%% -*-texinfo-*- \input texinfo @c $Id$ @setfilename avrdude.info @settitle AVRDUDE @include version.texi @c @c These are set in version.texi which is automatically generated by automake. @c @c @set UPDATED 26 Febuary 2003 @c @set EDITION 3.2.0 @c @set VERSION 3.2.0 @c This is a dir.info fragment to support semi-automated addition of @c manuals to an info tree. @dircategory AVR Programming & development tools. @direntry * AvrDude: (avrdude). AVR program downloader/uploader. @end direntry @ifinfo This file documents the avrdude program. For avrdude version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}. Copyright @copyright{} 2003 Brian Dean Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. @ignore Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). @end ignore Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. @end ifinfo @titlepage @title AVRDUDE @subtitle A program for download/uploading AVR microcontroller flash and eeprom. @subtitle For AVRDUDE, Version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}. @author by Brian S. Dean @page @hfill (Send bugs and comments on AVRDUDE to @w{@email{avrdude-dev@@nongnu.org}}.) @vfill Copyright @copyright{} 2003 Brian S. Dean @sp 2 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. @end titlepage @contents @c @c Top Node @c @node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) @comment node-name, next, previous, up @ifinfo This file documents the avrdude program for downloading/uploading programs to Atmel AVR microcontrollers. For avrdude version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}. @end ifinfo @menu * Introduction:: * Command Line Options:: * Terminal Mode Operation:: * Configuration File:: * Platform Dependent Information:: @end menu @node Introduction, Command Line Options, Top, Top @comment node-name, next, previous, up @chapter Introduction @cindex introduction AVRDUDE - AVR Downloader Uploader - is a program for downloading and uploading the on-chip memories of Atmel's AVR microcontrollers. It can program the Flash and EEPROM, and where supported by the serial programming protocol, it can program fuse and lock bits. AVRDUDE also supplies a direct instruction mode allowing one to issue any programming instruction to the AVR chip regardless of whether AVRDUDE implements that specific feature of a particular chip. AVRDUDE can be used effectively via the command line to read or write all chip memory types (eeprom, flash, fuse bits, lock bits, signature bytes) or via an interactive (terminal) mode. Using AVRDUDE from the command line works well for programming the entire memory of the chip from the contents of a file, while interactive mode is useful for exploring memory contents, modifing individual bytes of eeprom, programming fuse/lock bits, etc. AVRDUDE supports two basic programmer types: Atmel's STK500 and the PPI (parallel port interface). PPI represents a class of simple programmers where the programming lines are directly connected to the PC parallel port, while the STK500 uses the serial port to communicate with the PC and contains on-board logic to control the programming of the target device. Several pin configurations exist for several variations of the PPI programmers, and AVRDUDE can be be configured to work with them by either specifying the appropriate programmer on the command line or by creating a new entry in its configuration file. All that's usually required for a new entry is to tell AVRDUDE which pins to use for each programming function. @menu * History:: @end menu @node History, , Introduction, Introduction @section History AVRDUDE was written by Brian S. Dean under the name of AVRPROG to run on the FreeBSD Operating System. Brian renamed the software to be called AVRDUDE when interest grew in a Windows port of the software so that the name did not conflict with AVRPROG.EXE which is the name of Atmel's Windows programming software. The AVRDUDE source now resides in the public CVS repository on savannah.gnu.org (@url{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/avrdude/}), where it continues to be enhanced and ported to other systems. In addition to FreeBSD, AVRDUDE now runs on Linux and Windows. The developers behind the porting effort primarily were Ted Roth, Eric Weddington, and Joerg Wunsch. And in the spirit of many open source projects, this manual also draws on the work of others. The initial revision was composed of parts of the original Unix manual page written by Joerg Wunsch, the original web site documentation by Brian Dean, and from the comments describing the fields in the AVRDUDE configuration file by Brian Dean. The texi formatting was modeled after that of the Simulavr documentation by Ted Roth. @node Command Line Options, Terminal Mode Operation, Introduction, Top @chapter Command Line Options @cindex options @menu * Option Descriptions:: * Example Command Line Invocations:: @end menu @node Option Descriptions, Example Command Line Invocations, Command Line Options, Command Line Options @section Option Descriptions @noindent AVRDUDE is a command line tool, used as follows: @example avrdude -p partno @var{options} @dots{} @end example @noindent Command line options are used to control AVRDUDE's behaviour. The following options are recognized: @table @code @item -p @var{partno} This is the only mandatory option and it tells AVRDUDE what type of part (MCU) that is connected to the programmer. The @var{partno} parameter is the part's id listed in the configuration file. If a part is unknown to AVRDUDE, it means that there is no config file entry for that part, but it can be added to the configuration file if you have the Atmel datasheet so that you can enter the programming specifications. Currently, the following MCU types are understood: @table @code @itemx t15 ATtiny15 @itemx 1200 AT90S1200 @itemx 2313 AT90S2313 @itemx 2333 AT90S2333 @itemx 2343 AT90S2343 (*) @itemx 4414 AT90S4414 @itemx 4433 AT90S4433 @itemx 4434 AT90S4434 @itemx 8515 AT90S8515 @itemx 8535 AT90S8535 @itemx m163 ATMEGA163 @itemx m169 ATMEGA169 @itemx m128 ATMEGA128 @itemx m103 ATMEGA103 @itemx m16 ATMEGA16 @itemx m8 ATMEGA8 @end table (*) The AT90S2323 uses the same algorithm. @item -c @var{programmer-id} Specify the programmer to be used. AVRDUDE knows about several common programmers. Use this option to specify which one to use. The @var{programmer-id} parameter is the programmer's id listed in the configuration file. If you have a programmer that is unknown to AVRDUDE, and the programmer is controlled via the PC parallel port, there's a good chance that it can be easily added to the configuration file without any code changes to AVRDUDE. Simply copy an existing entry and change the pin definitions to match that of the unknown programmer. @item -C @var{config-file} Use the specified config file for configuration data. This file contains all programmer and part definitions that AVRDUDE knows about. If you have a programmer or part that AVRDUDE does not know about, you can add it to the config file (be sure and submit a patch back to the author so that it can be incorporated for the next version). If not specified, AVRDUDE reads the configuration file from /usr/local/etc/avrdude.conf (FreeBSD and Linux) or from the installation location's bin directory (Windows). @item -e Causes a chip erase to be executed. This will reset the contents of the flash ROM and EEPROM to the value `0xff', and is basically a prerequisite command before the flash ROM can be reprogrammed again. The only exception would be if the new contents would exclusively cause bits to be pro- grammed from the value `1' to `0'. Note that in order to reprogram EERPOM cells, no explicit prior chip erase is required since the MCU provides an auto-erase cycle in that case before programming the cell. @item -E @var{exitspec}[,@dots{}] By default, AVRDUDE leaves the parallel port in the same state at exit as it has been found at startup. This option modifies the state of the `/RESET' and `Vcc' lines the par- allel port is left at, according to the exitspec arguments provided, as follows: @table @code @itemx reset The `/RESET' signal will be left activated at pro- gram exit, that is it will be held low, in order to keep the MCU in reset state afterwards. Note in particular that the programming algorithm for the AT90S1200 device mandates that the `/RESET' signal is active before powering up the MCU, so in case an external power supply is used for this MCU type, a previous invocation of AVRDUDE with this option specified is one of the possible ways to guarantee this condition. @itemx noreset The `/RESET' line will be deactivated at program exit, thus allowing the MCU target program to run while the programming hardware remains connected. @itemx vcc This option will leave those parallel port pins active (i. e. high) that can be used to supply `Vcc' power to the MCU. @itemx novcc This option will pull the `Vcc' pins of the paral- lel port down at program exit. @end table Multiple @var{exitspec} arguments can be separated with commas. @item -f @var{format} This option specifies the file format for the input or out- put files to be processed. Format can be one of: @table @code @itemx i Intel Hex @itemx s Motorola S-record @itemx r raw binary; little-endian byte order, in the case of the flash ROM data @itemx a auto detect; valid for input only, and only if the input is not provided at stdin. @end table The default is to use auto detection for input files, and raw binary format for output files. @item -F Normally, AVRDUDE tries to verify that the device signature read from the part is reasonable before continuing. Since it can happen from time to time that a device has a broken (erased or overwritten) device signature but is otherwise operating normally, this options is provided to override the check. @item -i @var{filename} Specifies the input file to be programmed into the MCU. Can be specified as `-' to use stdin as the input. @item -m @var{memtype} Specifies which program area of the MCU to read or write; allowable values depend on the MCU being programmed, but most support at least @code{eeprom} for the EEPROM, and @code{flash} for the flash ROM. Use the @code{-v} option on the command line or the @code{part} command from terminal mode to display all the memory types supported by a particular device. The default is @code{flash}. @item -n No-write - disables actually writing data to the MCU (useful for debugging AVRDUDE). @item -o @var{filename} Specifies the name of the output file to write, and causes the respective memory area to be read from the MCU. Can be specified as `-' to write to stdout. @item -P @var{port} Use port to identify the device to which the programmer is attached. By default the @code{/dev/ppi0} port is used, but if the programmer type normally connects to the serial port, the @code{/dev/cuaa0} port is the default. If you need to use a different parallel or serial port, use this option to spec- ify the alternate port name. @item -t Tells AVRDUDE to enter the interactive ``terminal'' mode instead of up- or downloading files. See below for a detailed description of the terminal mode. @item -v Enable verbose output. @item -V Disable automatic verify check when uploading data. @item -y Tells AVRDUDE to use the last four bytes of the connected parts' EEPROM memory to track the number of times the device has been erased. When this option is used and the @code{-e} flag is specified to generate a chip erase, the previous counter will be saved before the chip erase, it is then incremented, and written back after the erase cycle com- pletes. Presumably, the device would only be erased just before being programmed, and thus, this can be utilized to give an indication of how many erase-rewrite cycles the part has undergone. Since the FLASH memory can only endure a finite number of erase-rewrite cycles, one can use this option to track when a part is nearing the limit. The typ- ical limit for Atmel AVR FLASH is 1000 cycles. Of course, if the application needs the last four bytes of EEPROM mem- ory, this option should not be used. @item -Y @var{cycles} Instructs AVRDUDE to initialize the erase-rewrite cycle counter residing at the last four bytes of EEPROM memory to the specified value. If the application needs the last four bytes of EEPROM memory, this option should not be used. @end table @node Example Command Line Invocations, , Option Descriptions, Command Line Options @section Example Command Line Invocations @noindent Download the file @code{m128diag.hex} to the ATmega128 chip using the STK500 programmer connected to the default serial port: @example @cartouche % avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -y -e -i m128diag.hex avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702 avrdude: erasing chip avrdude: erase-rewrite cycle count is now 52 avrdude: done. avrdude: reading input file "m128diag.hex" avrdude: input file m128diag.hex auto detected as Intel Hex avrdude: writing flash (18130 bytes): 18175 avrdude: 18176 bytes of flash written avrdude: verifying flash memory against m128diag.hex: avrdude: reading on-chip flash data: 18175 avrdude: verifying ... avrdude: 18176 bytes of flash verified avrdude done. Thank you. % @end cartouche @end example @noindent Upload the flash memory from the ATmega128 connected to the STK500 programmer and save it in raw binary format in the file named @code{m128diag.flash}: @example @cartouche % avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -f r -o m128diag.flash avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702 avrdude: current erase-rewrite cycle count is 52 (if being tracked) avrdude: reading flash memory: 131071 avrdude: writing output file "m128diag.flash" avrdude done. Thank you. % @end cartouche @end example @node Terminal Mode Operation, Configuration File, Command Line Options, Top @chapter Terminal Mode Operation AVRDUDE has an interactive mode called @var{terminal mode} that is enabled by the @code{-t} option. This mode allows one to enter interactive commands to display and modify the various device memories, perform a chip erase, display the device signature bytes and part parameters, and to send raw programming commands. Commands and parameters may be abbreviated to their shortest unambiguous form. Terminal mode also supports a command history so that previously entered commands can be recalled and edited. @menu * Terminal Mode Commands:: * Terminal Mode Examples:: @end menu @node Terminal Mode Commands, Terminal Mode Examples, Terminal Mode Operation, Terminal Mode Operation @section Terminal Mode Commands @noindent The following commands are implemented: @table @code @item dump @var{memtype} @var{addr} @var{nbytes} Read @var{nbytes} from the specified memory area, and display them in the usual hexadecimal and ASCII form. @item dump Continue dumping the memory contents for another @var{nbytes} where the previous dump command left off. @item write @var{memtype} @var{addr} @var{byte1} @dots{} @var{byteN} Manually program the respective memory cells, starting at address addr, using the values @var{byte1} through @var{byteN}. This feature is not implemented for bank-addressed memories such as the flash memory of ATMega devices. @item erase Perform a chip erase. @item send @var{b1} @var{b2} @var{b3} @var{b4} Send raw instruction codes to the AVR device. If you need access to a feature of an AVR part that is not directly supported by AVRDUDE, this command allows you to use it, even though AVRDUDE does not implement the command. @item sig Display the device signature bytes. @item part Display the current part settings. @item ? @itemx help Give a short on-line summary of the available commands. @item quit Leave terminal mode and thus AVRDUDE. @end table @node Terminal Mode Examples, , Terminal Mode Commands, Terminal Mode Operation @section Terminal Mode Examples @noindent Display part parameters, modify eeprom cells, perform a chip erase: @example @cartouche % avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -t avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702 avrdude: current erase-rewrite cycle count is 52 (if being tracked) avrdude> part >>> part AVR Part : ATMEGA128 Chip Erase delay : 9000 us PAGEL : PD7 BS2 : PA0 RESET disposition : dedicated RETRY pulse : SCK serial program mode : yes parallel program mode : yes Memory Detail : Page Polled Memory Type Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack ----------- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- --------- eeprom no 4096 8 0 9000 9000 0xff 0xff flash yes 131072 256 512 4500 9000 0xff 0x00 lfuse no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00 hfuse no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00 efuse no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00 lock no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00 calibration no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00 signature no 3 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00 avrdude> dump eeprom 0 16 >>> dump eeprom 0 16 0000 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |................| avrdude> write eeprom 0 1 2 3 4 >>> write eeprom 0 1 2 3 4 avrdude> dump eeprom 0 16 >>> dump eeprom 0 16 0000 01 02 03 04 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |................| avrdude> erase >>> erase avrdude: erasing chip avrdude> dump eeprom 0 16 >>> dump eeprom 0 16 0000 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |................| avrdude> @end cartouche @end example @noindent Program the fuse bits of an ATmega128 (disable M103 compatibility, enable high speed external crystal, enable brown-out detection). First display the factory defaults, then reprogram: @example @cartouche % avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -t avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702 avrdude: current erase-rewrite cycle count is 52 (if being tracked) avrdude> d efuse >>> d efuse 0000 fd |. | avrdude> d hfuse >>> d hfuse 0000 99 |. | avrdude> d lfuse >>> d lfuse 0000 e1 |. | avrdude> w efuse 0 0xff >>> w efuse 0 0xff avrdude> w hfuse 0 0x89 >>> w hfuse 0 0x89 avrdude> w lfuse 0 0x2e >>> w lfuse 0 0x2e avrdude> @end cartouche @end example @node Configuration File, Platform Dependent Information, Terminal Mode Operation, Top @chapter Configuration File @noindent AVRDUDE reads a configuration file upon startup which describes all of the parts and programmers that it knows about. The advantage of this is that if you have a chip that is not currently supported by AVRDUDE, you can add it to the configuration file without waiting for a new release of AVRDUDE. Likewise, if you have a parallel port programmer that is not supported by AVRDUDE, chances are good that you can copy and existing programmer definition, and with only a few changes, make your programmer work with AVRDUDE. AVRDUDE first looks for a system wide configuration file in a platform dependent location. On Unix, this is usually @code{/usr/local/etc/avrdude.conf}, while on Windows it is usally in the same location as the executable file. The name of this file can be changed using the @code{-C} command line option. After the system wide configuration file is parsed, AVRDUDE looks for a per-user configuration file to augment or override the system wide defaults. On Unix, the per-user file is @code{.avrduderc} within the user's home directory. On Windows, this file is the @code{avrdude.rc} file located in the same directory as the executable. @menu * AVRDUDE Defaults:: * Programmer Definitions:: * Part Definitions:: * Other Notes:: @end menu @node AVRDUDE Defaults, Programmer Definitions, Configuration File, Configuration File @section AVRDUDE Defaults @table @code @item default_parallel = "@var{default-parallel-device}"; Assign the default parallel port device. Can be overidden using the @code{-P} option. @item default_serial = "@var{default-serial-device}"; Assign the default serial port device. Can be overidden using the @code{-P} option. @item default_programmer = "@var{default-programmer-id}"; Assign the default programmer id. Can be overidden using the @code{-c} option. @end table @node Programmer Definitions, Part Definitions, AVRDUDE Defaults, Configuration File @section Programmer Definitions @noindent The format of the programmer definition is as follows: @example programmer id = [, [, ] ...] ; # are quoted strings desc = ; # quoted string type = par | stk500 ; # programmer type vcc = [, ... ] ; # pin number(s) reset = ; # pin number sck = ; # pin number mosi = ; # pin number miso = ; # pin number errled = ; # pin number rdyled = ; # pin number pgmled = ; # pin number vfyled = ; # pin number ; @end example @node Part Definitions, Other Notes, Programmer Definitions, Configuration File @section Part Definitions @example part id = ; # quoted string desc = ; # quoted string devicecode = ; # numeric chip_erase_delay = ; # micro-seconds pagel = ; # pin name in hex, i.e., 0xD7 bs2 = ; # pin name in hex, i.e., 0xA0 reset = dedicated | io; retry_pulse = reset | sck; pgm_enable = ; chip_erase = ; memory paged = ; # yes / no size = ; # bytes page_size = ; # bytes num_pages = ; # numeric min_write_delay = ; # micro-seconds max_write_delay = ; # micro-seconds readback_p1 = ; # byte value readback_p2 = ; # byte value pwroff_after_write = ; # yes / no read = ; write = ; read_lo = ; read_hi = ; write_lo = ; write_hi = ; loadpage_lo = ; loadpage_hi = ; writepage = ; ; ; @end example @menu * Instruction Format:: @end menu @node Instruction Format, , Part Definitions, Part Definitions @subsection Instruction Format @noindent Instruction formats are specified as a comma seperated list of string values containing information (bit specifiers) about each of the 32 bits of the instruction. Bit specifiers may be one of the following formats: @table @code @item 1 The bit is always set on input as well as output @item 0 the bit is always clear on input as well as output @item x the bit is ignored on input and output @item a the bit is an address bit, the bit-number matches this bit specifier's position within the current instruction byte @item a@var{N} the bit is the @var{N}th address bit, bit-number = N, i.e., @code{a12} is address bit 12 on input, @code{a0} is address bit 0. @item i the bit is an input data bit @item o the bit is an output data bit @end table Each instruction must be composed of 32 bit specifiers. The instruction specification closely follows the instruction data provided in Atmel's data sheets for their parts. For example, the EEPROM read and write instruction for an AT90S2313 AVR part could be encoded as: @example read = "1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 x x x x x x x x", "x a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 o o o o o o o o"; write = "1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x x x x x x x", "x a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 i i i i i i i i"; @end example @node Other Notes, , Part Definitions, Configuration File @section Other Notes @itemize @bullet @item The @code{devicecode} parameter is the device code used by the STK500 and are obtained from the software section (@code{avr061.zip} of Atmel's AVR061 application note available from @url{http://www.atmel.com/atmel/acrobat/doc2525.pdf}. @item Not all memory types will implement all instructions. @item AVR Fuse bits and Lock bits are implemented as a type of memory. @item Example memory types are: @code{flash}, @code{eeprom}, @code{fuse}, @code{lfuse} (low fuse), @code{hfuse} (high fuse), @code{efuse} (extended fuse), @code{signature}, @code{calibration}, @code{lock}. @item The memory type specified on the AVRDUDE command line must match one of the memory types defined for the specified chip. @item The @code{pwroff_after_write} flag causes AVRDUDE to attempt to power the device off and back on after an unsuccessful write to the affected memory area if VCC programmer pins are defined. If VCC pins are not defined for the programmer, a message indicating that the device needs a power-cycle is printed out. This flag was added to work around a problem with the at90s4433/2333's; see the at90s4433 errata at: @url{http://www.atmel.com/atmel/acrobat/doc1280.pdf} @end itemize @node Platform Dependent Information, , Configuration File, Top @appendix Platform Dependent Information @menu * FreeBSD:: * Linux:: * Windows:: @end menu @node FreeBSD, Linux, Platform Dependent Information, Platform Dependent Information @section FreeBSD @menu * FreeBSD Installation:: * FreeBsd Configuration Files:: * FreeBSD Port Names:: * FreeBSD Documentation:: @end menu @node FreeBSD Installation, FreeBsd Configuration Files, FreeBSD, FreeBSD @subsection Installation @noindent AVRDUDE is installed via the FreeBSD Ports Tree as follows: @example % su - root # cd /usr/ports/devel/avrdude # make install @end example If you wish to install from a pre-built package instead of the source, you can use the following instead: @example % su - root # pkg_add -r avrdude @end example Of course, you must be connected to the Internet for these methods to work, since that is where the source as well as the pre-built package is obtained. @node FreeBsd Configuration Files, FreeBSD Port Names, FreeBSD Installation, FreeBSD @subsection Configuration Files @noindent The default configuration file for FreeBSD is located at @code{/usr/local/etc/avrdude.conf}. This can be changed by using the @code{-C} command line option. Additionally, the user's home directory is search for a file named @code{.avrduderc}, and if found, is used to augment the system default configuration file. @node FreeBSD Port Names, FreeBSD Documentation, FreeBsd Configuration Files, FreeBSD @subsection Port Names @noindent AVRDUDE uses the FreeBSD ppi(4) interface for accessing the parallel port and the sio(4) driver for serial port access. The default name used for the parallel port is @code{/dev/ppi0}, while the default serial port device is @code{/dev/cuaa0}. @node FreeBSD Documentation, , FreeBSD Port Names, FreeBSD @subsection Documentation @noindent AVRDUDE installs a manual page as well as HTML and PDF documentation. The manual page is installed in @code{/usr/local/man/man1} area, while the HTML and PDF documentation is installed in @code{/usr/local/share/doc/avrdude} directory. @node Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, Platform Dependent Information @section Linux @menu * Linux Installation:: * Linux Configuration Files:: * Linux Port Names:: * Linux Documentation:: @end menu @node Linux Installation, Linux Configuration Files, Linux, Linux @subsection Installation @noindent Empty. @node Linux Configuration Files, Linux Port Names, Linux Installation, Linux @subsection Configuration Files @noindent Empty. @node Linux Port Names, Linux Documentation, Linux Configuration Files, Linux @subsection Port Names @noindent Empty. @node Linux Documentation, , Linux Port Names, Linux @subsection Documentation @noindent Empty. @node Windows, , Linux, Platform Dependent Information @section Windows @menu * Windows Installation:: * Windows Configuration Files:: * Windows Port Names:: * Using the parallel port:: * Documentation:: * Credits.:: @end menu @node Windows Installation, Windows Configuration Files, Windows, Windows @subsection Installation @noindent Empty. @node Windows Configuration Files, Windows Port Names, Windows Installation, Windows @subsection Configuration Files @menu * Configuration file names:: * How AVRDUDE finds the configuration files.:: @end menu @node Configuration file names, How AVRDUDE finds the configuration files., Windows Configuration Files, Windows Configuration Files @subsubsection Configuration file names @noindent AVRDUDE on Windows looks for a system configuration file name of @code{avrdude.conf} and looks for a user override configuration file of @code{avrdude.rc}. @node How AVRDUDE finds the configuration files., , Configuration file names, Windows Configuration Files @subsubsection How AVRDUDE finds the configuration files. @noindent AVRDUDE on Windows has a different way of searching for the system and user configuration files. Below is the search method for locating the configuration files: @enumerate @item The directory from which the application loaded. @item The current directory. @item The Windows system directory. Use the GetSystemDirectory function to get the path of this directory. On Windows NT, the name of this directory is @code{SYSTEM32}. @item Windows NT: The 16-bit Windows system directory. There is no Win32 function that obtains the path of this directory, but it is searched. The name of this directory is SYSTEM. @item The Windows directory. Use the GetWindowsDirectory function to get the path of this directory. @item The directories that are listed in the PATH environment variable. @end enumerate @node Windows Port Names, Using the parallel port, Windows Configuration Files, Windows @subsection Port Names @menu * Serial Ports:: * Parallel Ports:: @end menu @node Serial Ports, Parallel Ports, Windows Port Names, Windows Port Names @subsubsection Serial Ports @noindent When you select a serial port (i.e. when using an STK500) use the Windows serial port device names such as: com1, com2, etc. @node Parallel Ports, , Serial Ports, Windows Port Names @subsubsection Parallel Ports @noindent AVRDUDE will only accept 3 Windows parallel port names: lpt1, lpt2, or lpt3. Each of these names corresponds to a fixed parallel port base address: @table @code @item lpt1 0x378 @item lpt2 0x278 @item lpt3 0x3BC @end table On your desktop PC, lpt1 will be the most common choice. If you are using a laptop, you might have to use lpt3 instead of lpt1. Select the name of the port the corresponds to the base address of the parallel port that you want. @node Using the parallel port, Documentation, Windows Port Names, Windows @subsection Using the parallel port @menu * Windows NT/2K/XP:: * Windows 95/98:: @end menu @node Windows NT/2K/XP, Windows 95/98, Using the parallel port, Using the parallel port @subsubsection Windows NT/2K/XP @noindent On Windows NT, 2000, and XP user applications cannot directly access the parallel port. However, kernel mode drivers can access the parallel port. giveio.sys is a driver that can allow user applications to set the state of the parallel port pins. Before using AVRDUDE, the giveio.sys driver must be loaded. The accompanying loaddrv.exe program can do just that. loaddrv is also a command line program. To make things even easier there are 3 batch files that are also included: @enumerate @item install_giveio.bat Install and start the giveio driver. @item status_giveio.bat Check on the status of the giveio driver. @item remove_giveio.bat Stop and remove the giveio driver from memory. @end enumerate These 3 batch files calls the loaddrv program with various options to install, start, stop, and remove the driver. When you first execute install_giveio.bat, loaddrv.exe and giveio.sys must be in the current directory. When install_giveio.bat is executed it will copy giveio.sys from your current directory to your Windows directory. It will then load the driver from the Windows directory. This means that after the first time install_giveio is executed, subsequently you should be able to execute the batch file from any directory and have it successfully start the driver. @node Windows 95/98, , Windows NT/2K/XP, Using the parallel port @subsubsection Windows 95/98 @noindent On Windows 95 and 98 the giveio.sys driver is not needed. @node Documentation, Credits., Using the parallel port, Windows @subsection Documentation @noindent Empty. @node Credits., , Documentation, Windows @subsection Credits. @noindent Thanks to: @itemize @bullet @item Dale Roberts for the giveio driver @item Paula Tomlinson for the loaddrv sources. @item Chris Liechti for modifying loaddrv to be command line driven and for writing the batch files. @end itemize @bye