, data);
}
rc = avr_write_byte(fd, p, m, i, data);
if (rc) {
fprintf(stderr, " ***failed; ");
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
LED_ON(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_ERR]);
werror = 1;
}
if (m->paged) {
/*
* check to see if it is time to flush the page with a page
* write
*/
if (((i % m->page_size) == m->page_size-1) ||
(i == wsize-1)) {
rc = avr_write_page(fd, p, m, i);
if (rc) {
fprintf(stderr,
" *** page %ld (addresses 0x%04lx - 0x%04lx) failed "
"to write\n",
i % m->page_size,
i - m->page_size + 1, i);
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
LED_ON(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_ERR]);
werror = 1;
}
}
}
if (werror) {
/*
* make sure the error led stay on if there was a previous write
* error, otherwise it gets cleared in avr_write_byte()
*/
LED_ON(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_ERR]);
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
return i;
}
/*
* issue the 'program enable' command to the AVR device
*/
int avr_program_enable(int fd, AVRPART * p)
{
unsigned char cmd[4];
unsigned char res[4];
if (p->op[AVR_OP_PGM_ENABLE] == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "program enable instruction not defined for part \"%s\"\n",
p->desc);
return -1;
}
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(p->op[AVR_OP_PGM_ENABLE], cmd);
avr_cmd(fd, cmd, res);
if (res[2] != cmd[1])
return -2;
return 0;
}
/*
* issue the 'chip erase' command to the AVR device
*/
int avr_chip_erase(int fd, AVRPART * p)
{
unsigned char cmd[4];
unsigned char res[4];
if (p->op[AVR_OP_CHIP_ERASE] == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "chip erase instruction not defined for part \"%s\"\n",
p->desc);
return -1;
}
LED_ON(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
avr_set_bits(p->op[AVR_OP_CHIP_ERASE], cmd);
avr_cmd(fd, cmd, res);
usleep(p->chip_erase_delay);
avr_initialize(fd, p);
LED_OFF(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_LED_PGM]);
return 0;
}
/*
* read the AVR device's signature bytes
*/
int avr_signature(int fd, AVRPART * p)
{
int rc;
rc = avr_read(fd, p, "signature", 0, 0);
if (rc < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: error reading signature data for part \"%s\", rc=%d\n",
progname, p->desc, rc);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* apply power to the AVR processor
*/
void avr_powerup(int fd)
{
ppi_set(fd, PPIDATA, PPI_AVR_VCC); /* power up */
usleep(100000);
}
/*
* remove power from the AVR processor
*/
void avr_powerdown(int fd)
{
ppi_clr(fd, PPIDATA, PPI_AVR_VCC); /* power down */
}
/*
* initialize the AVR device and prepare it to accept commands
*/
int avr_initialize(int fd, AVRPART * p)
{
int rc;
int tries;
avr_powerup(fd);
ppi_setpin(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_AVR_SCK], 0);
ppi_setpin(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_AVR_RESET], 0);
ppi_pulsepin(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_AVR_RESET]);
usleep(20000); /* 20 ms XXX should be a per-chip parameter */
/*
* Enable programming mode. If we are programming an AT90S1200, we
* can only issue the command and hope it worked. If we are using
* one of the other chips, the chip will echo 0x53 when issuing the
* third byte of the command. In this case, try up to 32 times in
* order to possibly get back into sync with the chip if we are out
* of sync.
*/
if (strcmp(p->desc, "AT90S1200")==0) {
avr_program_enable(fd, p);
}
else {
tries = 0;
do {
rc = avr_program_enable(fd, p);
if (rc == 0)
break;
ppi_pulsepin(fd, pgm->pinno[PIN_AVR_SCK]);
tries++;
} while (tries < 32);
/*
* can't sync with the device, maybe it's not attached?
*/
if (tries == 32) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: AVR device not responding\n", progname);
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Allocate and initialize memory buffers for each of the device's
* defined memory regions.
*/
int avr_initmem(AVRPART * p)
{
LNODEID ln;
AVRMEM * m;
for (ln=lfirst(p->mem); ln; ln=lnext(ln)) {
m = ldata(ln);
m->buf = (unsigned char *) malloc(m->size);
if (m->buf == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't alloc buffer for %s size of %d bytes\n",
progname, m->desc, m->size);
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Verify the memory buffer of p with that of v. The byte range of v,
* may be a subset of p. The byte range of p should cover the whole
* chip's memory size.
*
* Return the number of bytes verified, or -1 if they don't match.
*/
int avr_verify(AVRPART * p, AVRPART * v, char * memtype, int size)
{
int i;
unsigned char * buf1, * buf2;
int vsize;
AVRMEM * a, * b;
a = avr_locate_mem(p, memtype);
if (a == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,
"avr_verify(): memory type \"%s\" not defined for part %s\n",
memtype, p->desc);
return -1;
}
b = avr_locate_mem(v, memtype);
if (b == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,
"avr_verify(): memory type \"%s\" not defined for part %s\n",
memtype, v->desc);
return -1;
}
buf1 = a->buf;
buf2 = b->buf;
vsize = a->size;
if (vsize < size) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: WARNING: requested verification for %d bytes\n"
"%s%s memory region only contains %d bytes\n"
"%sOnly %d bytes will be verified.\n",
progname, size,
progbuf, memtype, vsize,
progbuf, vsize);
size = vsize;
}
for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
if (buf1[i] != buf2[i]) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: verification error, first mismatch at byte %d\n"
"%s0x%02x != 0x%02x\n",
progname, i,
progbuf, buf1[i], buf2[i]);
return -1;
}
}
return size;
}
void avr_mem_display(char * prefix, FILE * f, AVRMEM * m, int type)
{
if (m == NULL) {
fprintf(f,
"%s Page Polled\n"
"%sMemory Type Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack\n"
"%s----------- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------\n",
prefix, prefix, prefix);
}
else {
fprintf(f,
"%s%-11s %-6s %6d %4d %5d %5d %5d 0x%02x 0x%02x\n",
prefix, m->desc,
m->paged ? "yes" : "no",
m->size,
m->page_size,
m->num_pages,
m->min_write_delay,
m->max_write_delay,
m->readback[0],
m->readback[1]);
}
}
void avr_display(FILE * f, AVRPART * p, char * prefix)
{
int i;
char * buf;
char * px;
LNODEID ln;
AVRMEM * m;
fprintf(f,
"%sAVR Part : %s\n"
"%sChip Erase delay : %d us\n"
"%sMemory Detail :\n\n",
prefix, p->desc,
prefix, p->chip_erase_delay,
prefix);
px = prefix;
i = strlen(prefix) + 5;
buf = (char *)malloc(i);
if (buf == NULL) {
/* ugh, this is not important enough to bail, just ignore it */
}
else {
strcpy(buf, prefix);
strcat(buf, " ");
px = buf;
}
avr_mem_display(px, f, NULL, 0);
for (ln=lfirst(p->mem); ln; ln=lnext(ln)) {
m = ldata(ln);
avr_mem_display(px, f, m, i);
}
if (buf)
free(buf);
}
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