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<title>AVRDUDE: 4.3.2 Instruction Format</title>
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<a name="Instruction-Format"></a>
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<table class="header" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_9.html#Configuration-File" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_13.html#Parent-Part" title="Previous section in reading order"> &lt; </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_12.html#Part-Definitions" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_15.html#Other-Notes" title="Next section in reading order"> &gt; </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_16.html#Programmer-Specific-Information" title="Next chapter"> &gt;&gt; </a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude.html#Introduction" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[Index]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
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<hr>
<a name="Instruction-Format-1"></a>
<h3 class="subsection">4.3.2 Instruction Format</h3>
<p>Instruction formats are specified as a comma separated list of string
values containing information (bit specifiers) about each of the 32 bits
of the instruction. Bit specifiers may be one of the following formats:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>1</code></dt>
<dd><p>The bit is always set on input as well as output
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>0</code></dt>
<dd><p>the bit is always clear on input as well as output
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>x</code></dt>
<dd><p>the bit is ignored on input and output
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>a</code></dt>
<dd><p>the bit is an address bit, the bit-number matches this bit specifier&rsquo;s
position within the current instruction byte
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>a<var>N</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>the bit is the <var>N</var>th address bit, bit-number = N, i.e., <code>a12</code>
is address bit 12 on input, <code>a0</code> is address bit 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>i</code></dt>
<dd><p>the bit is an input data bit
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>o</code></dt>
<dd><p>the bit is an output data bit
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Each instruction must be composed of 32 bit specifiers. The instruction
specification closely follows the instruction data provided in Atmel&rsquo;s
data sheets for their parts. For example, the EEPROM read and write
instruction for an AT90S2313 AVR part could be encoded as:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">
read = &quot;1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 x x x x x x x x&quot;,
&quot;x a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 o o o o o o o o&quot;;
write = &quot;1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x x x x x x x&quot;,
&quot;x a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 i i i i i i i i&quot;;
</pre></div>
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<hr>
<table class="header" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_9.html#Configuration-File" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_13.html#Parent-Part" title="Previous section in reading order"> &lt; </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_12.html#Part-Definitions" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_15.html#Other-Notes" title="Next section in reading order"> &gt; </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_16.html#Programmer-Specific-Information" title="Next chapter"> &gt;&gt; </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude.html#Introduction" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[Index]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="avrdude_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
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</tr></table>
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