avrdude/avrdude.1

.\" Copyright (c) 2001 Joerg Wunsch
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.Dd DATE January 19, 2001
.Os
.Dt AVRPROG 1
.Sh NAME
.Nm avrprog
.Nd driver program for ``simple'' Atmel AVR MCU programmer
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Fl p Ar partno
.Op Fl c Ar programmer-id
.Op Fl C Ar config-file
.Op Fl e
.Oo Fl E Ar exitspec Ns
.Op \&, Ns Ar exitspec
.Oc
.Op Fl f Ar format
.Op Fl F
.Op Fl i Ar filename
.Op Fl m Ar memtype
.Op Fl o Ar filename
.Op Fl n
.Op Fl P Ar parallel
.Op Fl t
.Op Fl v
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Avrprog
is a driver program for a simple programming hardware that allows one
to program Atmel AVR microcontrollers, where the programmer is
connected directly to a
.Xr ppi 4
parallel port.  In the simplest case, the hardware consists just of a
cable, connecting the respective AVR signal lines to the parallel port.
.Pp
The MCU is programmed in
.Em serial programming mode ,
so the MCU signals
.Ql /RESET ,
.Ql SCK ,
.Ql MISO
and
.Ql MOSI
need to be connected to the parallel port.  Optionally, some otherwise
unused output pins of the parallel port can be used to supply power for
the MCU part, so it is also possible to construct a passive standalone
programming device.
Some status LEDs indicating the current operating state of the
programmer can be connected, and a signal is available to control a
buffer/driver IC 74LS367 (or 74HCT367).  The latter can be useful to
decouple the parallel port from the MCU when in-system programming is
used.
.Pp
See the file
.Pa ${PREFIX}/share/doc/avrprog/avrprog.pdf
for a schematic of the programming hardware.
.Pp
Input files can be provided, and output files can be written in
different file formats, such as raw binary files containing the data
to download to the chip, Intel hex format, or Motorola S-record
format.  There are a number of tools available to produce those files,
like
.Xr asl 1
as a standalone assembler, or
.Xr avr-objcopy 1
for the final stage of the GNU toolchain for the AVR microcontroller.
.Pp
Both, EEPROM cells and the flash ROM can be programmed (separately).
It is also possible to read the chip (provided it has not been
code-protected previously, of course) and store the data in a file.
Finally, a ``terminal'' mode is available that allows one to
interactively communicate with the MCU, and to display or program
individual memory cells.
.Ss Options
In order to control all the different operation modi, a number of options
need to be specified to
.Nm avrprog .
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
.It Fl p Ar partno
This is the only option that is mandatory for every invocation of
.Nm avrprog .
It specifies the type of the MCU connected to the programmer.  These are read from the config file.  If
.Nm avrprog
does not know about a part that you have, simply add it to the config
file (be sure and submit a patch back to the author so that it can be
incorporated for the next version).  See the sample config file for
the format.  Currently, the following MCU types are understood:
.Pp
.TS
ll.
\fBOption tag\fP	\fBOfficial part name\fP
1200	AT90S1200
2313	AT90S2313
2333	AT90S2333
4433	AT90S4433
4434	AT90S4434
8515	AT90S8515
8535	AT90S8535
103	ATMEGA103
.TE
.It Fl c Ar programmer-id
Use the pin configuration specified by the argument.  Pin
configurations are read from the config file (see the
.Fl C
option).  New pin configurations can be easily added or modified
through the use of a config file to make
.Nm avrprog
work with different programmers as long as the programmer supports the
Atmel AVR serial program method.
.It Fl C Ar config-file
Use the specified config file to load configuration data.  This file
contains all programmer and part definitions that
.Nm avrprog
knows about.  If you have a programmer or part that
.Nm avrprog
does not know about, you can add it to the config file (be sure and
submit a patch back to the author so that it can be incorporated for
the next version).  See the sample config file, located at
.Pa ${PREFIX}/etc/avrprog.conf.sample ,
which contains a description of the format.
.It Fl e
Causes a chip erase to be executed.  This will reset the contents of the
flash ROM and EEPROM to the value
.Ql 0xff ,
and is basically a prerequisite command before the flash ROM can be
reprogrammed again.  The only exception would be if the new
contents would exclusively cause bits to be programmed from the value
.Ql 1
to
.Ql 0 .
Note that in order to reprogram EERPOM cells, no explicit prior chip
erase is required since the MCU provides an auto-erase cycle in that
case before programming the cell.
.It Xo Fl E Ar exitspec Ns
.Op \&, Ns Ar exitspec
.Xc
By default,
.Nm
leaves the parallel port in the same state at exit as it has been
found at startup.  This option modifies the state of the
.Ql /RESET
and
.Ql Vcc
lines the parallel port is left at, according to the
.Ar exitspec
arguments provided, as follows:
.Bl -tag -width noreset
.It Ar reset
The
.Ql /RESET
signal will be left activated at program exit, that is it will be held
.Em low ,
in order to keep the MCU in reset state afterwards.  Note in particular
that the programming algorithm for the AT90S1200 device mandates that
the
.Ql /RESET
signal is active
.Em before
powering up the MCU, so in case an external power supply is used for this
MCU type, a previous invocation of
.Nm
with this option specified is one of the possible ways to guarantee this
condition.
.It Ar noreset
The
.Ql /RESET
line will be deactivated at program exit, thus allowing the MCU target
program to run while the programming hardware remains connected.
.It Ar vcc
This option will leave those parallel port pins active
.Pq \&i. \&e. Em high
that can be used to supply
.Ql Vcc
power to the MCU.
.It Ar novcc
This option will pull the
.Ql Vcc
pins of the parallel port down at program exit.
.El
.Pp
Multiple
.Ar exitspec
arguments can be separated with commas.
.It Fl f Ar format
This option specifies the file format for the input or output files
to be processed.
.Ar Format
can be one of:
.Bl -tag -width sss
.It Ar i
Intel Hex
.It Ar s
Motorola S-record
.It Ar r
raw binary; little-endian byte order, in the case of the flash ROM data
.It Ar a
auto detect; valid for input only, and only if the input is not
provided at
.Em stdin .
.El
.Pp
The default is to use auto detection for input files, and raw binary
format for output files.
.It Fl F
Normally,
.Nm
tries to verify that the device signature read from the part is
reasonable before continuing.  Since it can happen from time to time
that a device has a broken (erased or overwritten) device signature
but is otherwise operating normally, this options is provided to
override the check.
.It Fl i Ar filename
Specifies the input file to be programmed into the MCU.  Can be specified
as
.Ql \&-
to use
.Em stdin
as the input.
.It Fl m Ar memtype
Specifies which program area of the MCU to read or write; allowable
values are
.Em eeprom
for the EEPROM, or
.Em flash
for the flash ROM, which is also the default.
.It Fl n
No-write - disables actually writing data to the MCU (useful for debugging
.Nm avrprog
).
.It Fl o Ar filename
Specifies the name of the output file to write, and causes the respective
memory area to be read from the MCU.  Can be specified as
.Ql \&-
to write to
.Em stdout .
.It Fl P Ar parallel
Use
.Ar parallel
as the
.Xr ppi 4
device to communicate with, instead of the default
.Pa /dev/ppi0 .
.It Fl t
Tells
.Nm
to enter the interactive ``terminal'' mode instead of up- or downloading
files.  See below for a detailed description of the terminal mode.
.El
.Ss Terminal mode
In this mode,
.Nm
only initializes communication with the MCU, and then awaits user
commands on standard input.  Commands and parameters may be
abbreviated to the shortest unambiguous form.  Terminal mode provides
a command history using
.Xr readline 3 ,
so previously entered command lines can be recalled and edited.  The
following commands are currently implemented:
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
.It Ar dump eeprom\&|flash addr nbytes
Read
.Ar nbytes
bytes from the specified memory area, and display them in the usual
hexadecimal and ASCII form.
.It Ar dump
Continue dumping the memory contents for another
.Ar nbytes
where the previous
.Ar dump
command left off.
.It Ar write eeprom\&|flash addr byte1 ... byteN
Manually program the respective memory cells, starting at address
.Ar addr ,
using the values
.Ar byte1
through
.Ar byteN .
This feature is not implemented for bank-addressed memories such as
flash memory of ATMega devices.
.It Ar erase
Perform a chip erase.
.It Ar sig
Display the device signature bytes.
.It Ar part
Display the current part settings.
.It Ar \&?
.It Ar help
Give a short on-line summary of the available commands.
.It Ar quit
Leave terminal mode and thus
.Nm avrprog .
.El
.Ss Default Parallel port pin connections
(these can be changed, see the
.Fl c
option)
.TS
ll.
\fBPin number\fP	\fBFunction\fP
2-5	Vcc (optional power supply to MCU)
7	/RESET (to MCU)
8	SCK (to MCU)
9	MOSI (to MCU)
10	MISO (from MCU)
18-25	GND
.TE
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width /dev/ppi0XXX
.It Pa /dev/ppi0
default device to be used for communication with the programming
hardware
.It Pa ${PREFIX}/etc/avrprog.conf.sample
sample pin configuration file
.It Pa ${PREFIX}/etc/avrprog.conf
default pin configuration file
.It Pa ~/.inputrc
Initialization file for the
.Xr readline 3
library
.It Pa ${PREFIX}/share/doc/avrprog/avrprog.pdf
Schematic of programming hardware
.El
.\" .Sh EXAMPLES
.\" .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr asl 1 ,
.Xr avr-objcopy 1 ,
.Xr ppi 4 ,
.Xr readline 3
.Pp
The AVR microcontroller product description can be found at
.Pp
.Dl "http://www.atmel.com/atmel/products/prod23.htm"
.\" .Sh HISTORY
.Sh AUTHORS
.Nm Avrprog
was written by Brian S. Dean <bsd@bsdhome.com>.
.Pp
This man page by
.ie t J\(:org Wunsch.
.el Joerg Wunsch.
.Sh BUGS
Motorola S-record files are not yet implemented.